فصلنامه سالمند
پیاپی 13 (پاییز 1388)

The aims of this study were to investigate the association of Mini-Nutritional Assessment and activities of daily living as well as examining Mini Nutritional Assessment as a good prognostic tool ofactivities of daily living in elderly residents of nursing home. In a cross-sectional study, among 1200 recorded files, 247 subjects completed Mini Nutritional Assessment and Barthel index questionnaire. The relations between studied variables were assessed using Pearson and spearman correlation. These relations were confirmed by adjusted regression model. 130 elderly had Mini Nutritional Assessment ≥ 24.5 and 102 had Mini Nutritional Assessment < 23.5. Mini Nutritional Assessment and BI were positively correlated (r=0.26, P < 0.001). In an age- and sex-adjusted model, Barthel index is associated significantly with age (P< 0.006), Body Massive Index I (P< 0.009), and MNA (P< 0.001). Mini Nutritional Assessment can be a good predictor ofdaily living activities in elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation (KCF).

The present study aimsed to examine the reliability of forceplate parameters under both single and dual task conditions and in different levels of postural difficulty. The healthy elderly + 65, were assessed with aone-week interval, with a random combination of three levels of postural difficulty (i.e., standing on a rigid surface with eyes open, standing on a rigid surface with eyes closed and standing on a foam with eyesclosed) and two cognitive conditions (standing with/without performing the cognitive task of backward counting). The signals of center ofpressure (COP) were recorded and the faceplate parameters were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement and coefficient of variation for all variables and conditions were alsocalculated. During the single task, the area of COP sway, standard deviation (SD) of amplitude in both directions, and SD of velocity in mediolateral direction showed high to very high reliability in all levels of postural difficulty. During the dual task, the total mean velocity and SD of velocity in both directions showed high to very high reliability in alllevels of postural difficulty. Generally, the protocol used to assess balance in the present study, in both dual and single task conditions, showed a suitablerelative and absolute reliability levels in the elderly.

The aim of this study was to compare of waist circumference with metabolic syndrome, as a predictor insulin resistance in agroup of elderly population. In a cross-sectional study among 225 elderlyaged 60 year old and more whose clinical data were complete, 94 subjects (42 males and 52 females) who were able to sign the consent form Mini Mental stat Examination > 20 and wanted to participate in studyentered the study. Insulin sensitivity was determined by using Homeostasis Model Assessment index. Insulin resistance was defined as topquartile of Homeostasis Model Assessment. Waist Circumference and Homeostasis Model assessment andHomeostasis Model Assessment index were highly positively correlated in both sexes. The optimal waist circumference was 94.5 cm for men and 90.5 cm for women. `The high sensitivity and specificity of Waist Circumference and Homeostasis Model assessment in males (0.80 & 0.84) indicates the proportion of Insulin Resistance which are correctlyidentified all non-IR males as such. In this study 94.5 cm determined as cut-off for insulin resistance index in males. It seems that optimal Waist Circumference andHomeostasis Model assessment determinination in Iran warrants further study in a larger sample of metabolic syndrome subjects.

The purpose of this study was to determine the functional mobility and balance in the elders after Total Hip Arthroplasty in healthy coparison to elders. The current cross-sectional study was done on 20 patients (70.9±4.2) with hip osteoarthritis 6 months after Total Hip Arthroplasty and 20 healthy subjects (73±5.7) as control group. Patient group was assigned with nonprobability convenient samplingand control group selected with matched assignment. Functional mobility measured with Timed Up & Go Test, functional balance with Functional Reach and Berg Balance Scale and Functinal Activity Assesment measured with Modified Barthel Index. Independent T-test used for stastistical analysis. Comparison between groups showed significantly longer time of Timed Up & Go test in patient group compared with control group(p<.01). During FR in patient group the distance was significantly shorter than control group (p<.01). Modified Bartel Index and the scores of Berg Bartel Scale in patient group were significantly less than control group (p<.01). Results showed Significant decrease in functional mobility and balance in the elderly after Total Hip Arthroplasty compared towith control group

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mountaineering on health factors in elder people. This study was a cross-sectional study. Forty three elderly men (mean age 57/7±9/3 yrs) were selected randomly fromparks of Northern Tehran. According to their activity and type of activity, subjects divided into three groups of Mountaineer (n= 15), Trained(n= 14) and none-trained (n=14). Then their cardiovascular and physical fitness (vo2max, heart rate, fat percent, grip, reaction time, blood pressure, flexibility and balance) were measured. Data were analyzedusing one-way ANOVA. Comparison of aerobic capacity in three groups showed thatthere were significant differences (P≤0.01) as this variable in mountaineer group was better than two other groups (37/2%, 15.4% respectively).In addition resting heart rate, fat percent and reaction time were significantly lower in two trained groups in comparison with non-trained group (p≤ 0.05). There were no other significant differences between groups (p≥0.05). this study suggests that mountaineering may led to in termof the other variables positive effects on cardiovascular factors. Furthermore relative, higher grip strength, flexibility and reaction time inboth active groups emphasis the necessity of a physical activity and active life style as an important part of elder people’s life style.

According to growing of aged population in Iran and also high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this group, assessment of demographical and epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in subjects 59 years or older in Ekbatan district of Tehran was the aim ofthis study. The subjects were chosen randomly from 1422 subjects 59 years or older, who were lived in Ekbatan district of Tehran. Finally 204 subjects were enrolled and completed the General Health Questionnaire and Geriatric Depression scale. Then 104 subjects were selected randomly and interviewed by Composite InternationalDiagnosis Interview to validate psychiatric disorders. The life time prevalence for all psychiatric disorders in thisstudy was 36. 9% and the period prevalence was 18. 5%. 25. 2% of subjects had only one psychiatric disorder and 6. 8% and 2. 9% of them had «two» and «three or more psychiatric disorders», respectively. Themost prevalence of psychiatric disorders was Major depressive disorder, Dysthymic disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder, respectively. The results of this study revealed that some psychiatricdisorders in Iranian geriatric population are common and in some respects, this is non-concordant with other study results. It seems that these results can be helpful for mental health services.

The purpose of this study was to determine the OF physical functioning level and prevalence of chronic illness among elderlypeople in west region of Tehran. This study was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. A multi-stage sampling was used and 410 community residents who were over 60 years old were selected from west region of Tehran.Descriptive statistics, T-test and ANOVA were used to analysis data. There were significant relations between ADLs and ‘Gender’, ‘Economic status’, ‘Health status’, ‘Education’ and ‘Number of chronic illness’ (p<0.05). Furthermore there were significant relations betweenthe IADLs and ‘Age’, ‘Gender’, ‘Economic status’, ‘Living arrangement’, ‘Health status’, ‘Education’ and ‘Number of chronic illness’ (p<0.05). Also the result of the study showed that 86/8% of participants had at least one chronic illness. This study showed that different factors affect physical functioning of elderly people. Also they were totally independent from a status of physical functioning (ADL & IADL) and the majority of them had at least one chronic illness. Health care professionals should enhance the physical functioning in elderly people by facilitating their life through educational programs and regular physical check-ups whichwill maintain and increase a healthy and active life.

The aim of the present study was to compare and contrastthe sub-scale of the body image of the athletes and nonathlete menopaused females. The subjects of the research comprise 60 individuals who were between 43-53 years old. In this study the personalinformation questionnaire and PSDQ test were used.The Personal information questionnaire included the sub-scales of power, endurance, coordination, general health, flexibility, self-esteem, athletic competence, body appearance and, body activity. The Kolmogrov- Smirnov and T test used to analys data. The results showed that the body image of the athletes in all of the sub-scales such as power, endurance, coordination, general health, flexibility, self esteem, athletic competence, fat, body appearance, body activity and whole body was significantly better than individuals who were not athletes. It seems that participation in physical activity programs have a positive effect on menopausal negative side effects.