نشریه راهبرد توسعه
سال ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 24، زمستان 1389)

Study of Social Status of the elite and political figures is the important issues in the field of political sociology. Importance of this issue it is for, the study of the social Status of political figures can build political power and social status and political elite men realized the community. Since the political figures of the effective forces are considered in policy making, it is more important. Through study, age, education and science scores, occupation, income sources etc. we could social Status of individuals examined.This paper analyzed using descriptive information of the Council of Ministers such as age, occupation, … is planning, social Status cabinet of the Islamic Republic of Iran between 1979- 2009 and examine the results in relation to social Status dignitaries and political elite-level ministerial delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran achieve. Research data suggests it is, the social Status of the Iranian Council of Ministers between 1979- 2009 belongs to middle class has been. The social base cabinet by three Iranian presidents (Hashemi Rafsanjani, Mohammad Khatami, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad) in terms of social indicators and statistics related to database figures about each of these criteria together has been the difference.

Every organizations want materials, tools and so on from other organizations to responding their needs, and any organization’s work is under effected by other organizations that made it’s supply chain. at this article the way of selecting better strategy for supply chain, in order to appropriate management of supply chain is introduced. Then the alliance of business strategy and supply chain strategy by the coordination of three aspects, goals of supply chain, processes of supply chain and management focus on supply chain’s functions are described. and at the end for a case study, the process of selecting an appropriate strategy for supply chain in the Bahman motor group is analyzed and contingency assistance are introduced.

We focus on theorical and empirical relation between Brain Drain and the variables of Iran’s macroeconomic during 1342-1386. We use Brain Drain’s data from Iran to G7 countries. The analyses results, under the new brain drain literature, show that brain drain makes Iran’s macroeconomic affect by human capital, FDI, trade and remittances. Moreover, the reason of push effect in migration of human capital and the negative effect of Brain Drain on variables of Iran’s macroeconomic is no efficiency in R&D and human capital markets.

Nowadays, economy of every country is an important parameter to identify the location of it in the international level and this parameter is influenced by many factors. One of these factors is financial policies that effect on economy as making changes in government spending and labor work tax (The cost channel) by effectiveness of the efficiency fixed and flexible exchange rate (The exchange rate channel). This study investigates the effect of financial policies on economies of five countries: Iran, Turkey, Singapour, Maliyzia, Pakistan between 1969-2004. These countries have fixed exchange rate between 1960-1970 and have flexible exchange rate since 1970, so their economies have been influenced of flexible exchange rate. In this study, according to kind of exchange rate of these countries, we have tried to introduced the tax labor work and government wage spending are as effect factors on their economic important trend. The results indicate that tax on labor work under flexible exchange rate have been positive effect on employment level and real production wage and only by flexible exchange rate, the effectiveness is signification..On the other have, performing of government wage spending depends on the kind of dependent variable and exchange will have been the different impact.

Science and technology are vital in today's world and most countries in the world of competitive weapons are now day by day ads to their importance. Knowledge to help people better recognizes the world around them and changes them to the technology resources available for enabling better use. Science today is not only based on technology, but addition; new knowledge is inherently desire to technology, so your character will visualization technology and its evolution is dependent upon being a tool. Science and technology requires the development of science without technology is impossible. Development of science and technology in the country, the result is that the interaction between different institutions in one large system communicates with each other.Today, various innovative and different ways to the rural environment have found that information and communication technology can be considered, including the Innovation Game. The purpose of this article reviews the role and status and impact of information and communication technology in rural development is. Levels of rural information and communication technology, and health in developing electronic commerce and e-learning and entertainment, and electronic government and electronic hearing, is effective. To develop information and communication technologies in the gold surface should build rural infrastructure such as legal, business, cultural, security, technical and communication to create. But information and communication technology also faced with the damage that is for example: the digital gap (gap between urban and rural areas, access gap between rich and poor and access gap between men and women of different ages and society) and be expensive.

Strategic human resource management is the conjunction of human resource management & Strategic management (long / medium & short term objectives) for development of performance & productivity in systematic manner that lead to flexibility and creativity in organization. Strategic human resource management try to mix the training & development & job career together for effective grow of personal / group & organizations in effective manner.Therefore the main end of Strategic human resource management is create strategic ability with suitable (creative / expert & motivative) personal’s. methods of research is librarial (conceptual) method.

This article investigates the economic advantages of using coal as an alternative type of fuel over other types of fossil fuels such as natural gas at the power plant in Iran. Use of coal to produce electricity at the power plant in Iran will provide an opportunity for the country to invest and develop its other types of energy such as nuclear energy and new energy. Use of coal to produce electricity at the power plants across the country will make it possible to prolong the life of our oil and natural gas resources and convert those resources to petroleum products which carry added value. Use of coal instead of other types of fuel will make it possible to fill part of electricity shortage in the country and create jobs and economic prosperity at the places such as Tabas, with abundant reserves of coal mines.This research intends to evaluate the economic impacts of using coal, as an alternative type of fuel, to produce electricity, at the power plants across the country to compensate electricity shortage with minimum environmental effects. Other objective of this research is to prove that use of coal to produce electricity is economical by comparing finished price of produced electricity by coal and other types of fuel such as natural gas, steam or combined cycle. Methodology is to use method of Levelized Cost of Electricity which is customary to use for calculating finished price of electricity in Iran. Consequently, the price for each KWH (Kilowatt hour) or MWH (Megawatt hour) electricity produced by coal is compared to the one produced by natural gas, steam or combined types of fuel.

Due to the global economy strong dependence on fossil resources, the critical question is how long the fossil resources and in particular petroleum, can provide the energy growing demand of global economy. Based on US historical experience of petroleum production and also Hubbert peak theory, energy institutions and experts tried to estimate and predict the time of world maximum petroleum production. These estimations according to some factors such as the growth of energy demand in the world, the amount of conventional and unconventional reservoirs, petroleum extraction technologies, the increasing trend of world petroleum price, etc. In addition to review the historical concept of peak oil, this paper tries to analyze different opinions and reports in this field, compare them and examine their strengths and weaknesses.Finally, this paper examines the impacts of main factors on peak oil and the solutions to postpone it and also investigate the actions against peak oil consequences on the global economy during its occurring.

Oil is the most political commodity in the world. Countries require energy for the purpose of gaining access to higher level of development that development is impossible without utilizing energy. Oil is one of the most significant kinds of energy. It has been made in special condition of geology and it exists in some sections of the world, although the entire world needs that. On the other hand the sections that have a greatest need to the oil consumption have a little reserve. So these countries will try to provide (supply) the energy supply security. America is the biggest consumer of worldwide oil. So in the middle of countries, America will do greatest effort for providing self-energy supply security on the way that we can call the strategy of this country, strategy of domination over worldwide oil. This country have used all his potential like IOC, satellite state, war, formation of international institution, sanction and etc on this way.In this article has been noticed to dependence of America on oil and domination of this country over worldwide oil. Because the neighborhoods have so much ability in this market, this paper has talked about two countries: Saudi Arabia and Iraq. We have explained the politic of America for domination over oil of region. In the final part, Iran has been paid attention. Using weapon of energy is the way of strike to Islamic republic system. If present process continue and not complicated master strategy of energy in the country cock of definite strategy of energy, it will be converting into a weakness for country- although it (master strategy of energy) could lead to the wining card of Islamic republic in international equations.

With attention to this fact that participation in performance is not a new matter and the human need co-operation and co-working in all aspects. in our country with attention to the development of management science and settlement of new management in organizations and institutes، the participation concept in todays management is under of intensive attention. in general we can say that one of the basic ways of administration development is participative management. talking about participative management without attention to suggestion system is a difficult work، because the easiest tool to reach the participative management is suggestion system. in this article we have efforted to discuss the difinition،goals،styles and ways to participative management and sharing aspects in islam،then suggestion system be surveyed as the best way to reach the participation from different views. these would include the suggestion system definition،philosophy،practical fields and its executive goals،suggestion system structure،history of suggestion system in the world and iran،its legal field in government section and the risks of its settlement in iran.