مجله الهیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1389)

Qazi Abdoljabbar has regarded faith as performing religious duties, obligations, additional religiously recommended actions and facing evil and unlawful deeds. He, therefore, knows faith included in such religious commendable names that cause Divine reward. For him, faith is founded upon saying, knowledge and deed, the last being inseparable from it and including performing religious duties, religiously advisable deeds and becoming far from evil and unlawful deeds. He has also viewed Islam to be the same as faith. For Abdoljabbar, therefore, has considered faith and Islam as two things of resemblance.

Nowadays, all Cultivated thinkers and believers in divine religions see the dialogue among religious as necessary task in order to attain the religious and human co-existence and mutual understanding. They believe that such dialogues will bring about a sense of sympathy and a true knowledge of religion. It is clear that core of such dialogues are the revealed Scriptures. Among these Scriptures, the Holy Koran and the Bible, Possessing the greatest number of believers in the world, are the main focus of the inter- religious dialogues.This paper attempts to make a research on the concept of miracle its titles, objectivest, and instances in Koran and Bible, focusing on common beliefs among Moslems, christianst, and jews.

With regard to close relation between evolution theory and religious knowledge, and its prodigious influence on arising new schools in philosophy; this paper firstly considers the outcome of Darwin’s theologian theory in brief; secondly it talks about recent controversies such as: ambiguity of Fitness concept, tautology and the usage of probability calculation in this theory,opposition of the second law of thermodynamics (Entropy), biological information in DNA, irreducible complexity, Fine-tuning of decisive nature constant and Anthropic Principle.

About the seventeenth century till nineteenth century, the world was witnessed the emersion of modern science, that challenged the principles of theism and prepare context of conflict between science and religion. In nineteenth century one of these scientific theories that inquietude the problem of belief in God, was Darwin’s theory of evolution. In this research we are trying to mention on philosophic issue of the theory of evolution and among this consecequent, we worked conflict between the theory of evolution and belief in God according to Argument from design and then from the perspective of contemporary of philopher “Keith Ward”, we investigate the cause and the salvation this conflict. In this subject Keith Ward as religious man who accepted theory of evolution tried to rectified perceive of religious people about the theory of evolution, specially the principle of Natural Selection and on the other hand, he wanted to show the mistake of biologist who imposed value of principle of evolution and with rectified of these mater, he try to solved the conflict between the theory of evolution and belief in God, more than any other theory, can prove the creation system based on theory of evolution.

According to some Western thinkers, considering earthy and compelled human alongside with the heavenly and compelling God can result in nothing but human’s alienation and transduction of alien personality in his mind and spirit. Basically, man’s realization of alienation and its type has a close relationship with the way of consideration of human and his nature. Of course type of human regard to God and kind of God that a religion defines, is another altered factor that into the side transaction, human and God has a decisive role. In Islamic teaching human nature and religion are defined as two truth corresponding together and in other words unique truth manifest into the sight of genesis and legislation as human nature and religion. In Islamic philosophy especially Hekmah Al-Motaaliyeh (transcendental wisdom) human’s relationship with God and also universe with God, is the same as relation and dependency. In heavenly instructions, human nature is divine whiff. Therefore, it should have total congruity with divine nature. Since self- forgetfulness is the direct result of God- forgetfulness, God-belief and self- detection have strong relation with each other, too. Moreover, in the mystical instructions of the Muslims mystics, God is a truth that is closer to man than himself. And therefore, the more he is such proximity, attraction and rapture to God, not only the man becomes self- alien, but also he will recognize himself better than before and will approach to his own origin.

Questioning the ‘ Meaning of Life ’ is one of the most important issues that has been asked during the history. But how to question and answer to it is more curiously concerned in the modern time. In answering to the question ‘ what is the meaning of life? ’ there have been proposed various ideas. In this article‚ we explain the John Cottingham ’s idea on this issue. He has a religious perspective to the problem. First ‚ he explained that life has objective meaning irrespective of human will and so we must find it. So he argues that the only way of finding life meaningful is to believe in God and to have a religious view to universe. And that the only way to make us feel life is not absurd and meaningless is to be religious and faithful ‚ despite all evils and failures which we face in life. He also explained the barriers of meaningfulness and the reasons of feeling meaningless. Finally ‚ he argues that the only solution is inner change and changing our views to universe.

One of the most important issues in philosophy of religion is religious diversity. Different view points have been offered in the encounter of the religious diversity from philosophers of religion. The purpose of this research is to examine and compare Alvin Plantinga`s theory as an exclusivist view and Allameh Tabatabaee`s theory concerning religious diversity. Allameh Tabatabaee by presenting the inclusivist view believes that all religions benefit from truth and savior, but Islam considered well-known to seal of religions, is more perfect than others. His most significant argument to support the inclusivist view is that the divine widen salvation requires all human beings in different culture and religions save. While Alvin Plantinga, by exclusivist attitude maintains that only one religion can be true and only its followers can be saved. He believes that truth and salvation is based on Christian's doctrines and teachings and considered Christianity as justified religion.