مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اردبیل
پیاپی 38 (زمستان 1389)

There are many problems in treatment of different kinds of tumors. Many studies were carried out for finding suitable antitumor materials in different countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antitumor effects of olive and green tea extracts on human breast tumor cell line (BT474). Water and ethanol extracts of green tea and olive were prepared. BT474 cells were treated with determinded concentration of extracts at different incubation times and cell lysis was measured using the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme assay. Experiments were repeated 3 times and the results expressed as means ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis were performed by t-test and p ≤ 0.05 considered as significant. Increasing the concentration of green tea in 8 and 24 h exposures decreased cell lysis or killing percentage of treated cells. Olive extract in 1mg/dL concentration showed highest percent (85%) of cell lysis. Cell lysis effect of olive extract treatments was dose-dependent and increased in higher concentrations. There were no significant difference in killing effect of olive extract between 8 and 24 h incubation time (consequently 83% and 85%). But at the same incubation periods the difference between percent of cell lysis in the presence of green tea extracts (0.01 and 0.1 mg/dL) was significant. (p =0.000). Our results indicated that crude olive and green tea extractions have exerted lytic effects on BT 474 lines. Olive extract have higher cytotoxicity than green tea. Cytotoxicity of olive extract was dose-dependent.

Different types of diets and several chemical and herbal drugs are used for decreasing the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin resistance in type II diabetic patients. New herbal medicines including cinnamon have been considered for controlling diabetes. Since few reports have been presented in other countries and many studies have been done in animal models in laboratory condition, this study was aimed to investigate cinnamon supplementation effects on fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin resistance among type II diabetic patients. In a clinical trial study, 60 male and female patients with type II diabetes mellitus (30 patients in control and 30 patients in treatment group) were selected in Tabriz city, during 1388. The intervention group received 1.5 g of cinnamon (as a capsule containing 500 mg powder, three times daily) for 60 days and control group received placebo. Blood samples obtained from patients to determine the levels of fasting blood glucose, the glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin, before and after cinnamon consumption. Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA score and data were expressed as Mean ± SD and analyzed statistically by Student t-test. p< 0.05 was considered as significant. After 60 days, the fasting blood glucose levels, the glycosylated hemoglobin and the insulin resistance decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to controls (p< 0.05). There was no significant change in the fasting blood glucose levels, the glycosylated hemoglobin and the insulin resistance in the control group at the end of 60 days. This study showed the consumption of cinnamon can be useful in the fasting blood glucose, the glycosylated hemoglobin and the insulin resistance control among type II diabetic patients.

Pre-eclampsia, as a idiopathic disease, is one of the most important causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Deficient or excessive level of trace elements can be considered as an unfavorable factor in pregnancy.The aim of this study was to evaluate copper status in pre-eclamptic women. 95 pre-eclamptic and 92 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in a case - control study. The sera and 24-hour urine copper of two groups were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were recorded and analyzed statistically by using t-test, X2, and pearson's correlation. Copper concentration of serum and 24-hour urine in pre-eclamptic patients were significantly higher than normotensive ones (p< 0.000). Intensity of pre-eclampsia did not correlate with copper concentration in the serum and 24-hour urine. The results suggest that the high level of copper in maternal serum and urine is in correlation with pre-eclampsia but pre-eclampsia intensity have not significant effects on copper levels. However, further studies would be helpful for this test to be used as a prognostic method for pre-eclampsia.

Breast cancer is one third of all kinds of cancers and the second reason of death in women. Prevention and screening can decrease affection and death rate. The aim of this study was to determine the breast cancer screening tests performance and affecting factors in women referred to Ardabil’s Health and Medical Centers in 2009. In this descriptive-analytic study, 300 women referring to Ardabil’s Health and Medical Centers were chosen by multistage sampling. The information was collected through the researcher-made questionnaire including two parts: Knowledge and Attitude questions and a form about demographical characteristics, family, social and economic factors, risk and women-midwifery factors. For analyzing the data, SPSS software version 16, and descriptive and deductive statistic tests were used. The percentage of screening tests including self-examination, clinical examination and mammography consequently were 4%, 4.7% and 3.7%. There was significant relationship between breast self-examination and education (p = 0.003), knowledge (p = 0/002) and attitude (p = 0.004). No significant difference was observed between insurance status and history of hormone therapy and breast cancer screening tests. In regard to the low rate of breast cancer screening conducted and determining the affecting factors, the appropriate educational programs and interventional research are emphasized.

Previous studies demonstrated that selected probiotic bacteria elicit beneficial effects in animals. Probiotic bacteria inhibit pathogens growth in the gut, improve lipid metabolism and activate immune system of animals. In the present study Enterococcus spp were isolated from Iranian traditional cheese and their effects on intestine pathogens (Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium) growth, serum lipids level and activation of immune systems in mice were studied. Iranian cheese samples were collected from Ardabil province. Enterococci spp were isolated using selective culture mediums and identified using API kites. Inhibitory effects of isolated Enterococci on growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and intestine pathogens (Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) were tested using agar well method. In order to study probiotic activities of isolated bacteria in live animals, NMRI mice were divided into different groups and Enterococci was administrated orally (1 ML/mouse) with doses equal to 2 (6×108 cfu/ml) 3 (9×108 cfu/ml) and 4 (12×108 cfu/ml) MacFarland standard for 2 weeks. After two weeks continues treatment, blood samples were collected from retroorbital sinus and serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL measured using enzymatic method. Interleukins (IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10) levels were measured using ELISA kites. Results of this study demonstrated that treatment with faecium species decreases serum cholesterol and increases serum IL-10 level, while it has not showed significant effects on serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, IL-2 and IL-6 (p< 0.05). Administration of faecalis species have no significant effects on lipid levels of serum (p< 0.05). Moreover, results revealed that treatment with faecalis species increased IL-6 and IL-10 (p< 0.05). None of the species affected pathogens growth significantly (p< 0.05). The results obtained from current study demonstrate that continues treatment with both species can affect immune functions of animal by altering the cytokines profile and treatment with faecium species decreases serum level of cholesterol.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous units. In sever forms it may lead to major scars on the face and trunk, and significant face and trunk scarring, and psychological disorders. Antiandrogen therapy can be used as a suitable and effective remedy for female acne. Furthermore, they can treat, accompanying androgenic problems. Also, there is no under consideration drug resistance against androgens. The aim of this study is to compare the therapeutic effects of flutamide and doxycycline in moderate acne in females. This current study is a randomized and blind evaluation trial. 62 female patients participated at this study. They were divided in two groups (case and control). Case group was received 250 mg/day flutamide, control group 100 mg/day doycycline. Both groups also received topical solution of clindamicin 1% twice daily. The length of study was six months.At first visit and the end of the second month of study liver function were tested for the case group patients. Evaluation of resolution in lesions was performed by another physician every two months of therapy. The probable side effects of drugs were recorded. Data were analyzed with SPSS16 software using statistical tests and p ≤ 0.05 considered as significant The mean of patients age was 19.27 ± 3.55 years, and the difference was not found to be statistically significant in two groups. Number of comdeons on face was found to be statistically decreased in flutamide group (p< 0.0001). Mean of ASI was found to be statistically decreased in flutamide group (p< 0.002). In flutamide group the levels of satisfaction was higher than that of other group. Both medications well tolerated by participiants. Only two patients in flutamide group had lightly elevated serum Alkalin phosphatase. The results of our study showed that flutamide (250 mg /day) is more effective than doxycycline (100 mg/day) in treatment of acne. Satisfaction of participants in flutamide group was higher than those in doxycycline group. In both groups side effects of drugs were insignificant, but using of flutamide in acne treatment needs laboratory considerations.

Leptin is a hormone secreted from adipocyte tissue with established role in the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. This hormone has major impact on fat metabolism. LIF is a pleiotropic cytokine with extensive hematopoietic, neuronal, and endocrine actions. LIF and IL-6 are leading to decreased level of leptin by activating signaling via their own receptors. Body mass index (BMI) has a direct connection with the leptin. It seems that Hb and HCT levels are also implicated in disease prognosis. This study was conducted to evaluate leptin, LIF and IL-6 serum levels and also to measure the amounts of BMI, Hb and HCT in lymphoid leukemia patients. The study was carried out on 30 leukemia patients (15 cases ALL and 15 cases CLL). Fifteen healthy subjects were considered as control. Serum levels of leptin, LIF and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. BMI was calculated by statistical formula. The amount of Hb and HCT were measured by cell counter. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Statistical differences between groups were assessed by t test, and p <0.05 was considered significant. Leptin serum level showed a decrease in ALL patients (p <0.002), but there was an increase in CLL patients when comparing with control group (p <0.003). BMI and serum levels of leptin, LIF and IL-6 were showed a significant decrease in ALL patients in comparison with control group (p <0.05). Although, LIF serum levels and BMI in CLL patients showed a decrease, a significant increase in leptin serum level was observed (p <0.05). A decrease in IL-6 level was also observed which was not significant. The relation between BMI and leptin serum level in ALL and CLL patients were not significant, nevertheless it was significant in control group (p <0.05). Hb and HCT levels in both ALL and CLL patients showed a significant decrease (p <0.05). Findings on serum levels of LIF, IL-6, Leptin, Hb and HCT and also its relations with BMI in ALL and CLL patients suggest that, these factors may have important role in physiopathology of lymphoid leukemia.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are the most important complications for cancer patients. Ginger is an effective herbal drug for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. It hasn’t any known side effects. In some countries, it is used for making of antiemetic drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ginger on the intensity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. This study is a randomized, cross-over, double – blinded, clinical trial that was done on 44 cancer patients undergone chemotherapy. In the first cycle of the study, patients were assigned by four block random allocation to receive one of the antiemetic regimens; regimen A (routine and 1gr ginger) and regimen B (routine and 1gr placebo). After 28 days, in the next cycle of chemotherapy, another regimen was administrated; A or B plus chemotherapy drugs., the severity of the nausea and vomiting was measured in 4h (1, 2, 3, 4) after second dose and at the end of the 24h after receiving the first dose by using VAS and kortila tools. The data were analyzed by independent student t - test and non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U test) by using SPSS, version 16 software. The results showed that the frequencies of nausea and vomiting in two regimen groups weren’t different, but nausea score was significantly decreased in ginger group, compared to placebo. Independent student t - test and Mann-Whitney U test also revealed a significant difference on nausea scores in 3rd and 24th hour post chemotherapy (p =0.06, p =0.01, respectively). In respect to low nausea score in ginger regimen, compared to placebo, it seems ginger using is a safe and simple method and it can be used as antiemetic drugs in patient undergoing chemotherapy

Thrombocytopeniais, defined as a platelet count of less than 150,000/L complicates 7 to 10% of all pregnancies. Etiology of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy may include a ranging from benign disorders such as gestational thrombocytopenia to life threatening syndromes such as the HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated liver Enzymes, Low Platelet count). The aim of this study was to evaluate frequency of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy among pregnantsrefered to Tonekabon health centers during 2009. In a cross-sectional study, 150 normal pregnants bearing third trimester and refered to Tonekabon health centers were selected by random simple sampling. Patients´ demographic information and history were obtaied and CBC (complete blood count) test was done. Those pregnants suffered from thrombocytopenia were refered to a hematologist for compeleting tests if needed. Data analysis was done by SPSS 11.5 and chi-square test and p <0.05 was considered as signifcant difference. The Prevalence of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy was 12.66% and the highest percent of thrombocytopenia (68%) was observed among nullipars. The cause of 95% of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy was gestational thrombocytopenia and 5% were due to ITP (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura). The pregnants who suffered from gestational thrombocytopenia didn’t have any problems and no need to treatment but those who had been experienced ITP, used venous immunoglobin during labor for treatment. Gestational thrombocytopenia is the most common cause of the thrombocytopenia in pregnancy and isn’t dangerous for mother and fetus. So, it is no need to be done any intervention.

Lipomas are common benign soft tissue neoplasms but they are found rarely in the parotid gland.Surgical intervention in these tumors is challenging because of the proximity of the facial nerve, and thus meticulous surgical techniques are essential. The patient was a 12-year-old female presented with a large asymptomatic mass which had occupied the right facial area. She requested surgical excision for cosmetic reasons. The CT scan defined giant lipoma arising from the right parotid gland. The lipoma was successfully removed after dissecting and preserving of the facial nerve branches. The patient experienced an uneventful recovery, with and intact facial nerve function.Lipomas of parotid gland are extremely rare. The high- resolution CT scan provides a prefer method of preoperative diagnosis. Surgical management should be performed by experienced surgeon. Superficial parotidectomy is unnecessary in selected cases of deep lobe lipomas because preservation of superficial lobe may contribute to better cosmetic results