مجله دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی رازی کرمان
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 19، بهار و تابستان 1389)

Cigarette smoking is one important worldwide healthily dilemma, especially in students of universities. Hence identification of tendency factors is very effective in order to prevention of tobacco consumption. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of tendency to cigarette smoking and its reasons among universities students. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 460 male students responded to researcher made questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and SPSS software. 52/8% of students were experienced cigarette smoking and 12/1% (n = 56) were permanent smokers, 54/4% initiated at under 20 age for cigarette smoking. important factors with tendency to cigarette smoking were: suggestion of others, to acquire experience and comfortable, encourage of friends and others, bigness sense and beauty, and obstinacy against parents. cigarette smoking rate among students of present study was lower than other studying, but in attention to 52/8% them were experienced cigarette smoking and average age of onset smoking was under 20 age, hence, we recommended educational programs for adolescents, having relationship with perfect persons, to select suitable patterns from no smoking behaviors, comfortable facilities, and consultation to students in order to decrease prevalence of smoking.

The lack of enough oral care can expose patients to the risk of infection. Ventilator associated pneumonia is a nosocomial infection that is associated with aspiration of oropharyngeal content through passage around endotracheal tube. However, there are several oral care protocols and the association between poor oral hygiene and nosocomial infection has been showed, there is a little information about oral care procedures in intensive care units. To describe the relationship between knowledge about ventilator associated pneumonia and prioritization of oral care In Kerman University of Medical Sciences hospitals ICUs. In this descriptive analytical study, intensive care nurse’s knowledge about Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, prioritizes of oral care and using evidence based methods for oral care of 131 nurses were surveyed by questionnaire. Chi-square, fisher exact test, T-test, ANOVA, Man-Whitney U and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to analysis the data. 45.6 percent of participants have used evidence based methods for oral care. The mean score of knowledge about ventilator associated pneumonia transmission was 9. 92±3. 76. There was significant relationship between using evidence based oral care methods and type of hospital with knowledge about ventilator associated pneumonia. There was also significant relationship between oral care methods with past learning about oral care and type of learning. The relationship between priority of oral care and knowledge about oral care methods was significant. The results of this study showed that having knowledge about ventilator associated pneumonia is related with more prioritization to oral care and using evidence based oral care methods.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects different body organs and causes extensive and serious damage to the connective tissues, blood vessels and membranes. In addition to numerous Clinical complications, psychosocial, social, and economical disabilities also follow. The present study describes psychological and emotional outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. This study has a qualitative (phenomenological) approach. A purposive Sampling of 10 Patients who had been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and who had referred to rheumatology clinic in Bandar Abbas and been approved for research Were conducted through in- depth interview by open- ended unstructured questions and collyzi utilized for data analyses. The extracted interviews were analyzed for the conceptual codes and codes then were transformed to the original concept of "mental emotional consequences" which include subcategories concepts such as mood and emotional reactions, cognitive disorders, incorrect diagnosis and subjective image impairment. This study indicates that these patients have a wide range of problems in different aspects of mental and emotional life, so the study results can provide suggestions for treatment and care of patients with lupus and other diseases that bring forth disabling, chronic and non-curable problems by providing nurses, doctors and all those who somehow are associated with this disease. So that each patient's care requires a unique opinion and since most clients are young women, in addition to maturity and physical needs of patients, mental and emotional problems must also be taken into consideration. And, if necessary, consultations from psychologists and psychiatrics can be used to facilitate the healing process.

Critical thinking skill is one of the components of clinical decision making and criteria for clinical competency of nursing professionals and students and also valuable factor to develop nursing professional autonomy. In attention to unsuitable results of prior researches and importance of critical thinking ability in nursing and effect of culture on it, further studies about critical thinking skill ability in nursing students are needed. This study was carried out to determine of critical thinking skills ability among senior nursing students in Sabzevar University of medical science. This research is a descriptive study. 35 subjects were selected by simple sampling from senior nursing students (7th & 8th semester). Data were collected by questionnaire in two parts: demographic variables and B form California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST). After approval ethical and explain necessity of survey, questionnaires distributed among Sabzevar University of medical science nursing students. The data were analyzed by SPSS17. Average of critical thinking skills score was 10. 49±2. 60 with maximum 15 and minimum 5. Also, all participants (100%) had poor critical thinking skills. There were significant differences between variant domains of critical thinking skills (p<0.001). There were no significant statistical relationship among prior semesters average scores and critical thinking skills scores (r=0.02) and students age and critical thinking skills scores(r= 0.06). Critical thinking ability in all participants was weak and no one achieve to minimum critical thinking score. Hence we must train students with high critical thinking skills ability in twentieth century; and this topic must be put in colleges’ curriculum

Nowadays, in spite of the scientific advances in diagnosis and treatment of mental diseases, provision of psychological and psychiatric services to public often are encountering to some difficulties because negative and stereotypic approaches. Hence, determination of attitude on mental disorders is very important and modifying the attitudes is one of the main aims in this domain. This study was performed to determination of the attitude of Kerman medical sciences students about mental diseases in 2009. In this cross–sectional descriptive study, 3400 students in Kerman university of medical sciences were participated through census route. For data collecting, questionnaire of evaluating the attitude toward mental diseases was used. This questionnaire consists of two parts: demographic variables and questions about attitude on mental diseases. For evaluating the reliability of questions, alpha -Chronbach was calculated and high coefficient was obtained (0/691). Data analysis was done by using the factor analysis method of questions in which all questions in one factor (by considering the indexes of kmo. bartlett) were added. The Data were analyzed by ANOVA and T-tests. The results showed that most students had a positive and realistic attitude toward the mental patients. there was a significant difference between the attitude with the demographic variables such as age, sex, marital status and academic discipline. On the other hand, medicine and nursing groups had the more positive attitude other than majors (p<0/001). Also, there was negative relationship between age and attitude (p<0/29). Based on the findings of this study and by considering the attitude score of all medical sciences students, especially medicine and nursing groups who are often dealing with mental patients. Hence, medical students are playing an important role in mental health centers and their attitude toward these people will affect the attitude of people in the society, therefore learning the clinical courses in all majors relevant to the medical sciences not only plays an important role in the students but also in the society.

In view of the direct effect of the working methods on the quality of data in the laboratory, quality control of data and results of the Biochemistry Ward of the Laboratory includes taking into account all the factors and variables relating to all the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical steps at this ward. The objective of this study is to examine the quality control of data and results of the biochemistry wards of some laboratories. In a descriptive research, 40 biochemistry wards of the laboratories of universities of medical sciences and health services in the city of Tehran were examined. Data were collected by observation and asking questions. The data collection tool was checklists and questionnaires. By checklist activities and procedures and 33 effective factors were examined in the pre-analytical step; 18 effective factors were examined in the analytical step and 8 effective factors in post-analytical step. Data from questions and observations were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and by determining the absolute and relative frequencies. On average, the checklist findings show that, in the biochemistry wards in all studied hospital laboratories, 58, 68 and 87 percent of the factors, respectively, affecting the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical data and results are taken into consideration. The present research showed that, by comparing the findings obtained using the two tools, it can be found out that the findings do not match each other in certain factors and that the amount of findings obtained from the questionnaire is more than the findings obtained from the checklist. For example, there is no enough attention paid to other factors in pre-analytical step (Preparing the patient; Paying attention to the physiological changes of the patient’s body; etc.), analytical step (availability of written guidelines for performing certain work where the samples are analyzed; Calibrating the instruments according to the standard program; etc.) and post-analytical step (precision in recording distinguishing features in real values).\

In spite of the fact that people are increasingly interested in complementary medicine and therapeutic touch, we still need further investigation to prove the advantages and mechanism of their effect on patients. This single blind-randomized two-group clinical trial carried out to determine the effect of the therapeutic touch on preoperative anxiety. This study was performed in Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar abbas city in 2004. 46 subjects consist of the women 18-70 years aged, were selected based on the repeated measure Mixed Design and were divided into two groups, (experimental and control). The patients’ anxiety was assessed at night before the operation, before and after the introducing of the real therapeutic touch in experimental group and unreal therapeutic touch in control group, using interview and Beck Anxiety Questionnaire. Then data were analyzed using SPSS 11. 5 and the repeated measure Mixed Design. The average differences of scores of both groups before and after the interference of therapeutic touch were compared. The factor of time and the type of interference had interaction with each other. Therefore, the results were interpreted, using only independent t-test. Significant reduction of anxiety (p v<0. 001) was observed in experimental group compared to control one. It means that in experimental group, anxiety level reduced more than control group. Therapeutic touch can affect on decrease of preoperative anxiety. Hence we recommended introducing a course in therapeutic touch for the nursing students so that they can use it in their nursing practice.

Nursing process as central core in nursing is a way to achieve critical thinking, analysis of patient care problems and correct and timely decision making. If this process to run well, can be cause access to a comprehensive and complete care based on scientific essentials. Staff nurses that use nursing process through a logical and systematic method deliver appropriate and effective plan of nursing actions by nursing team, which resulted achieve the best results for patients. The purpose of this study was to determine application barriers of nursing process from perspectives of nursing managers and interns in Kerman University of Medical Sciences.. This descriptive study carried out on all nursing managers (n=67) and interns (n=41) through census sampling. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire including 6-point Likert 20 items related to 3 domains: cultural, executive and knowledge skill obstacles. Tool validity measured by content and face validity. For reliability, test- retest was used (r=. /79). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square tests through SPSS software. The results showed majority of students were female (75%), single (70%) with mean age 22_+1 and managers were female(89/6%), married(86/6%) and mean age 42+_4/3.and 70/1% were head nurse, 20/9% supervisor and 6% matron. the Most barriers from viewpoint both group were executive barriers(75%) and the lowest barriers were knowledge barriers. There was between position of managers and score of barriers significant relationship (p <0/05). In spite of advantages and benefits of this method in clinical nursing practices, unfortunately nursing process was remained in theoretical courses and nurses work traditionally. It is hope research results for development of nursing staff using this method to help in the care of patients.