فصلنامه سالمند
پیاپی 16 (تابستان 1389)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of restriction sleep treatment on the quality of sleep in the elders.

The study was a quasi-experimental research. The studypopulation consisted of 5000 elders who were members of jahandidegan center ofShiraz. Sample included 50 elder’s who were selected according to inclusion andexclusion criteria. Following 25% attrition 38 elders (24 female, 14 male) withaverage of 65 years old with primary insomnia and poor quality of sleep wereassessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI). The participants were allocatedby permuted randomized block into two groups of experimental (n=19) and control(n=19). Four weeks of sleep restriction treatment was implemented to experimentalgroup with sleep treatment package. Data were analysed using spss-16 softwarethrough chi-square, kolmogorov Smirnoff, mannwitney, independent statistical ttestand pair t test.

The mean of quality of sleep before intervention in experimental group was 14.21 and in control group was 13. after intervention the mean of quality of sleep inexperimental group was 11.26 and in control group was 12.78. The differencebetween 2 groups was significant in 95% level.

This study indicated that Restriction sleep treatment can improvequality of sleep among elders. So It is recommended that this intervention could beeducated as a continue education program for all health care providers especially fornurses who work in elderly centers.

The relation of metabolic syndrome components, insulin resistance andleptin has been studied in elderly women. In this cross sectional study, among 225 subjects ≥ 60year old who were residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation, 133 (56 men & 77women) were selected by cluster random sampling. Fasting serum TG, TotalCholesterol, HDL, and leptin levels were measured. In healthy individuals, mean age of men and women were 76.88± 6.56 and 79.49±7.96 years old and in metabolic syndrome ones were 71.00 ± 5.19 and77.94±7.24, respectively. A total of 133 subjects were studied. Fifteen men andthirty three women were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome. There was a strongsignificant correlation between serum leptin level and metabolic syndrome as wellas body mass index (BMI) in both sexeses (P<0.001). Among metabolic syndromecomponents, waist circumference showed similar correlation in both sexes. In bothsexes the association between metabolic syndrome (IDF) and serum leptin wassignificant even after adjustment for each metabolic syndrome component withsignificant correlation and these components collectively (P<0.005). The associationwas not significant after adjustment for waist circumference. The current study has found that the association between metabolic syndrome and leptin in elderly might be mediated through waist circumference.

Anemia is prevalent in heart failures and is an independent risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CHF. The aim of the present study was todetermine the prevalence of anemia in elderly with systolic heart failure hospitalizedin Alborz Hospital of Karaj in 2009. This is a descriptive retrospective study that reviewed 154medical records of elderly with systolic heart failure during2002-2008.Demographic, laboratory, and echocardiography data were reviewed from medicalrecords. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level below 12 g/dL in women andbelow 13 g/dL in men in this study. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics suchas frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and independent group test andPearson correlation coefficient. The findings indicated that prevalence of anemia in elderly with systolicheart failure was (42.9%). There was significant difference between mean level ofhemoglobin in heart failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p=0.000).level of hemoglobin significant associated with age (p=0.014) and left ventricularejection fraction (0.022). This study indicated that anemia is frequent among elderly withsystolic heart failure and anemia may be associated with age, LVEF and COPD.More research into the mechanisms of anemia in CHF is needed.

This study aimed to compare elderly fallers and non fallers by balancetest under dual tasks conditions.

This study was a analyse- comparative study. Subjects were chosen from three parks of Tehran. Subjects were 20 older adults with no history offalls (aged 72.60 ± 5years) and 21 older adults with a history of 2 or more falls inthe last one year (aged 74.50±6 Years). All subjects performed speed gait test under3 conditions (speed gait, speed gait with numbers counter randomly [speed gaitcognitive], and speed gait while carrying a full cup of water [speed gait manual]).Data was analysed from multivariate analysis with SPSS 17.

The results showed significant difference between elderly fallers and non fallers in fall risk composed dependent variable (P= 0.0005), as the non fallers hadgreater score than elderly fallers.

Consequently, we can apply the Gait Speed test under both dual task conditions (Cognitive and Motor) for identification of risk of falling in elderly adultswith and without of falling history.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of lifereview therapy on depression reduction of elder women of Yazd. Method of the research was semi-experimental design bypre-post test with a control group. Research population consisted of the elder womenwho were nursing home residents in Yazd. The Fateme_Alzahra nursing home ofTaft was randomly selected from all the 3 nursing homes in Yazd province.Depressive symptoms were assessed by Geriatreric Depression Scale (GDS-15)before and after the intervention. The sample of 16 people who scored 8 or more inGDS-15, were randomly assigned into two groups of control (8 people) andexperiment (8 people). six sessions of group therapy performed on the experimentalgroup during 6 weeks based on the research format. Analysis of covariance showed level of depression among the subjects ofexperimental group significantly decreased. Findings indicate that life review therapy is effective in reducingdepressive symptoms of elder women. In comparison with traditional therapies, thelife review therapy is more effective and is recommend for elders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of personalitytraits with depression in active and non – active elderly women in Tehran city. The present research is descriptive – correlation. For thispurpose, 188 elderly women (94 active and 94 non - active elders) in the age rangeof 63-82 in Tehran city availably selected as statistical sample. Measurementinstrument were demographic questionnaire, Beck depression questionnaire andNEO personality traits questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic(mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistic (independent t test, Pearsoncorrelation and Enter multi variant Regression). Results showed that there was significant difference in personality traitsand depression between active women with non-active women elders (P<0/05).Also, the result showed that significant correlation between depression score onneuroticism, extroversion, openness and conscientiousness in active women eldersand conscientiousness and openness in non - active women elders (P<0/05). Theresults of multi variant regression also indicated that openness and extroversionvariants in active elders and conscientiousness variant in non - active elders havelinear relationship with criteria variant (depression) and can predict its changes. Based on results of present research, sport and physical activity can be afforded the increase of positive personality traits (for example extroversion andopenness) and decrease of depression in women elders.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music therapy on depression and loneliness of elderly. Research instruments consisted of the Geriatric depression scale, Loneliness scale and music therapy package, all administered on 20 men and 18 women through a pretest-posttest with control group. Results indicated that music therapy decreases depression in old people,''friendship'' and'' affective loneliness'' in women but did not have meaningful effecton loneliness feeling of men. Results of this research suggested that listening to music can be used as solution for decreasing old people depression. The effect of this intervention wasdifferent among men and women. Their feelings of loneliness showed significantdecline as well.

The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status and identify themost significant MNA-items(Mini Nutritional assessment) to accelerate thedetermination of nutritional risk of heart-failure in elderly patients. The present research was a cross-sectional descriptiveanalytical survey on hospitalized heart- failure elderly patients (n = 225). Thesampling method was enrolled nonrandomly.The MNA questionnaires(18 items)were used for nutritional assessment. Based on the MNA questionnaire, 9/8%of the elderly were malnourished,80/9% were at risk of malnutrition and 9/3% were well-nourished. Regarding the factors related to nutritional status of heart- failureelderly patient, it is indicated that bed sore, the ability of eating, self-view ofnutritional status and self-rated health status relative to peers had significantrelationship with the nutritional status according to MNA.(P-value<0.005)Regarding high prevalence of vulnerable or malnourished hospitalized elderly,nutritional intervention is necessary.