فصلنامه پژوهش ها و سیاست های اقتصادی
پیاپی 55 (پاییز 1389)

The relationship between the productivity and price of energy is an important issue for policy making and energy planning. The main purpose of this paper is to examine and reveal the long run relationship between these two variables in the Iranian economy. The current study results reject a long run relationship between price and energy productivity,based on a standard co-integration test. However, using an asymmetric co-integration (hidden cointegration) approach, we observe a meaningful relationship between price end energy efficiency. This results implies that continuation of the decreasing trend of real energy prices will result in further reductions in energy productivity. It is thus essential that energy prices be adjusted as part of energy conservation policies.

Human capital is one of the important effective factors on economic growth.The objective of this paper is to find out the effect of human capital in the industry,s growth comparing with the effect of other factors such as the scale and technology of industry. In orther to investigating the impact of human capital on product growth in industry level, during the period of 1374-1385, by using pooling data approach, a cobb-douglas function has estimated. The result shows that human capital has a positive and significance effect on the product growth in industry level of east Azarbaijan province. To study of the effect of human capital on TFP, A DEA technique has employed. Through this technique by using the Malmquist Index, it has found that during the period of 1374-1385, the changes of management efficiency, as an index of human capital, affected theTFP almost the same as other factors.

Regarding the nature of its activities, accompany with higher profitability, banks encounter large amount of risk. Among the variety of risk, credit risk is very important so it is inevitable that bank activities will accompany with risks. As an enterprise, having accurate information about ability of borrowers in paying back of their loans is the most important function and vital task in a bank. In this regard this research calculates the efficiency of 75 companies which have borrowed from BANK- E- Keshavarzi in 1380 by using Data Envelopment Analysis and it ranks them based on this procedure. It concludes, 15 companies stand on the border of efficiency. Being average technical efficiency about 78%, it shows that the mentioned companies have used the inputs of production about22% beyond their needs, so their activities have low profitability. According to this result, BANK- E- Keshavarzi could rank his companies in regard to different levels of risk.

The aim of this study was to choose forecasting model for nominal and real price of beef, sheep meat, Milk, and Wool. Initially the stationary of the series was tested, then in order to investigate whether series are stochastic, nonparametric test of Vald-Wulfowitz was applied. The study period covers 1346-1384. Based on the above tests results, all of the selected nominal and real prices were recognized to be predictable. The models applied to forecast are ARIMA, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The findings indicated the relative superiority of ARIMA in comparison with ANN in predicting nominal prices of selected products. However, In the case of real prices ANN showed a comparativesuperiority. It was also found that in the case of nominal series increase in the forecast period lead to increased forecast error.

The ranking of homo economic units is one of the most important issues for decision making and work improvement in these units. A subsector of these economic units in each country is bank industrial. In some countries like Iran, albeit doing grading for bank branches, ranking of these sections is done through traditional methods (e.g just branch sources) or full mathematical data envelopment analysis model. In this paper, in addition of introducing applicable and advanced Analytic Network Process model, we rank the chosen one, two and three grade branches of Saderat Bank of Iran in Tehran city. The achieved results are shown the efficiency and precision of this method.

Regarding to Close Relation between energy Consumption and Value added in IRAN, the Survey mutual Relation the mentioned variables could be important in the planning's and policy makings. In this Paper, by Using Standard test of Granger Causality the Granger relation between Total energy Consumption and Value added has been Surveyed in the manufacturing, refineries, power plants and Transportation sectors during 1346-1384 period. In the cases that are observed a unilateral Granger Causality Relation from energy Consumption to value added, Consumption of energy Stimulates value added. Then in anyPlanning and Policy marking must carry out complete Cautious, particularly about economy of energy consumption. that In the cases is also observed that the unilateral Granger causality relation from value added to energy consumption then Could result that Planning and policy in the economy of energy Consumption Could be used With out Considering the quality of value added trend.

Corporate governance and the level of cash holdings are effective factors in performance measurement of firms. Many researches have been done about the relationship between corporate governance quality and the level of cash holdings with firm value such as performance measurement. No many researches have been done about this subject in Iran. Therefore the main goal of this paper is to review the relationship between percentage of institutional ownership and percentage of outside directors and the level of cash holdings as independent variables and QTobin as dependent variable in Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore 129 firms that their required data for a ten year period was available were studied. The multivariate pooled regression model is used to examine thehypotheses. The conclusions indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between percentage of institutional ownership and firm value. There is no significant relationship between percentage of outside directors and firm value in Tehran Stock Exchange. There is a positive and significant relationship between cash holdings and firm value in Tehran Stock Exchange.