نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 88 (شهریور 1389)

Here,it is tried to assess an insight behind using IFN-G,IL-2,IL-4,and IL-10 biomarkers as potential surrogate endpoints for skin diseases caused by exposure to mustard gas. Potentially,a biomarker is a valid surrogate if assessment of the treatment effect based on surrogate endpoint leads to the same result based on true clinical endpoint. In Sardasht-Iran Cohort study including 328 individuals,235 subjects exposed to mustard gas taken from Sardasht as the exposed group and 93 subjects not exposed to mustard gas taken from Rabat,through comparison of related risk ratios,it is tried to assess whether IFN-G,IL-2,IL-4,and IL-10 biomarkers can be offered as potential surrogates for skin disorders caused by exposure to mustard gas. It was found out that IL-2(at three levels of serum,mitogen and mitogen-nill), IL-10 (at four levels of serum,mitogen,mitogen-nill and nill),and IL-4 (at two levels of mitogen and mitogen-nill) can be used as surrogates,because the survey of no exposure effect of mustard gas based on these biomarkers would led to the same conclusion of the same survey based on existence or non-existence of skin disorders as true clinical endpoint. But IL-4 at serum level and IFN-G at three levels do not have this property. Using IL-2 at three levels, IL-10 at four levels and IL-4 at two levels, the study of no exposure effect of mustard gas on skin disorders can be tested without waiting for skin disorders as the true clinical endpoints.

Silver nanoparticles, the new generation of antimicrobial agents, have been employed in different applications. Eradication of bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by nanosilver is considerable. In the other hands, macrophages, the most important immune cells in nanoparticles clearance in semi-open human body interfaces determine nanosilver fate.In this study, colloidal nanosilver toxicity on macrophages and three bacterial strains was assessed so as to determine effective antibacterial concentrations without toxic effect on macrophages for harmless usage of nanosilver.

The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles was assessed based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles. The effect of silver nanoparticles on macrophages measured based on MTT assay in vitro.

The MIC of colloidal nanosilver was equal to 1/56 part per million (ppm) for E. coli strain and S. aureus strain but the MIC of colloidal nanosilver was equal to 3/125 ppm for P. Aeruginosa. Both of these MICs and the corresponding MBCs were the same. Maximum concentration of colloidal nanosiver which did not kill macrophage cells completely after 24 h was 2 ppm but non-toxic maximum concentration of nanosilver for macrophage cells compared to the control group was 0.5 ppm.

Accordingly, concentrations of nanosilver higher than 2 ppm are toxic for macrophages and lower than 0.5 ppm concentration has not any antimicrobial effect. Therefore, precaution must be taken for the usage of large concentrations of nanosilver. Approaches to truths pertaining to complex nanosystems necessitate accomplishment of in vivo experiments and comparison of their result with that of in vitro.

Using proteomic methodologies and advent of high-throughput (HTP) investigation of proteins has created a need for new approaches in bioinformatics analysis of experimental results. Cluster analysis is a suitable statistical procedure that can be useful for analyzing these data sets. In this research study, the identified proteins associated with esophagus, stomach and colon cancers were analyzed with the hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering procedures. Proteins were clustered for three aspects of gene ontology and results were compared. Despite non-substantial silhouette widths for the entire dataset, most of the proteins in each cluster have remarkable biological communions. According to the results, it was evident that clustering methods can reveal novel annotation patterns within dataset that would not have been identified otherwise. Considering hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering, results show that the clustering methods have similar results. Maybe we can say because of the introducing representative proteins for each cluster, the partitioning method operating with the greatest nicety while AGNES procedure is simpler. Furthermore, it was clear that the proteins were clustered via their cellular component similarities have also biological and functional similarities which this requires more researches

Dental materials that are used for fixation in deciduous pulpotomy have adverse reactions such as toxicity and carcinogenic and mutaginic effects. Severe efforts are focused on substitution of these materials with safer ones. It has been reported that herbal medicines have useful clinical effects. It has been shown that the SUAB1 and SUAB2 had a lower cytotoxicity than formocresol.To compare the in vivo histocompatibility of SUAB1 and SUAB2 in subcutaneous tissue of rat. The study design was descriptive- analytical. Twenty-one rats with an average weight of 350 grams were used. SUAB1 and SUAB2 were separately placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted in the dorsal subdermal tissue. After intervals of one, two, and four weeks, animals were sacrificed. The implant materials with surrounding tissue were removed and collected in 10% buffered formalin solution for histopathologic evaluation. Capsule thickness, inflammation intensity, angiogenesis, necrosis and calcification were studied on paraffin-embedded sections. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.5). The Friedman and kruskall-wallis statistical tests were used. Statistically significant difference in capsule thickness, intensity and extent of inflammation, angiogenesis, necrosis and calcification was observed between SUAB1 and SUAB2 groups. Capsule thickness, intensity of inflammation and calcification was higher in SUAB1 group than SUAB2.

Ameloblastoma was a benign odontogenic tumor that has more aggressive behavior in comparison to odontogenic cysts. The of aim the present study is quantitative and qualitative evaluation of silver nitrate staining in ameloblastoma and odontogenic cysts and to compare it with their clinical biologic behavior. In this retrospective cross – sectional study, 60 paraffinized blocks of odontogenic lesions was stained with Agnor. Then for quantitative evaluation, 100 cells with (×100) were counted and their average was considered as NORs count. From qualitative aspect NORs are devided into normal (round- eliptical) to abnormal (large- cluster - bean shap). The results were analyzed statistically by T- Test and ANOVA. NORs count in ameloblastoma was 2.7± 7.26, in unicystic ameloblastoma 2.5± 7.2, in odontogenic keratocyst 1.8 ± 4.7 and in dentigerous cyst 1.52 ± 2.82. No significance statistical difference was observed in NORs expression between ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma (P=0.8), But significance statistical difference was observed in NORs expression between ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma with dentigerous cyst and keratocyst (p<0.001) (p=0.001). In dentigerous cyst NORs arrangement was normal and intra-nucleous. In keratocyst, NORs were large to bean shape and cluster shapes were seen rearely. Pattern of NORs was seen cluster shape in ameloblastoma and unicystic amelobalstoma. Number of NORs in ameloblastoma is higher than odontogenic cysts. Distribution pattern of NORs in ameloblastoma are different than odontogenic cysts. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of silver nitrat staining reflect aggressive behavior of ameloblastoma than odontogenic cysts.

Exercise is increasingly becoming popular during pregnancy. One goal of exercise during pregnancy is to restore optimum body biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise during pregnancy on the intensity of low back pain and kinematics of spine. During a prospective randomized study, 212 pregnant women filled questionnaire between weeks 17-22 of pregnancy and 12 weeks later to assess the severity low back pain. All of them were randomized into two groups; one group was offered to exercise three times a week for 12 weeks, the other group was not. Lordosis and spinal flexibility with flexible ruler and Side bending test, respectively, and at one time were measured Weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age at delivery and birth weight were also recorded. Intensity of low back pain in the exercise group after exercise significantly decreased)p<0.0001(, but it increased in the control group. Lordosis was significantly increased in the two groups with no major differences between the two groups. After ending the exercise, flexibility of spine in the two groups was significantly decreased, and there was significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups according to maternal weight gain, pregnancy length and neonatal weight. There is strong correlation between lordosis (r=0.45, p<0.000) and spine flexibility (r=0.44, p<0.000) with BMI. Exercise during the second and beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy could reduce the intensity of low back pain and increase flexibility of spine and had no detectable effect on Lordosis

Since the role of mother is important in controlling febrile convulsion and its concern nature, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational program on knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in prevention of febrile convulsion in children. This study was a quasi-experimental one that carried out on 100 women referred to Arak health centers. The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each consisting of 50 women). Before intervention, data were collected for both groups using the questionnaire, then intervention was done for 1 month in 4 sessions and after intervention, two follow-up sessions were hold and finally after 3 months, data were recollected and analyzed. The obtained findings showed that before educational intervention, knowledge about febrile seizure in children was less than medium. Also, mothers performed poorly in the prevention of febrile convulsion. After the educational intervention, there was a higher knowledge and attitude in mothers to prevent febrile convulsion and their correct performance increased. If knowledge and attitude be higher, women performance about prevention of febrile children also increases. Therefore, it is proposed to have educational program in other health centers for promotion of children' health.

Psychological disorders, particularly depression are common in chronic renal failure and patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). These disorders have important influences on quality of life and increased mortality rate. This study was performed to evaluate the frequency of depression and its related factors among HD patients within two dialysis units.

The study population consisted of 120 patients on conventional maintenance hemodialysis who filled Beck questionnaires in order to depression screening. Data were collected by questionnaire, medical history and laboratory exams. The SPSS software (version 16) was used for data analysis and Chi square and Spearman’s tests were applied.

Frequency of depression among study population was 70%, so that 26.7% of them suffered from severe depression. There was no correlation between age, gender, underlying disease, HD duration, history of renal transplantation, anemia, marriage status, occupation, serum albumin level and depression (p>0.05). Frequency of HD sessions per week and dialysis adequacy (Kt/V) significantly correlated with depression severity (p=0.01 and p=0.04 respectively).

With regard to high prevalence of depression among HD patients, depression screening seems necessary in this population. Early diagnosis and treatment of depression could improve patients’ quality of life.

There are different views in various religions and moral bases about elective or induced abortion. Elective abortion has always been condemned by religions and ethics although in some cases they have issued permission. Valued references as Qran, Hadith books, and other important books have been referred and different papers about abortion in various religions are issued. When various views are studied, three different aspects are concluded.1- Absolute freedom: The theory of believing in mothers right to decided on abortion.2- Absolute forbidness: The theory of believing in equality of human and fetus.3- Conditional freedom in abortion: Proper excuse and age of fetus. In abortion issue the main parameter are human honor right of living and mother property. Any theory development must be based on these parameters. In Islamic country of Iran specialties in law, religions service and gynecologist must work on different aspects of abortion and therefore open the way for more developed laws. In order to minimize use of medicines and abortion unstrile condition.