Journal Of Pharmaceutical and Health
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter 2012

In vitro evaluation of itraconazole loaded vesicles prepared from non-ionic surfactantsABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the capability of forming itraconazole containing niosomes with Span 60 and Brij 58 as non-ionic surfactants. Lower cost and higher stability makes niosomes a more suitable choice in comparison with liposomes.The capability to form vesicles as an itraconazole delivery system and the influence of different factors such as type of surfactant and molar ratio of cholesterol/surfactant on the encapsulation efficiency was investigated. The size distribution of vesicles was measured by laser light scattering method. Based on the results، it was observed that the highest encapsulation efficiency and the smallest vesicle size were associated with the formulation composed of Span 60/cholesterol with the molar ratio of 30:70. The observed results were encouraging، and suggested the possibility of using this vesicle system for delivery of itraconazole as a new carrier for treating of fungalinfections.
Key words: Niosomes، Non-Ionic Surfactants، Itraconazole، Vesicular Systems.
Role of Helicobacter pylori on differential expression of angiogenic markers in gastric adenocarcinoma ABSTRACTAnimal studies showed that male gastric tissues respond more rapidly to Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection but the possible mechanisms remained unclear. There is no data about gender specific activity of Androgen receptor (AR) as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in gastric cancer and its interactions with H.pylori and angiogenesis in both genders. To compare the pathogenesis of H. pylori and to evaluate its role on tissue levels of Androgen Receptor (AR) and uPA as a major angiogenic factors in gastric adenocarcinoma، malignant and corresponding normal tissue specimens of 71 gastric adenocarcinoma were selected retrospectively. Modified Giemsa staining was used for identifying H.pylori infection and immunohistochemical methods were used to identify differential expressions of above markers in glandular، surface epithelial، tumoral، stromal، endothelial and lymphatic cells. Interestingly 83.3% of H.pylori positive males showed AR overexpression in their surface epithelial cells whereas the same interaction was not found in H.pylori positive females. Higher vascular invasion (p=0.047) and higher expression of uPA in stromal cells of male patients (p=0.007) clued us to different tumor progressive factors in males. Linear regression analysis showed H.pylori infection، surface epithelial AR and sex as three significant factors in tumoral uPA (p=0.004)، stromal uPA (p=0.012) and lymphatic uPA (p=0.016) expression in males which play important roles on invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. Present results suggest the strong role of H.Pylori on angiogenesis in males which could be considered as a new molecular mechanism of tumor progression by interacting with the receptor of male hormone and angiogenic pathways. Key words: Gastric Adenocarcinoma، Androgen Receptor، Helicobacter Pylori، uPA، Angiogenesis.
Seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in healthcare workers in Imam Reza hospital of Kermanshah-Iran ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in healthcare workers and students of healthcare professions and to determine the validity of the self-reported varicella and zona history for detecting susceptible subjects. Personnel of Imam Reza hospital (Kermanshah-Iran) and students were recruited and a 5 mL blood sample was obtained from all participants. A case report form، including previous self-reported history of varicella and zona، was completed. A total of 188 healthcare workers (mean age، 30.6 years; S.D.، 4.0; range، 23–40) and 62 students (mean age، 19.8 years; S.D.، 2.5; range، 18–25) were recruited. The prevalence of varicella antibodies was 84.5% in healthcare workers and 84.5% in students. The preferred approach in these groups at risk of varicella will be to undergo serologic testing before immunization in those with negative or unknown history of varicella.
Key words: Antibodies; Healthcare workers; Varicella، Iran.
Frequency of extended spectrum beta lactamase producer P.aeruginosa strains isolated from burned patients of Motahari hospital، Tehran، Iran ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which is naturally resistant to a large range of antibiotics like lots of Beta–Lactams (penicillins، cephalosporins and carbapenems) and may cause additional resistance after unsuccessful treatment. The understanding of beta-lactamase identification and detection in these bacteria is very valuable. In recent years a number of variety of new beta-lactamases were detected، apparently as a consequence of the clinical use of novel classes of beta-lactam antibiotics. Thus a reliable test to detect extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinical isolates of P.aeruginosa is needed. In this study، a total of 100 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were studied to assess sensitivity of P.aeruginosa isolated from burned patients of Motahari Hospital in Tehran and determine ESBL production in them. Antibiogram test was done by disk diffusion method. Beta-lactamases producers were screened by Starch-paper strip method. Further confirmation was done for ESBL producers by double disc test (DDT) and double disc synergy test (DDST). Among the total of 100 isolates that were considered beta-lactamase producer by starch paper strip method، 17% were ESBL positive by DDST، a figure that increased to 70% after imipenem was included. In addition، 20% of isolated P.aeruginosa strains were ESBL positive by other confirmatory test. This study is the first that uses a combination of paper strip method with DDT and DDST.
Key words: P.aeruginosa، ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta lactamase)، DDT (double Disc Test)، DDST (Double Disk Synergy Test)، Paper strip method.
Nanogold for the treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER):An animal trial with methanol extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis ABSTRACTThis experimental study was conducted to assess of effectiveness of two nanogold concentrations against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Iranian strain of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice model. Cutaneous lesions were experimentally induced by inoculation with Iranian Leishmania major promastigotes (MRHO/IR/75/ER) in 61 BALB/c mice. The infected mice were enrolled to four groups: interventional groups which were treated with two different concentrations of nanogold and two control groups. Nanogold solutions applied topically twice daily for 28 days (N=30) and the results compared with control groups (N=31).The results showed that amastigote number into the lesions، were significantly decreased in interventional groups compared with control groups (p=0.001). Nanogold solutions were also decreased mortality rate in the mice (p=0.003). No statistically difference was found between 40 μg/ml and 0.4μg/ml of nanogold concentrations in amastigote reduction (p=0.648).
Key words: Leishmania major، Cutaneous leishmaniasis، Nanogold، BALB/c mice The effects of Tilia platyphyllos Scop.
extract on seizure induced by picrotoxin and pentylentetrazole in mice.
ABSTRACTThe effects of Tilia plathphyllos scop. in a nervous disorder، including seizure was reported in traditional literatures. In the present investigation، the effects of methanolic extract of T. plathyphyllos on seizure induced by picrotoxin and pentylentetrazole were studied in mice. In this experimental study، groups of 5 animals pretreated with doses of 100، 200 and 300 mg/kg of methanolic extract of flowering branches of T. plathyphyllos، via intraperitoneal injection. After 20 minutes each animal received picrotoxin 10 mg/kg or pentylentetrazole 80 mg/kg intraperitoneally، for induction of seizure. Latency of seizure، death time and percent of death were determined in treated and control groups. The latency of seizure induce by picrotoxin were increased in groups that pretreated with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg of T. plathyphyllos extract، from 208 Sec to 298(p<0.05) and 570 Sec (p<0.01) respectively. The latency of seizure induced by pentylentetrazole were increased with dose of 200 mg/kg، from 233 Sec to 351 Sec (p<0.01). The dose of 200 mg/kg of extract delayed the death time induced by picrotoxin from 1237 to 1498 Sec (p<0.05) and pentylentetrazole from 1973 to 2508 Sec (p<0.01). In additin the percentage of mortality from seizure induced by picrotoxin and pentylentetrazole from 100% were decreased to 80% (p<0.05) and 40% (p<0.01) respectively.
Methanolic extract of flowering branches of T. plathyphyllos delayed the onset of seizure، death time and decreased the percentage of mortality from picrotoxin and pentylentetrazole. Further studies are needed to use this plant as an antiseizure agent.
Key words: Tilia plathyphyllos Scop، Seizure، Picrotoxin، Pentylentetrazole Comparison between conventional PCR and PCR - ELISA for detection of Brucella melitensis ABSTRACTMolecular detection techniques are believed to be key tools for both prevention and treatment follow up of brucellosis within live stock and human beings. Consequently rapid، reliable، easy to perform and automated systems for Brucella detection are urgently needed to allow early diagnosis and adequate antibiotic therapy in time. Brucellosis is a worldwide re-emerging zoonosis causing high economic losses and severe human disease. In attempt to improve current molecular detection of Brucella melitensis، we compared a conventional PCR with PCR- ELISA، to detect brucella genome within standard strains and clinical isolates. Primer sets based on “omp-31” sequence of B. melitensis 16M were designed. The primer specificity was checked with appropriate online bioinformatics softwares. The primer specificity was also confirmed by testing the reaction with non-Brucella strains. A biotinylated probe complementary to an internal sequence of the PCR products was designed. The labeled non-specific fragments bound to streptavidin-coated wells، saturating the solid phase streptavidin by biotin-streptavidin interaction. Compared with conventional PCR، the PCR- ELISA proved to have more sensitivity for Brucella genome after appropriate optimization. Few human serum، whole blood and also different affected tissue samples from slaughtered livestock with brucellosis were used for protocol evaluation. Further samples should be tested before final conclusion about the results.
Key words: PCR – ELISA، Brucella melitensis، PCR Validation of LAL test on some antibiotics: A study on the causes of different inhibitory effectsABSTRACTValidation process is a program for ensuring products with proven acceptable and predetermined specification. The LAL test used for detection of endotoxin in the sterile parenteral products is one of the tests that require validation. During this study، validation of 12 parenteral antibiotics including penicillin and cephalosporin have been done using gel clot method and obtained results which prescribed relationship between molecular structure and inhibitory dilution. The inhibitory dilution for potassium penicillin G was 5 millions units، potassium penicillin G was 1 millions units and natrium penicillin G was 1:40. Ampicillin، penicillin G 6:3:3، 400،000 and 800،000 unit penicillin had inhibitory dilutions up to 1:20. Cloxacillin inhibitory dilution was 1:80. and Cefotaxim، Cefepime، Ceftizoxime dilution results were 1:40، Cefuroxim، Ceftazidime were 1:20 and this result for Cefazolin was 1:80.The results were studied and presented their according to pharmaceutical group separately. None of evaluated antibiotics showed enhancement effect but inhibitory was observed which made a significant conclusion on the role of dilutions on this phenomenon.
Key words: LAL test، Gel clot، validation، parenteral antibiotics