فصلنامه مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 16 (بهار 1388)

After the victory of Constitutional (Mashroutah) revolution, people and seminarians (Islamic scholars) were concerned about the run of country on the basis of Islamic rules and laws. Therefore, considering the conditions of that time, they found the amendment to the Constitution as the only way to attain this goal, which was done by the endeavor of Sheikh Fadhl-allah Nouri; and a principle called "the second principle of the amendment to the Constitution" was ratified accordingly. What was seemed to be important after the ratification of the principle was its enforcement in spite of the resistances of that time.Reviewing the conditions and circumstances led to ratification of the principle, this paper examines three methods for its enforcement during three periods of the parliament, with respect to historical evidences, and concludes that the principle has been entirely performed, once at least in the second period of parliament.

After the failure of "new world order" doctrine proposed by father Bush, other viewpoints were put forward such as "the end of history" by Fukuyama and "the clash of civilizations" by Huntington, focusing, as the previous ones, on the authority and domination of the west.Taking a new paradigm into consideration, the present paper aims at answering the following question: is the clash of civilizations theory taking place in contemporary world or there is a new paradigm called "the clash with domination system".According to the author, under the leadership of Imam Khomeini, not only the developments of Iran in past decades have incapacitated the dictatorial regime of Shah, but also have led the domineering system, remained form Westphalia Treaty, toward disintegration.

The constitution determines the ruling system. It marks where power should be concentrated, how the relationship between this ruling power and the freedoms and rights of the people of the nation is, and the scale of power and responsibility of the leaders, including the executive branch, legislative branch, and the judicial branch, towards the nation. The nation’s rights are a pivotal discussion amongst political systems which is emphasized in the constitutions of various political systems. Various countries in the world try to make this the frontispiece and brightest chapter of their constitution. This research deals with the bases of national rights in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and how they were formed. One of the essential constitutional discussions is the rights of individuals and the limitations of presidential power. This is given the title of ‘human rights,’ ‘foundational rights and freedoms’ or ‘the rights and duties of the government and individuals.’ These rights have been described in accordance to individualism and socialism. The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, distancing itself from fanaticism, is not similar to western governments before the Renaissance, where the rights of individuals were completely overlooked, and not similar to what came after the Renaissance, where divine rights were erased from the society. The foundations of this article are the rights and freedoms that the third chapter of the constitution stipulated.

Iran, After the Islamic Revolution, as a result of its global orientation and special traits came in to grips with the Security challenges that have internal and external dimension. Based on its revolutionary and Islamic ideology, Iran denied the existing order of the world. This resulted in concern for the world powers and their alliances. Thus in the first decades of the newly-fledged revolution, encountered huge internal and external problems including fear of the regional countries to have friendly and mutual relation with this country). Therefore, endeavor to survive by both sides lead to intense tension between them. And the consequence was Iran- Iraq war (57-67), the longest war after World War II.The author tries to answer this question: What were the Security policies of Iran in the first decade of the Revolution? And considering the particularity of the Islamic revolution which problems and obstacles (inside and out of the country) it was confronted with?

Islamic movements, today, are within the most active movements in the world. This gropes believe that globe and globalization has close relation with religion. Thus, we can observe increasing importance of thoughts and religious institutions throughout the world. It is so that some called 1992 the year of Islamic awakening. While in 1964 westerners and easterners believed the Islam could not counter against modernity or modernization. Also in 1979 United States Claimed that Islamic awakening ruins the World and Muslim actives engaged in war that according to sairus wens, foreign minister of the United Stats, may strongly dangers the America’s interests in the world. He called this war the war of Islam and the west. Soviet Union leaders have never occulted their fright from Islamic awakening. Experts in west and east believe that it was the Islamic revolution that resulted in Islamic awakening in the world.

Theory is coherence, purposeful and generalizable system that has capability of truth and lie. “Theorization” is a research- scientific, methodological and systematic process which located in the course of introducing the new scientific theory. The hypothesis of this study is that based on the new experience of theorizing in the Shiite political jurisprudence in contemporary area, and with reference to characters of the methodology of the Ijtihad such as its reasonable, criticality, interaction between permanent and changeable and nativism can we approach to theorizing in necessary backgrounds such as political jurisprudential production and giving up individualistic approached toward social facts?

Undoubtedly, security could be regarded as power, including different kinds, the most important of which is "economic security". As it has been always declared by Islamic scholars, among other kinds of security, economic security is one the outstanding securities of every society which affects the identity of society and other types of security as well. According to them, "economic crisis" is the opposite side of economic security, which is rooted in "economic domination" of every enemy of Islamic society with the aim of misleading Islamic revolution. Thus, they encourage their followers to make an attempt in order to prevent the crisis and develop security. From the viewpoint of leading Muslim scholars, elements of economic security include: natural resources and raw materials, technical knowledge and financial policies.As for natural resources and raw materials, they believe that economic development depends on fresh air, abundant wholesome water, and fertile land, and that to initiate any action requires its "particular knowledge" and that none of these could be completed, except through an "economic plan" in financial issues.