فصلنامه رهبری و مدیریت آموزشی
سال سوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1388)

This research paper was carried out by means of a descriptive-measuring method to review the role of university in creating social capital in order to present a model for improving high education system. Statistical population in this study were all 620 full-time faculty members of Kerman province Azad Universities in academic year 2008-09 (N=620). A number of 175 were selected using relative random sampling. Two researcher-designed questionnaires were used to collect data. 54 variables and sub-components were extracted based on the literature reviewed; The first questionnaire was compiled to determine the status quo of social capital. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in the field, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach Alpha (98%). By use of factor analysis, 7 main components (namely organizational identity, capability making, cooperation and public benefit, knowledge sharing and creating intellectual capital, trust and solidarity, cooperative management and awareness) and 54 sub-components were recognized.Results revealed that trust and solidarity, had the highest mean and cooperative management had the lowest mean as the main components. Sub-components such as commitment and belonging, leadership power and management, benevolence, generosity, creating relationship between knowledge-holders and knowledge-seekers, accessibility to the need-groups had the highest mean, while sub-components as glorification and appreciation, justice, tendency toward collective objective, fostering innovation and creativity, solidarity in the entire organization and cooperative management had the lowest mean, reflecting undesirable conditions in these areas. Results also showed that there was no significant difference between respondent's opinions concerning variables of sex, education and working record. There were some differences, however, regarding variables of scientific rank and university location; regarding scientific rank, the highest social capital was related to (professors) and the lowest to teachers. Also, concerning place of employment, Zarand Town and Kerman City had the highest and lowest social capital respectively. According to findings of the first questionnaire, the second one was compiled with 5 parts (philosophy and objectives, theoretical fundamentals, perceptual framework, executive steps and evaluation system). Then, it was valued (96%) using Mathematical expectation.

The relationship between entrepreneurship which has the feature of art, innovation and creativity and effectiveness which has the feature of organizational administration and management needs to be scrutinized. As the result of library study and researcher's attention to two concepts of entrepreneurship and effectiveness in Kerman schools, the main hypothesis of this research indicated that there should be a relationship between entrepreneurship traits and female high school principal's effectiveness in Kerman. The three key factors that stand for entrepreneurship traits are personality traits, past records and background, and experiences. All the principals (N=57) working in Kerman female high schools in academic year 2006-07 were considered as the statistical population. The tools for gathering data were two researcher-made questionnaires: "entrepreneurship traits" and "effectiveness". Cronbach's Alpha (0.73) was used as the measure of reliability and their content and construct validity was obtained using the available resources and opinions of clear-sighted persons and their reliability was determined using tests and correlation coefficient. Required date was collected from research samples and was analyzed using descriptive statistical indexes and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results revealed that there was no meaningful relationship between entrepreneurship traits and principal's effectiveness in Kerman female high schools. Therefore, in the existing situation, one could not predict the principal's effectiveness based on entrepreneurship traits, i.e. personality traits, past records and background, and their work experiences. The result demonstrates the necessity of including the goal of improving entrepreneurship and its features in the list of educational goals and school functions in order to increase the principal's effectiveness. So, there is transformational need in regulations and job description of the principals for the establishment and development of entrepreneurship training.

Purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of creativity instruction on meat cognition components of creative thinking among university students. Experimental method was used including pre-test and post-test with control group. Bu use of purposive sampling method, a sample population of 26 male and female students was selected. Creative thinking Torrance test B figural form was used to measure creativity. Results showed that creativity instruction could increase the creative thinking of students and difference between the experimental and control group in creativity component was significant.

The pupose of this study was to determine Relationship Between Organizational Intelligence and Organizational Learning among Faculty members and Staffs in Zone 1 of Islamic Azad University in order to ensign a model for improving Organizational Learning. 156 staffs and 169 faculty members were selected randomly from the Faculties and Staffs in Zone 1 of Islamic Azad University. Nife's Organizational Learning (2001) and Albrecht Organizational Intelligence (2003) questionnaires were used to collect data. Two variable regressions, stepwise and multiple regression in an inter mode were used to analyze the data. Results showed that the dimensions of Organizational Intelligence in each groups has appositive meaningful relation with Organizational Learning. Such variables as common fate, tendency towards change and the mood in order had a higher percentage of variance in Organizational Learning. The results of the predicted model of Organizational Learning by means of variables such as the Organizational Intelligence showed the amount of the variance of the Organizational learning by variables like the common fate, the mood, applying the knowledge & pressure of the performance was 83%. The rate of the variance of the common fate on the basis of variables such as the mood, applying the knowledge & pressure of the performance was 61% and the variance for mood by means of applying the knowledge & pressure of the performance was 50%. The rate of the variance for applying knowledge by the variable of pressure of the performance was 67 %.

The purpose of this survey was to study the relationship between job factors (job satisfaction, job burnout) and organizational factors (organizational commitment, organizational climate) with the organizational citizenship behavior of members of the faculty of Islamic Azad University – Zone 1 branches, in order to provide an appropriate model. The statistical population of this study consisted of all 3100 faculty members of Islamic Azad University – Zone 1 branches, in 2008-2009 academic year. 397 were selected as sample population by use of random sampling method. Five questionnaires namely: organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction, job burnout, organizational commitment and organizational climate were used to collect the required data. Such statistical methods as one sample t-test Pearson's correlation coefficient, cronbach alpha, multivariate regression and path analysis were used to analyzed the data. Results showed that the onset of organizational citizenship behavior among the faculty members was little higher than the average level. The variables of job satisfaction and organizational commitment had a positive effect on the organizational citizenship behavior while job burnout and organizational climate had a negative effect on it. Of the job satisfaction components, the components of works nature, satisfaction with colleagues and satisfaction with the salary and benefits had the ability to predict organizational citizenship behavior. Of the three job burnout components, that is, personal accomplishment, depersonalization and emotional exhaustion, all were able to predict organizational citizenship behavior in the reverse direction. Of the three components of organizational commitment, only the component of normative commitment was able to predict the organizational citizenship behavior in the positive direction. Of the five components of organizational climate, only the component of the manager's supportive behavior was able to predict the organizational citizenship behavior in the positive direction.

The purpose of this research was to assess literature teacher’s needs of Izeh’s guidance schools. Research questions were raised considering educational need, techniques for classroom management, new teaching methods & methods in assessing students. Statistical population included all managers, experts & Persian literature guidance school. 211 individuals were selected randomly as the sample population. The researcher-designed questionnaire contained 42 close-ended question. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated 0.87 bases on cronbach’s alpha. For analyzing the data collected, central tendency measures as well as inferential statistics like one variable T, Hetling T, independent T & LSD test were used. The results showed that teacher’s needs toward classroom management methods with the mean of 3.87, methods for motivation reinforcement with the mean of 3.89, ways for creating new teaching technique with the mean of 3.80 & learners assessing methods with the mean of 3.78. Classroom management methods allocated the he highest teacher’s need to itself with the mean of 4.21. Assessing students received the lowest mean 3.50. There was found no significant difference between teacher’s background knowledge, position & gender, but there has been differences in the case of their fields of education.

This study was conducted to study the relationship between procrastination and job satisfaction of the educational staff of the trade promotion organization of Iran. The method of the study was descriptive of correlation-design. All participants completed the Lay`s procrastination questionnaire and job descriptive index(IDI). 150 paticipants were selected randomly from among 234 employees based on Morgan`s table. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods as well as pearson correlation. The results showed that: In general, there was not a significant relationship between procrastination and job nature. But among the different components of job satisfaction, there was found a significant relationship between procrastination and co-worker characteristics, pay, andpromotion. On the other hand 2.72 percent of procrastination variation was axplained by co-worker characteristics, and 4.28 percent of procrastination variation was explained by pay and 5.66 percent by job promotion.

This research is accordingly an attempt to address the issue of job-creation in cooperative sector so as to find out what position the cooperative system occupies in the development of job opportunities for university graduates. It is in fact a helpful approach to job-creation for the graduates. A quantitative research method was used to achieve the objectives of the research. The statistical population consisted managers of cooperatives formed by university graduates; 240 were selected as sample size. The required data was collected by a questionnaire followed by validity and reliability tests. The research findings revealed that studied group had relatively agreeable attitudes towards cooperative sector and performing economic activities in the cooperative setting. According to the findings, a set of factors are needed to be taken into consideration in the process of cooperative formation, including: knowledge on employment opportunities and on labor market situation; knowledge on how cooperatives are formed; knowledge on the potentials and capacities of the cooperative sector; information about state supports of the sector; strong motivations among graduates for making more money (economic incentive); and the required supports in terms of equipment and financial assistance. This research has developed mechanisms that may support development of graduates-specific cooperatives.