نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 12 (پاییز 1389)

One of the serious complications of labor induction in cows and heifers reducing the reproductive efficiency of these animals (1, 8, and 10) is retained placenta after delivery. This study was conducted in a dairy cattle industry located in West Azerbaijan. The experiment was conducted on 100 pregnant heifers which their induction of labor was being carried out by prostaglandin and dexamethasone. Obtaining the exact results in this study, 40 out of 100 heifers were selected and divided into two groups. Each group containing 20 heifers were injected by prostaglandin and oxytocin intramuscularly to experience the disposal of fetal membranes. The dose for each shot of prostaglandin and oxytocin was respectively 750 μg / ml ((3 cc), and 100 IU (10cc). It is also important to note that each group was divided into two subgroups of 10 cows. This sub-classification was done based on the sex of newborn calves. Using Nonparametric Correlations statistical methods, collected data were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the time for disposal of fetal membranes was significantly reduced in postpartum heifers that received prostaglandin in comparison with the heifers that were injected by oxytocin. Also, the time for placenta disposal has decreased in heifers that have given birth to male calves and received postpartum prostaglandin rather than heifers that have given birth to female calves and received oxytocin injection after delivery.

This survey investigates the morpho-histological features of Kurd sheep. So, 40 foetal and 10 adult ovaries were obtained from slaughtered Kurd sheep in Kurdistan abattoir. Crown rump length method used to determine the ages of the adult ewes while the age of foetuses were determined by dentition method. The foetal and adult ovaries were divided into five different groups using specific age intervals as gestation day as follows: (GD) 50–65, 66–95, 96–125 and 126–145, as well as adult sheep. The ovaries were fixed, processed and routinely stained with H&E for histological studies. The ovarian follicles were classified into 5 types according to granulosa cell layers surrounding the oocytes. The number of ovarian follicles per microscopic field was determined for each group at 400× magnification. Grossly, the foetal ovaries were like pin head, oval in shape, uniformly smooth and creamy in color. The adult ovaries had follicles with different sizes. The adult mean ovarian weights were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those of the foetuses. Microscopically, the GD 50–65 ovaries had no distinct cortex and medulla. Oogonia were numerous among other stromal cells toward the periphery of the ovary. By GD 66–95 the ovaries contained types 1, 1a, 2 and 3 follicles. GD 96–125 ovaries contained type 4 and type 5 follicles with early antrum formation and those of GD126–145 comprised type 5 among other follicles. The adult ovaries comprised all the ovarian follicle types. The number of type 1 follicles increased significantly (P < 0.01) with foetal age while It was the least in the adults.

Although traditional selection for phenotypic values of broiler chickens has made significant improvements in growth rates and meat yields during the past half century, poultry geneticists face additional challenges today, and this is mainly because of negative correlations between production and fitness traits. Accompanying selection for rapid growth, meat-type birds exhibit an increase in physiological disorders. Production performance and fitness traits are negatively correlated in the chicken. Multi-trait selection to improve fitness traits and increase production performance simultaneously is difficult to achieve by using only direct phenotype selection. Molecular marker-assisted selection may be required to increase selection efficiency and make further improvements in productionperformance. The current study was designed to investigate the associations of AFABP gene polymorphism on chicken growth and body composition traits. So, using PCR-RFLP method, genomic DNAs were extracted from 400 chickens from four different commercial broiler lines. The Taq1 restriction site in exon 1 of A-FABP gene was studied. In addition, the results of PCR-RFLP were verified by DNA sequencing. The comparison of least square means of different genotypes indicated that polymorphism in A-FABP gene was not significant associations (P>0.05) with growth and body composition traits. This research suggests that A-FABP gene could not be a candidate gene that can have an effect on growth and body composition traits in Iranian commercial broiler lines.

In the present study helminth infections of 3 out of 17 species of wild birds in the family alaudidae of Iran, were studied. Sixty nine crested larks (Galerida cristata), 62 sky larks (Alauda arvensis) and 20 lesser short-toed larks (Calandrella rufescens) were collected from Golestan Province, north of Iran. At necropsy, internal organs were searched for helminthes. Alimentary tract and air sac were the only two infected organs. Nematodes were preserved in 75% alcohol containing 5% glycerin and were cleared in lactophenol for identification to the species. Cestodes and acanthocephalans were identified after staining with alum acetocarmine an haematoxylin respectively and mounted in Canada balsam. The prevalence of helminth infections in crested larks, sky larks and lesser short- toed larks were as follow respectively: Diplotriaena sokolowi: 1.44%, 8.6% and 0%, Raillietinagallietina: 11.44%, 1.61% and 5%, Anonchotaenia globata: 1.44%, 17.74% and 15%,Passerelpis sp.: 1.44%, 0% and 0%, Mediorynchus macranthus: 4.34%, Passerelpissp.: 4.83 and 0%. Among three species examined, sky lark was the most infected

رSince the present study aims at determining the diet and food preference of false trevalley (Lactarius lactarius) in coastal waters of the Oman Sea, the study was carried out from November 2007 to October 2008 in this area. To do so, 702 false trevally specimens were collected randomly. The result showed that fish were feed primarily on teleosts and crustacean, consisting of 57. 9 and 40. 2 percent respectively. Although, the other food stuff such as worms, mollusca and sea grass were found in small quantities. The relative gut length of fish, which was less than one, revealed that the species are carnivorous fish. Teleosts and crustacean with 92. 0 and 63. 9 percent were the main food stuff. Feeding intensity and CV were in steady level in the reproduction and spawning periods, but increased after spawning. The condition factor in male and female was in the maximum level of 1/20±0/011 and1/21±0/011 in November while decreased by developing of gonads. The minimum condition factor for females was estimated 1. 15±0. 015 in June while it was 1. 14±0. 013 for males in July.

The Effects of Thymus vulgaris extract on growth performance parameters of broiler chicken are investigated in this study. Three hundred day-old male chicks, Ross 308, were randomly distributed into two groups named group A, a treatment group, and group B which is a control group with 3 replicates (50 birds per pen). Then, Chicks were raised for 7 weeks. Each of the two groups was supplied with diets and water. Twenty percent extract of Thymus vulgaris was administrated to chickens’ drinking water 12 hours a day with dose of 200cc/1000 liter. This was continued from day 10 till chicks were sent to slaughter house. Chickens of two groups weighted weekly and food consumption and Feed Conversion Ratio were calculated. At the end of experiment total mortalities, total consumed food and feed conversion ratio in treatment group (A) were significantly (p<0.05) lower than control group (B) while mean body weight in chickens of group A was significantly (p<0.05) higher than control (B) group. Comparing food consumption and feed conversion ratio in two groups showed significant differences (p<0.05); although, the above mentioned factors in treatment group was lower than control group. Results ofthis study showed the value of Thymus vulgaris in improving growth performance parameters and reducing mortalities.

The result of the present study shows that the effects of using the three acariedes (Apistan, Bayvarol and Check-Mite) are different. The difference between the effects of these acariedes is due to the difference in their effective material. Check-Mite in all tests proved its effectiveness in comparison with the other acariedes. One can not be sure about the result of the study concerning to the resistance of all mites against the effect of Flovalinat (Piretroid). And, the resistance of some of them against Flovalinat can be due to the different origins of the different varieties of mites. Because of the long use of Apistan, some of the mites may be carried over from other places by non- native male bees. With regarding to the result of this study and the probable resistance of some of the mites against long use of Piretroid, the use of different acarieds like Check-Mite for a short period of time is recommended

Salmonellosis is an infectious disease in all animals species caused by a number of different species of Salmonellae and manifested clinically by pre-acute septicemia or enteritis. Several recent investigations suggested that some probiotics such as Saccharomayces boulardii can restrain multiplicity of enteropathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella invitro and it is possible to prevent pathological changes caused by Salmonellae invivo.This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on liver pathologic lesions of Salmonella typhimurium in rats. Conducting the study, thirty male rats were divided into three groups (A,B,C). Rats in group B and C received 1 ml of saline contained 107 and 108 CFU of Saccharomyces boulardii orally for 5 days. Respectively animals in group A (as control) received only 1 ml normal saline. On day five, all animals were challenged orally with 107 Salmonella typhimurium. On day 10, first, all rats challenged with bacterium, and then they were euthanized. Specimens of liver were fixed in 10%buffered formalin solution for histological examinations and translated to pathologic laboratory. The results of liver histopathologic examinations were investigated by fisher exact test and showed areas of focal necrosis in 6 control rats compared withrats in experiment groups that didn’t show any marked pathological changes in their livers. The results of this study indicate that Sacharomyces boulardii has protective effects on Salmonella typhimurium infection in rat and histological examinations confirm the obtained results.

Ticks are one of the most serious pests in animal husbandry and they can transmit various disease. Of the serious transmitted disease by the ticks theilerioses and babesioses are very widespread in our studied area. Thus, this study was conducted on sheep ticks species diversity in Mahabad slaughter house to obtain epidemiological important aspects of sheep disease transmitted by ticks in this area. Based on the obtained results in this study, the species diversity of ticks found were as follows: Hyalomma anatolicom anatolicom, Hyalomma anatolicom excavatum, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguinus and Haemaphysalis punctata. Hyalomma anatolicom anatolicom is the most frequent tick which is about 181 out of 634, taking 28.5% of the whole, and is responsible for the highest infection rate. The least infection rate belonged to Haemaphysalis punctata with only 56 ticks out of 634, which is taking only 8.8% of the whole. 164 ticks belonged to Hyalomma anatolicom anatolicom, Rhipicephalus bursa species, taking 25.8%. 136 ticks belonged to Hyalomma anatolicom excavatum, comprising 21.4%. Other 97 ticks belonged to Rhipicephalus sanguinus species including 15.2%

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus is of public health importance in Iran and other countries. Diagnosis relies primarily on the interpretation of results taken from both radiological imaging techniques and immunodiagnosis. However, clinical symptoms do not emerge until the larval cyst structure of the parasite has reached a certain size During this time, immunodiagnosis has also proved effective and can conveniently be used to diagnose the disease in asymptomatic high risk populations. Various serological tests have been used to detect antibodies or antigens. Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA), indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), Counter immunoelectrophorese (CIEP), Latex agglutination test (LAT), Western blotting (WB), Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Dot-ELISA and … are common in human medicine. But, source of antigens and used methods have affects on diagnosing the disease. In addition, various strains of hydatid cyst often differ inbiological characteristics which can influence the epidemiology of hydatidosis and measures taken to diagnose, treat and control the disease. The aim of the present study is to apply and evaluate the different methods in the diagnosis of hydatid cyst infection.

Carbamazepin is a tri-cyclic agent that is used for treatment of seizure in animals. Most physicians and veterinarians use this drug to control tonic-colonic generalized seizures. Also, it has cardio toxic and idiosyncratic adverse reactions in human. Some reports indicate carbamazepin induce sinoatrial and atrioventriclar dysfunction. Although carbamazepin is very usefull in both human and animals, there is no existing previous survey studying electrocardiogram affects of carbamazepin in cats. So, we decided to study the cardiac affect of this drug in cats. We gathered 8 Domestic short haired male cats, and examined them for ruling out of any cardiac or other systems dysfunction. Then, cats were administered with 25mg carbamazepin, and their electrocardiograms in lead II were recorded before drug administration and 4 and 8 hours after. Analyzing data with t test, we didnt find any significant changes in electro cardiogram parameters and no potential arrhythmic signs were detected after carbamazepin administration. We concluded that this dose of carbamazepin can be safe for cat because no arrythmogenic phenomenon was not induced by this drug and it can be noted that carbamazepin is very useful in modulating animal tempers.