فصلنامه پژوهش در سلامت روانشناختی
سال سوم شماره 3 (پاییز 1388)

This study attempts to investigate the effect of emotional experiences on cardiovascular reactions and facial electromyogram (EMG) among the subjects classified as type D personality. To do so, in the first stage, according to the extreme scores in DS14 questionnaire, two groups including high type D personality and low type D personality participants (each with 15Ss) were selected among 405 female students of the Islamic Azad University. In the second stage, electrodes were put on the selected participants’ faces and hands and then the baseline measures of the variables of EMG, PULSE and BVP were first recorded and then the measures of these variables were recorded during two negative and positive emotional states caused by sad and happy music, for 150 seconds. The findings showed that the participants with high type D personality had a higher activity in the corrugator muscle in the negative emotional state and the participants with low type D personality had a higher activity in the zeugmatic muscle in the positive emotional state. There were also no significant differences between the cardiovascular reactivity in these two groups with different states. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that type D personality is an important risk factor that increases the experience of negative emotions. Furthermore, inhibition of the negative emotional expression may lead to adverse health outcomes. So, considering type D personality as a risk factor for the physical health is recommended.

The main aim of this study was to investigate the Overgenerality of Autobiographical Memory among the adolescent boys in Kermanshah,Iran. A sample of 76 Kemanshahian adolescents (25 non-depressed and 50 depressed adolescent boys,25 with substance abuse disorder and 25 without substance abuse disorder) were investigated. To evaluate autobiographical memory specificity, a standard AMT (Autobiographical Memory Test), developed by Williams and Broadbent (1986), was used. To analyze the data, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The results indicated that depressed adolescent boys without substance abuse disorder had high scores in Overgenerality of autobiographical memory than non-depressed group; depressed adolescents with substance abuse disorder had high scores in Overgenerality of autobiographical memory than non-depressed group; and depressed adolescents without substance abuse disorder had high scores in Over generality of autobiographical memory than depressed adolescents with substance abuse disorder.

This research was conducted with the purpose of studying the simple and interactive relationship between teacher well-being (Positive and negative affect and life and job satisfaction) with the belief in a just world and the student’s violence against teachers in Esfahan, Iran. Population of the study included all male and female teachers, teaching in the high schools in Esfahan in spring 2008.A sample of 240 male and female teachers were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Research instruments were: a 47-item job satisfaction questionnaire, 20-item positive and negative affection scale, 5-item life satisfaction scale,4-item questionnaire on student’s violence against teachers and 7-item questionnaire on the belief in a just world. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the interaction between students’ violence against teachers and just world beliefs had not the predictive power for the prediction of positive affect, job and life satisfaction. But the interaction between students’ violence against teachers and just world belief had the predictive power for the prediction of negative affect. Posterior analysis also showed that only among teachers who were lower in just world beliefs, student’s violence against teachers has the predictive power for the prediction of negative affect.

This study aims at investigating risk and protective factors for substance use among the students studying in private university of Bandar Abas,Iran. Samples of 310 students were selected randomly. To collect the data, Substance abuse questionnaire (Bolhari, Taromian and Peyravi, 1385), perceived self-efficiency scale(Sheerer et al, 1982), life skills developmental scale (Darden and Ginter, 1996) and tendency scale(measuring students’ tendency to substance use) were used. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, t-test, one way ANOVA and Regression. The results showed that tendency to substance use had significant negative correlation with religious attitude, self- esteem, positive attitude to the university, self-efficacy and social skills. Furthermore, tendency to substance had positive correlation with the parents’ positive view on drugs. Among the risk and protective factors, the three factors, social skills, religious attitudes and aggression, could anticipate 47% of variance of tendency to substance use. The average tendencies to substance use between male and female and married and unmarried students are considerably more among male and married students respectively. There is also no significant difference between age difference and tendency to substance use. possibility of tendency to drug using by almost %47 of variance. The average tendencies to drug taking between male and female and married and unmarried students are considerably more from male and married students respectively. The age verity has no considerable difference in using drugs.

One of the most effective factors on child psychosocial development is the relationship between mother and child which is affected by parental self-efficacy. The aim of study was to investigate whether Psychosocial Child Development training program can increase positive mother-child relationship and parental self-efficacy. The method of this study was semi-trail with control group. primary samples were 43 mothers of children under three that were selected voluntarily from Imam reza, Qa’em and Razavi Kindergartens in Mashhad, Iran.and then they were voluntarily put in the experimental and control group. In the posttest stage, the samples of the study decreased to 30 subjects. Mothers filled out child-parent relationship and parental self-efficacy questionnaires in pretest, posttest and follow-up stages. Then the Data was analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results showed that Intervention increased parental self-efficacy significantly, but Positive mother-child relationship didn’t increase. In the domains of relationship, dependency increased but other domains such as conflict and closeness didn’t increase significantly. It seems that in spite of increasing of knowledge and parental self-efficacy, mother-child relationship was affected by other factors such as shortage of time for affecting, insufficient exercises, small sample and other uncontrolled factors.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of coping cat protocol on the coping strategies of children, aged 9 to 11 years old, afflicted with internalized disorder. This study was a true experimental research including pretest, posttest and a control group. The population of the study was all the children afflicted with internalized disorder in Tehran, Iran, and the sample of the study consisted of 80 children (40 children in the experimental group and 40 children in the control group) who were randomly selected based on the parents and teacher’s reports and interviews and the subjects received 16 sessions of coping cat program. Child Behavior check list(CBCL), Teacher Report Form(TRF) of Achenbach system of Empirically Based Assessment(Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), clinical Diagnosis Interview and Frydenberg & Luise’s(1992) coping strategies Questionnaire were used to evaluate the two groups before and after receiving treatment protocol. The factorial analysis of covariance revealed that there was significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of adjusted, unadjusted and solicitous coping strategies after posttest stage and gender factor did not moderate the outcomes.

Employees expect respect from their co-workers and supervisors and guarantee of job security which is appropriate for their efforts in the workplace. Also, those with overcommitment to work need to be more supported. A set of these variables are included in the effort-reward imbalance model. The objectives of this study were to assess validity of the ERI model and its effects on fatigue, emotional exhaustion, physical health and psychosomatic complaints. To test validity of ERI model, a sample of 235 personnel of an industrial company in Isfahan, Iran, was selected. To measure predictor variables, ERI questionnaire (Zurlo, Pes & Siegrist, 2010) was used. To measure criterion variables Including fatigue, emotional exhaustion, physical health and psychosomatic complaints, fatigue scale (Chalder & et al,1993),emotional exhaustion scale(Malach,1998),Physical health scale (Hilderbrandt & et al, 1991) and psychosomatic complaints scale(Driken,1969) were used respectively. Factor analysis of ERI scale elicit four subscale namely job security, respect, effort and overcommitment with favorable stability. The results showed that there was a positive relation between two subscales of respect and job security and criterion variables. There was also a negative relation between two subscales of effort and overcommitment and criterion variables. The results of this study can be of prime importance for the improvement of personnel’s health in the industrial environments.