فصلنامه سالمند
پیاپی 18 (زمستان 1389)

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalent of Fecal OutletObstruction (FOO) and associated risk factors in women aged 40 and older. In this cross sectional study, a total of 800 women wererandomly selected via cluster sampling among residents of area zone 17 of Tehranand were interviewed at home. Data was analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher exacttests. Prevalence for FOO cases was mild 36. 5% (95% CI, 33–39%), medium8%(95% CI, 6–10%) and acute 0. 5% (95% CI, 0. 01–0. 9%) which was onlyassociated with age increase (p=0. 006). There is a significant relationship betweenphysical activity and morbidity of FOO (P=0. 004). FOO was associated withdepressive and anxiety disorders, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes, chroniccough, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (P<0. 005). This study underscores the prevalence rate of FOO symptoms and its underlying factors. It also considers lack of knowledge about this hidden epidemicproblem and its protective factors among women in Iranian community; andrecommends further research to determine effective strategies for prevention,education, screening and early treatment to promote women's health and quality oflife.

The main goal of this studywas to determine the ability of elderly adults to selectively allocate attentional demands on walking during secondary motor andcognitive tasks. in this prospective three factors mixed design, 33 elderlyadultswithout a history of falls and 23 elderly adults with a history of falls wereasked to performtimed up and go test (TUG), either alone or simultaneously withsecondary cognitive (backward days of week) or motor (transferring coins) tasksunder two instructional sets (a) focus primarily on the primary postural task (b)focus primarily on the secondary motor or cognitive tasks. Time and number ofsteps on TUG, cognitive and motor tasks score were videotaped. demographics,kolmogorove-smirnov, independent t-test, two way and three way mixed ANOVAwere used for analyzing data. using three way ANOVA to compare performance of elderly adults withand without a history of falls to measure the flexibility of allocation of attention, results showed both groups had ability to allocate attention toward primary posturaltask and non-fallers represented better attention of allocation than fallers. whenparticipants perform secondary motor task, time of TUG increased compared tocognitive task. our study confirmed thw ability to allocate attention toward theprimary task but non-fallers have more attention than fallers. it is suggested thatinability to allocate attention could be one important factor among others thatcontribute to balance constraints during gait in fallers. elderly adults sacrificeperformance on the secondary task in order to optimize their gait and balance.

The purpose of current semi-experimental study was a survey on effect of 16 week walking on psychosocial functioning related to quality of life among 60to 75 years old men. For this reason, short form of health-related quality of lifequestionnaire (SF-36) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) had been distributed tothe subjects at 2 times of pre-test and posttest. Statistical sample of current studywas 60 to 75 years old men who placed at Kahrizak house and assessed byconsidering physically and medical background. Also factors of entrance to theintervention like age range, satisfaction and intention to participate in walkingprogram, no history of diabetic, cardiovascular, Parkinsonism diseases and postural,neurological, musculoskeletal disorders, lack of having clinical background likevisual disorders or disordering on equilibrium system, lack of motor limitation, footprint disorders, having surgery and mental health had been determined and assessed.Finally after primary studies, 80 person selected and categorized accidentally to the3 experimental group (1, 2, 3 sessions per week, 30 min walking with moderateintension at every sessions) and one control group (without physical activity inperiod of 16 week). Data analyzed by employing ANOVA, Pearson coefficient andscheffe post-hoc tests at the significance level of P< 0.05. Results showed that psychosocial functioning of men with 60 to 75 years old increase by influence of 16 week walking and increase of exercise sessions leadto more effectiveness of walking. Also there was no significant different betweenpsychosocial functioning of subjects within 1 session and 3 sessions experimentalgroups (p>0. 05). On the basis of results, we can say that doing regular walking withefficient and standard dosage for elderly people, can increase their quality of life.Furthermore designing and action operating regular walking program for elderlymen on the basis of special, logical and systematic pattern under the supervision ofaware coaches have been recommended on the basis of results.

Falling in the elderly is common and dynamic balance has direct effecton it. Therefore, we decided to study the effect of functional training on dynamicbalance in healthy elderly women. Thirty healthy elderly women were purposefully selectedas subjects and then randomly divided into two equal groups (control andexperimental groups). The dynamic balance was measured by functional test (TUG).The control group didn’t participate in any exercise training, but the experimentalgroup performed functional training for 12 weeks. Differences between the pre andpost tests were tested with a paired t-test and the differences between the two groupswere tested with an independent t-test. The criterion for significance was set at P >0.05. Dynamic balance didn’t have any significant changes following functionaltraining after 12 weeks in control groups (P= 0.11). The time of TUG test as adynamic balance index, in the within and between groups analysis, in theexperimental groups significantly decreased (P = 0/ 000). Functional training can effectively improve dynamic balance and socan play a significant role in healthy life in older women.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of educationalintervention based on PRECEDE educational method in the promotion of quality oflife among the aged under the coverage of Tehran Cultural House of Aged People2009.The population of the aged [people] is increasing in all parts of the world even indeveloping countries. The increase of the number of the aged has created aninternational trend to increase the quality of life for them. The purpose ofperforming this project is to study the impact of educational interference based onPRECEDE model in promoting the quality of life of the aged. This semi-empirical research was performed on 54 agedpeople who were under the coverage of Tehran Cultural House for the Aged in2009. The aged people were put in two groups of test and control by using themethod of continuous sampling. For educational sampling, the designedquestionnaire based on PRECEDE model under the name of PRECEDE model andbased on the components of PRECEDE theory were used. In order to assess thequality of life, the WHO questionnaire of the quality of life was used and the qualityof life of the aged people in two groups before and after one month from theeducational intervention were compared. The average total score of the components of PRECEDE model includingpredisposing factors (awareness and attitude), enabling factor (skills), reinforcingfactors (personal satisfaction and encouragement by companions), behavioral factors(healthy behaviors) in the test group changed as compared with the control groupwith a pless than 0.05.Consequently, opposite to the group control, the quality of life of the aged people oftest group showed a meaningful difference before and after educational interventionwith a p quality less than 0.05. It seems it will be possible to increase the quality of life of the agedwith educational intervention through PRECEDE model.

The aim of current study was to determine the effects of Hata yogatraining on dynamic and static balances of elderly women in Mashhad. The present study enjoys the semi-experimental design.The statistical population of the study, which has been carried out in 2009, wereelderly women of Mashhad who were voluntarily invited to participate in theresearch. 29 healthy elderly women aged 56-72 years old have been selected whohaven’t had any disease history during the last one year such as: advancedosteoporosis, hip replacement, glaucoma, Parkinson’s disease, common occurrencesof dizziness, or any surgery. Before and after doing the Hata yoga training programwhich was performed in 3- sessions of 1- hour during 8 weeks; Dynamic and staticbalances were evaluated by fall risk test and postural stability test respectively byBiodex Balance System. Finally data were analyzed by using Variance analysis(GLM-repeated measures) and Dependent T-test and the significance of results wasα= 0/05. The effects of 24 sessions of Hata yoga training were significant on static balance: overall(p=0/001), anterior-posterior(p=0/002), medial-lateral(p=0/006) anddynamic balance of elderly women (p=0/00). Considering the positive influence of Hata yoga training on dynamicand static balances, it is concluded that Hata yoga training has led to theimprovement muscle strength among elderly women particularly endurance andstrength of muscles in lower extremity and may increase the efficiency of neuromotorsystem and improve somatosensory of muscles and joints by ameliorating theexisted balance and decreasing fall risk in elderly women.

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life and mentalhealth, among the elderly people who were living in nursing homes and elderlypeople who were members of retired club of Shiraz city. This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample of study selected among the elderlys living in nursing homes in shirazcity(30 male & 30 female out of a total of 260) and members of the retired club inshiraz(30 male & 30 female out of total of 360) through random cluster sampling innursing homes and matched samples in club. Data were collected by quality of lifeSF-36 and GHQ-28 questionaries and biographical inventory. Collected data wereanalized by spss-15 software. Due to this action, Independent T-test were used tocompare the averages of two groups. and analysis of variance. average score of Quality of life of the elderly living in nursing homes was83. 85 with (p<. /…) and std. deviation 5/26 and in members of retired club was 93.13 with (p<. /…) and std. deviation 5/51. and also the average score of mental healthin elderlys who were living in nursing homes was 54. 05 with (p<0/000) and std.deviation 8/. 8 and in members of retired club was 28. 60 with (p<0/000) and std.deviation 8/88. Findings indicate a significant difference in all subscales of quality oflife and mental health between two groups of elderly people living in nursing homesand those who live at home, and all findings suggests a better condition for elderlypeople who live at home. Also results indicate that demographic variables canmoderate the effects of living condition.

The aim of this study was to survey relationship between religiousorientation and happiness in elderly man and woman in Tehran. The present study was descriptive and causal-Comparative. In order to survey the relationship between religious orientationand happiness among the elderly men and women in Tehran 389 aged peopleabove 60 years including 247 men and 142 women were selected by multi stagecluster sampling. The research instruments were Allport religion orientationquestionnaire and happiness inventory of Oxford. The result showed that religion orientation and happiness in elderly manand woman (P<0/01) have significant positive relationship. The amount ofhappiness among these who had religion internal orientation were further thatwho had external religions orientation(P<0/01). The relationship between religionexternal orientation and happiness in both elderly men and women was notsignificant. The amount of happiness among old women was significantlyfurther that old men (P<0/01). The elderly woman in two internal and externalreligion orientation in general earn higher markers than elderly men(P<0/01). The result shows that there is positive relationship betweenreligion orientation and happiness among elderly men and women. We concludethat people with internal religion orientation were happier in both genders.On the confirm of most studies in the field of religion psychology we couldconclude that the elderly women are more religious than elderly men. Moreresearch in the field of studied varieties can represent brighter data.