فصلنامه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست
شماره 48 (1389)

In this project, it is attempted to help the optimization of weakest water (Emergency andimmediate refinery of waste water of Qom). Using the physiological characters of variousaquatic animals like, Partenogenetica (Newborn Artemia), Carassius auratus, Capoetaaculeate, Hypopholitrix thalmichthys (Phytophag), Gambusia affinis Bufu viridian,Ephemerophter, etc. In the administrative silages following the selection of suitable andnative aquatic animals of the province of this project, a dilution of 0% to 100% has beenprovided from the weakest water of the refinery at different time after a period of 15 days to algae growth different aquatic animals were set in this dilution individually Orin groups, in this treatments, aquatic animals behaviors and changes to weakest water parameters were measure and slated. Manual feeding the aquatic animal was effective in their growth and survival. It was finally fund that physical parameters like heat, light and etc affect our tests considerably. Among the tested aquatic animals, Carassius auratus, had the highest degree of survival in the weakest water of 100% and others aquatic animals like, Partenogenetica(Newborn Artemia), Gambusia affinis, Capoeta aculeate, Poecillia Latipinna (male), Poecillia Latipinna (female), Bufu viridian, Ephemerophter, fallow it. The effect of making weakest water transparent meant by the algae and various aquatic animal was observed in the first week of seeding fish in the weakest water. Browning algae weakest water increase the period of survival of various aquatic animals (Proportion to with the weakest water without algae). The results show that after potting aquatic animals in the weakest water including algae, the indices of dullness that is Bod and Cod were dropped sharply. The fall of Bod and Cod showed aquatic animal fast use of materials left form the biological analyses of waste water. After three days, most of analyzable organic substantiates in the environment were used by aquatic animal so that the weakest water was cleared it was easily seen through.

The petroleum refinery sludge is important source of environmental pollution. Burning andburying of this sludge may cause adverse effects on environment and human health. Thusother mechanisms for decreasing the toxic effects of these hydrocarbon substances must be suggested. So that application of new technology such as phytoremediation in soils can be suggested for degradation and remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. In this study, Isfahan refinery complex sludge was dewatered and air dried then mixed by 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% w/w ratio with soil. The different mixtures of soils and sludge land farmed each 3 days for 21 days and irrigated daily to the field capacity. In the phytoremediation experiment ten varities of bermudagrass were planted in 3 kilogram pots containing contaminated soils. Finally, yield and the decrease percent of total petroleum hydrocarbons of ten varities of bermudagrass were determined. Results showed that with increase percent of contamination foliage dryweight reduced. Also, with increase percent of contamination from 10 to 20 percent root dry weight increased, but reduced in higher percent of contaminations. Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil with 320018-4 was greater than the others.

Distribution of Iranian Striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) were studied in Khojir National Park, located in southwest of Tehran, based on 22 field trips and 110 hours of field observations from December 2001 to June 2003. The park is 9971 ha in size and was divided into 3 sections for observations using signs as scats, tracks, carcasses and dens. Altogether, 8 hyaenas were observed and 16 signs noted. Hyaenas were more concentrated in southern and southwest parts of the park. Human related factors that influenced distribution of hyaenas were accounted for.

ISO14001:2004 standard an active and effective element in city management system canimproved function of municipality’s environment. It can be constant environment’smanagement. Despite many benefits of this system in municipality, maintaining is a greatpart that the function of municipality’s environment dependant on it. In this survey, to design a model for evaluation municipality’s environment’s function in order to keep this standard, multiple criteria’s evaluation was used. In first step, by studding texts and investigations that have done in this aspect and also interviewing with consulters and auditors of ISO14001:2004 standard in certification body, 13 criteria’s evaluation extracted by analyze the data in software invivo8 and by Analytical Hierarchy Process procedure (AHP) criteria were weighted. The end for preparing a model, weighted linear combination procedure was used. Then by obtained model on 7 region municipal in Tehran in 1387 that could be achieved ISO14001 Standard certification were done. Results show that the function of this municipality in maintaining this management system isn’t very rich and acting weakly. In this survey, it was proposed for improving environmental function of municipality, keeping of this standard in municipality could be considered.

Phrynocephalus persicus is a lizard of Agamidae family that is dispersed in Iran plateau and Caucasus region. Distribution of this species is bounded at the west of Iran plateau. During the study of lizard fauna of Zanjan province that was done from the beginning of the year 1385 in the whole province, one specimen of this species was tacked, that show distribution of this species is prolonged to north-western mountain of Iran. Although presence of Phrynocephalus persicus in mentioned area is confirmed, but it's abundance and habitat conditions are anxious.

It seems that one of the main environmental problems of refineries in our country is the air pollution. As these refineries have a significant role in causing air pollution in theirsurrounding environment and also other nearby cities by transmitting different kinds of gaspollutants, conducting of the present study looks to be of high significance. In this study the main air pollutants emitted from oil refinery of Shiraz was evaluated on monthly basis for six months covering a distance of 25km. Moreover the measurement of the pollutants was done monthly in a six months in 15 fixed stations. Subsequently, through modeling of the distribution of pollutants by using screen3 software, it was made clear that up to witch extent the refinery is involved in air pollution of the city. The results illustrate that in general the average density of pollutants in the area under study is lower than national standards.

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