نشریه میکروبیولوژی دامپزشکی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار و تابستان 1388)

The aim of this study is determination pattern of development of testis structure in goat fetus. The samples in this study included the pregnant slaughtered goats inindustrial slaughtered house in autumn season and unit of sampling was including 100 separated fetuses from uterus of pregnant mothers. The method of sampling wasaccidental. The age of collected fetuses were calculated according to Gall et al. (1994) as X=2. 74 Y+30. 15. After dissection of fetuses from different ages، the testis samplesfor histological study and performing histotechnique procedures were put in 10% buffered formalin and stained by methods of H&E، periodic shift acid and Masson،strichrome and studied under light microscope. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test and SPSS software. The results of microscopic studies، Showed that gonads in 35 days of pregnancy were as a mass connected to mesonephrosis. Primary sign of differentiation of testis in 35 days of pregnancy was observed that it was built ofwhite membrane and in 42. 5 days of pregnancy primary genital cords were formed. In 50 days of pregnantcy، we observed myoid cells that surround the genital cords and afew days after that leydig cells in internal space of testis observed. Genital cords until to birth surrounded with sertoli cells and gonocytes were in the center of cords sothat it seems as solid tubule until birth. According to the results it was obtained that the time of differentiation of testis ruminants is different. The amount of biometryincreased with growth of fetus gradually. So a significant difference between the age ol groups was observed. (p<0. 05).

Sixty-six fish specimens in different species including Cyprinus carpio، Carassius auratus gibelio and Capoeta aculeata from Cyprinidae family were studied for parasiticinfestation in spring and summer 2008. After fishes were identified to species level according to freshwater fish identification keys، biometric operations were examinedfor parasitic infestation. Parasite species found in examined fishes were: Dactylogyrus extensus، D. anchoratus، Gyrodactylus sp، Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Diplostomum spathaceum in C. carpio and C. auratus fish، D. lenkorani in C. aculeata species andLernea cyprinacea in three species. 68. 1 percent of examined fishes were infected to parasites and 39. 1 percent didn''t have any parasitic infestation. Among parasitesabove Lernea cyprinacea could infect considerable number of fishes as the infestation rate in common carp and Capoeta were 41. 5 and 88. 8 percent respectively.

Considering the life is affected by natural electromagnetic fields and artificial electromagnetic fields have been developed and are further being developed inrecent decades، this research has been done on the effects of 0. 06mT intensities with 50HZ frequency in gonads and sex hormone of adult male NMRI mice. Uniformelectromagnetic fields were produced using solenoid coils To do so، two experimental groups (n=12) were exposed to electromagnetic wave for 28 days four hours a day. Theresults of experimental groups were compared with control sham groups (n=6) and (n=6). The gonads were extracted from the mouse body and cross sectional and coloringprocedures were accomplished for more histological studies. Besides، the amount of FSH، LH، Testosterone hormones was measured using Gamma counter method. Electromagnetic investigation of gonads and sex hormones showed significant decrease of diameter and weight of gonads and number of seminiferus tubuls and decrease ofspermatid، spermatozoa and testosterone (p<0. 05) in 0. 06 mT electromagnetic field compared with sham control groups. The tunica albuginea thickness and LH increased atthe same field significantly. Mean value of leydig cell، sertoli cell، spermatogon and spermatocyt and FSH in different groups did not show significant change. Resultsof this research showed electromagnetic field could affect the gonads and sex hormones.

In summer 2000، at necropsy of 24 Caspian seals (Phoca caspica)، different organs were searched for parasite. Three species of trematodes: Stephanoprora advena، (100%) Cryptocotyle concava (100%) C. badamshini (100%) Corynosoma strumosum (100%) Corynosoma sp. (100%) 3rd stage larvae of Anisakis schupakowi (25%) were collected from alimentary canals and larvae of Halarachne sp. (12/5%) from nasal mucosa. These parasites are new host and distribution record for Caspian seals of Iran. High frequency was observe for all species except that of Anisakis sp. and Halarachne sp.

With regards to the importance of dry period and its negative and positive effects on livestock safety، the contingency of dry period on reproduction indices werestudied. One hundred Holstein dairy cows from an industrial large dairy farm in Hamadan were selected. The length of dry period was Independent variable and reproductive indices (1. Parturition to first service interval، 2. Open days، and 3. Numbers of service to pregnancy) depended variables. Control variables were 1- Pick of milk production، 2- BCS at the breeding and 3-Numbers of lactation. It is concluded that there was no significant correlation between dry period length and reproductive indices (p>0. 05)، but inclination to recovery was observed in groups with shorter dry periods.

Echocardiography has been frequently used in veterinary in horses and cows since 40 years ago but there is no information about camel echocardiography. In this study، 10 male and 10 female clinically healthy one-year-old camels (camelus dromedarius) wereexamined. Echocardiography was performed by B. K. Medical machine (mini focus model) and 2-4MHZ multi frequency phased array transducer. Camels were examined clinically andelectrocardiographically and those found healthy were studied for echocardiography. The third through the fifth intercostal space (midway) between point of shoulder (POS) and point of elbow (POE) were shaved in both side and covered by copulated gel. Toobtain image of right parasternal long axis four chamber view، transducer was placed parallel to ribs in 5th intercostal space midway between point of shoulder and point of elbow، then transducer was placed slightly cranially to image left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). Transducer was placed in LVOTlocation but in the 4th intercostal space and slightly craniodorsally to image right ventricular out flow tract (RVOT). To image left ventricle short axis views، transducer with 90-100 degree clockwise rotation، was placed vertically to the ribs direction in 5th intercostals space. Slightly fanning transducer to dorsal was necessary to image mitral valve. To image aortic valve، transducer with 30 degree clockwise rotation was placed in the same location for mitral valve location. Cardiac structures in left parasternal long axis views in three viewswere seen. Transducer in the 3rd intercostal space in heart location parallel to ribs was placed. To image LVOT، transducer was placed in 4th intercostal space slightly craniodorsally. Then for viewing mitral valve it was placed in 5th intercostals space parallel to ribs direction without rotation. Camel heart is located more caudally than horse and cow and this helps to better imaging in its echocardiography. The quality of the images varied. This variation was due to a variety of factors، including body condition، the widthof the intercostal space and the demeanor of the camels. Low heart rate in camel makes careful evaluation of anatomy and movement of cardiac structures possible in real time echocardiography.

In this study in addition to produce probiotic products of milk and yogurt containg Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in combination and separately، wecomtared them together. To the first sample Lactobacillus acidophilus had injected to the milk and to the second sample Bifidobacterium bifidum and tired one Lactobacillus acidophilus - Bifidobacterium bifidum added jointly as a starter and then they putin to the 38 degree incubation. When the pH idices reached to 42 degree of Dournic، the product put in to the refrigerator. In the second stage from the produced milk in the first stage the probiotic yogurt was made. And during the incubation and the being in therefrigerator، microbial activation was studied and counted directly. The results was that the microbes are alive after keeping them for 20 days، and the action and movement of bacteria''s showed that they are still alive and the amount of them in each gram unit was 1010 microbe، that was 3 log more then the minimum amount whitest needed.

Toxoplasmosis is a common zoonotic infection between human and animal in the world. In the congenital form pathogenic agent is transmitting to the fetus through thematernal placenta. Acquired infection is due to ingestion of the oocysts، which are exfacted by cats or transmitted through the contaminated meat. Congenital infection can lead to fetal death، pathological changes of CNS or the eye diseases. The acquired form of the disease often is no sign، or is characterizes by general lethargy، swallow of lymphatic nodes and chorioretinitis. In the compromised patients or the patientswith malignancy or tissue plants، lethal and acute infections take place. The aim of this study was the investigation of prevalence of antibody of anti toxoplasma gondii in the serum of malignant patients referred to the Tabriz Ghazi and Imam Hospitals. In this cross-sectional survey، a number of 150 blood sample of the malignant and a number of 150 blood samples of the control patients were collected and were tested (IgG and IgM) by the ELISA method. Results showed that total prevalence of Anti toxoplaxma IgG malignant patients was 40. 66%. The high infection rate was between age groupof upper 70 (66. 66%) and the least rate was seen in the age group of 21-30 (26. 92%). Also in control group the same condition was considered. So، according to the high positive cases among the malignant patients، there should be some regular screen programs to recognize the chronic infection which are going to the acute. The measurement of the seral titration of these patients should be done and undergone theantiparasitic treatments.

Pneumonia is one of the respiratory current diseases in sheep، that its cause can evaluated of viewpoint of effect of mineral deficiencies as copper that its deficiency have been recorded in Miandoab zone (Large animal clinic of Tabriz university) land. Copper effect in physiologic acts of difference parts of body specially in act of immune system is important completely thus copper apply via to corporation in structure of enzymes that have near relation with ability and power of body immune، its major act apply in formation of body immune. In this study، with meaning of copper serum assay and amount of SOD enzyme of blood of afflicted sheep to feveric pneumonia returned to the clinic of largeruminants of Tabriz veterinary collogue that have been place in Miandoab، evaluated relation of to afflict to pneumonia with serum copper amounts and sheep blood SOD enzyme. In this survey of 50 mature sheep that have been returned towith signs of fever pneumonia to the clinic in 1385 winter، applied bleeding and prepared blood serum and defined copper serum measure and amount of blood SOD enzyme of total blood sample. On findings of this survey، of total numbers of studied 32 sheep (%64) there were decrease of copper serum measure so that 18 sheep (%36) hade severe deficiency and 14 sheep (%28) had low decrease. Also in 37 sheep (%74) of afflicted sheep of pneumonia، measure of SOD enzyme of sheep blood lower than normal state. Also in this study، meaningful difference there were among of SODenzyme measure of afflicted sheep to copper deficiency in compare with SOD enzyme amount of sheep that were normal. Also in this survey، but defined there were statistical relation among of copper serum measure and SOD enzyme of blood sheep also there were meaningful relation among of to afflict to feveric pneumonia disease in sheep and deficiency of copper serum measure and SOD enzyme of red blood cells (p<0. 01).

analgesia is a type of regional block، commonly used in human and veterinary practice toalleviate pain solelyor auxiliary to other methods of anesthesia. This method of analgesia is widely used in abdominal، perineal، tail and rear limb surgeries and procedures. It is also widely common to relieve pain after operations and in patients with chronic pain. Many reports are available about analgesic properties of metoclopramide which is primarily used as antiemetic; meanwhile، Lidocaine was used to induce analgesia in different speciesof animal from long time ago. Since narcotics have limitation in prescribing by physicians and clinicians، promoting other types of drugs with analgesic effects seemworthwhile. The present prospective experiment was designed to study effects of metoclopramide on epidural analgesia induced by lidocaine in rabbits. Twelve healthyNew Zealand white rabbits weighing 3-3. 5 kg were divided randomly into two groups. In group A، 2 % lidocaine (1. 5 ml) and in group B the combination of 2 % lidocaine (1. 5ml) and metoclopramide HCl (0. 5 ml) was used to induce epidural analgesia. Two more injections with 48 hours and one week intervals were performed in the same manner. The onset time of analgesia (OT)، duration of flaccid paresis (DFP) and duration of analgesia (DA) was determined in all treatments. Repeated measure ANOVAand Banferroni test were used to compare mean and variances within and between groups. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant difference in mean ofOT and DFP between groups (p>0. 05). Whereas mean of duration of analgesia was significantly higher in group B (39. 1±16. 2 min) compared to group A (23. 6±5. 5 min) (p=0. 018). In conclusion the addition of metoclopramide to lidocaine is effective in prolongation of epidural analgesia in rabbit.

amyloidosis is a condition that complicates a long list of chronic inflammation, chronic infectious, malignant, and hereditary disorders. In the present study the potential effects of two amyloidogenic substances: ie. AgNO3 and Freund''s Adjuvant (AF) with that of vitamin free casein, on spatio-temporal pattern of experimental amyloidosis in mice were compared. For this purpose a total of 40 male Swees mice, obtained from PasteurInstitute Tehran, after being weighted were randomly divided into 4 groups including 2 treatments, 1 control (vitamin free casein) and 1 positive control (normal saline).At the end of 3rd, 5th and 7th weeks of experiment 3 mice were randomly selected and euthnised. Spleen sample of each animal obtained and preserved in 10% neutral bufferformalin. Sample were then processed through different stages of dehydration, clearing and impregnation and finally embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections of 5μmthickness then cut and stained by alkaline Congo red techniques. Spleen weights and the data obtained from microscopic quantitative analysis did show no significantdifferences between groups Aand B, Aand C, and B and C. But significant differences were observed between groups Aand D, B and D, and C and D respectively. It is concluded that two compounds ie; AgNO3 and Freund''s Adjuvant have the same potential, as does vitamin free casein have, in spatio - temporal pattern of experimental amyloidosis in mice.