فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پاییز 1388)

The purpose of present study (2005 -2006) was to recognize and investigate the lizards of two districs Khoranagh north eastern and Nadoshan north western of Yazed Province in Iranian central plateau. Investigation was carried out on the physical characteristics by using the keys in refrence book the Lizard of Iran by S.C.Anderson, 1999. During the present study 66 lizards were captured belonging to family Agamidae including:(genus Laudakia, species Laudakia nupta, subspecies Laudakia nupta nupta 6 males and 6 females(Khoranagh) and genus Trapelus, species Trapelus agilis, subspecies Trapelus agilis agilis 18 males and 17 females (Khoranagh – Nadoshan) and genus Phrynocephalus, species Phrynocephalus scutellatus 1 male and 1 female (Khoranagh) and family Lacertidae including:(genus Eremias, species Eremias persica 1 male and 1 female (Nadoshan) and genus Mesalina, species Mesalina watsonana 1 male and 1 famale (Khoranagh – Nadoshan) and family Gekkonidae including:(genus Bunopus, species Bunopus crassicauda 8 males and 7 females (Khoranagh - Nadoshan). The Laudakia nupta nupta and Trapelus agilis agilis and Bunopus crassicauda in the Khoranagh and also Trapelus agilis agilis in the Nadoshan has been recorded as common species, while Phrynocephalus scutellatus, Mesalina watsonana and Eremias persica are uncommon and endangered species in the both districts. This study also include: their morphological discription and coloration, biometric and meristic charactristics, habit and habitat, their diet and the kind of soil and plant of their living area, and also the symbiosis with their own kind and their sexual reproduction.

The plants are exposed to a wide variety of biotic and abiotic stresses; allelopathy is one of the important abiotic ones. Although allelopathy has been known as a problem in agriculture, nowadays evidences show that allelopathy has a beneficial role in weed management in different agroecosystems. Oat is one of the serious weeds of many fields; for instances, canola fields. In order to study the allelopathic effects of root and shoot of canola to control wild oat weed two separate experiments, germination and greenhouse, were done. Germination study was conducted as a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and four replications under optimum conditions (16 h light and 25 0C) in germinator. The first factor was the kind of organ (shoot and root) and the other factor was concentration in five different levels (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) of stock solution of canola, and the oat examination union was petri dish including 20 seeds. Every day the petri dish situations were considered, after seven days some seed germination criteria including: germination percentage and rate, plumule and radicle length of seedlings were measured. Statistical analysis of data showed that all water extracts had negative effects on all of measured characteristics specially reduced radicle length of seedlings. In addition, seed germination reached to zero in 80% concentration of water extract of canola shoot. Moreover, in order to study allelopathic effects of canola on growth of wild oat another experiment including different combination of two different section (shoot and root) of canola and four different amounts (0, 5, 10, 15 gkg-1soil) of these sections was done. The design of this experiment was the same design of the germination study as a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement, but with three replications under greenhouse conditions. After six weeks the percentage and rate of emergence and shoot and root dry weight of wild oat weed were measured. The results revealed that with increasing the amount of different sections of canola, emergence rate and shoot dry weight significantly decreased, so that the minimum of emergence percentage and rate was in 15% shoot treatment. In general, although the negative effects of shoot were more than that of root on germination percentage and rate in both experiments, the inhibition of canola root on the other parameters in second experiment was more than that of canola shoot.

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an abnormal build-up of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles and/or subarachnoid space, which leads to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). VEGF is the prime hypoxia inducible angiogenic factor. We assumed that increased ICP leads to reduced oxygen tension in brain tissue, which triggers VEGF gene transcription so, in the current work we aimed to study VEGF alternation in hydrocephalus. Measurements were performed on CSF and serum aliquots obtained from control (n=20) and hydrocephalic patients (n=25), age- and sex-matched, were collected by lumbar puncture (LP) in the children hospital medical center of Tehran from 2006 to 2008. VEGF and total protein concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Bradford method, respectively. VEGF and total protein concentrations were significantly elevated in hydrocephalus CSF samples compared with those in controls (p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). There was only a slight insignificant elevation in serum VEGF concentrations. Under normal conditions there is only diffuse expression of VEGF in the brain. In contrast, under local or systemic hypoxia, neurons, astrocytes, and microglial cells all show enhanced VEGF expression. The present study shows that VEGF concentrations are much higher in the CSF of children with hydrocephalus than in control samples and VEGF may be involved in hydrocephalus pathophysiology.

Various studies indicate that gonadal hormones exert modulatory effects on pain threshold. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of testosterone in the response by male rats to thermal nociceptive stimulation. 7 week old albino (Wistar) rats were randomly divided into control, sham and orchidectomised groups. Thermal pain threshold was measured through tail immersion test (55°C water bath). The pain threshold was measured as the time required eliciting a flick of the tail which called analgesia time. Serum testosterone and prolactin level was also measured. Serum testosterone level as well as analgesia time were not significantly changed 10 days after orchidectomy; however, decreased 20 or 40 days after orchidectomy compared with control male rats (p<0.01). Serum prolactin level was not significantly changed 10 or 20 days after orchidectomy; however, was decreased 40 days after operation compared with 20 days after orchidectomy (p<0.01). Our findings clearly indicate that depletion of testostrerone 20 or 40 days after orchidectomy modulates the pain-induced behavioral responses related to thermal nociception in male animals.

The effect of ecotourism on plant biodiversity in Tandore National park was investigated. To this aim the biodiversity, richness, evenness and dominance between the high and low pressure zones were compared in this study. In order to study the plant biodiversity 30 plots with an area of 1m squares selected systematic randomly in per zone and the cover percent in each plot was counted subjectively. The sample plots were collected from the altitudes between 1000-1200 above sea level and in the range slopes between 30 to 65 degrees in the spring of 2009. Due to the data normality, the non-paired T test used to compare the two zones. The results showed that the diversity, richness, dominance indices show a significant difference but, the evenness indices show no difference between zones. Key words: Ecotourism, biodiversity, Evenness, Dominance, Richness.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalence human pathogen in Pseudomonas genus. P.aeruginosa are part of the normal human gastrointestinal (GI) tract flora, most laboratories do not report it in stool culture even with a pure or predominant growth, but many studies showed that P.aeruginosa in the stool can cause serious, sometimes fatal infections.(Ya-Ling Cheng et al 2009) 66 stool speciments collected from Urmia City hospitals. The isolates were identified as a P.aeruginosa based on gram stain, oxidase test, triple sugar iron (TSI) fermentation, color, pyocyanin pigment production, an ability to grow at 42°c. their antibiotic sensitivity determined by using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique which standardized by NCCLS suggestion. From 66 stool speciments, 3(4.5%) have pure growth of P.aeruginosa. antibiotic resistance of this isolates to Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Cefepime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime respectively was 0,0,0,0,33.3,66.6. normally P.aeruginosa exists in 10% of healthy human stool speciments. In our study this rate was 4.5% and their resistance to common antibiotics was low. So, on time precaution and treat can prevent other complication such as diarrhea, real infections and so on.

In order to evaluate seed vigour tests on emergence three common wheat cultivars Mahdavi, Qods and Roshan an experiment as randomized complete block design with three replication was conducted during 2006-2007 in laboratory, to study of germination standard test, first count test, seedling growth rate, Staining index tetrazolium tests and electrical conductivity. And also a field work as randomized complete block design with three replications was done at experimental station of agricultural collage of Islamic Azad University Dameghan to study percentage and speed of seedling emergence Roshan and Mahdavi and Qods cultivars had lower and higher percentage and speed of seedling emergence, respectively.There was significant positive correlation between seed vigour tests,percentage and speed of seedling emergence. Among the seed vigour tests, first count, seedling growth rate (dry matter accumulation) and staining index tetrazolium tests had the highest correlation with percentage and speed of seedling emergence. So these tests are recognized as the best tests to evaluate seed vigour.

Rastrelliger kanagurta is one of tuna fish species and is a good nutrition for many aquatic such sharks, dolphin.....Its meat is very delicious for human too. So this fish have high significant economic role and plays important roles in ecosystem and bioprocess. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of biometric,ecologic changes on reproduction cycle of Talal fish in IRAN. For this purpose, from July2008- June2009 in each month, 50 fishes randomly were collected from Persian gulf and oman sea. Water temperature and salinity was recorded too. After separation females from males, body length and weight and also liver and gonads weight in male fishes was measured for GSI, HSI investigations for realize the best time of spermatogenesis in Rastrelliger kanagurta. Morphological studies of testicle was used. Ecological conditions of water (salinity,temperature) in each season were recorded and were showed in diagram Our studies indicated that gonad index(GSI) in spring(Ordibehesht) had increase and in addition gradually increase in testicle weight and fish body length and weight observed. HIS (hepatic index) indicated slow liver growth during the maturity. Due to GSI peak in Ordibehesht maturation and gametogenesis in this investigation, is reported in spring. moreover, with GSI increase, length and weight were growthed, Thus its hope that this result can be important in reproduction and breeding of this economic sample.