فصلنامه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق خشک
پیاپی 1 (پاییز 1389)

North East of Iran sometime is influenced by heavy precipitation (HP) that causes plentiful damages. This paper aim to classifying and identifying the atmospheric circulation patterns related to heavy precipitation. This work increases my understanding from dynamic mechanisms that is generated by heavy precipitation. In this research، a heavy precipitation day has been considered if at least in three stations HP is more than 15 mm. Therefore، we have selected 186 days from October to May for a 37-year period (1970 – 2006). As well as، NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis data in the spatial resolution of 2. 5 × 2. 5 degrees including daily average of 500 hpa geopotential height، Sea level pressure and wind components (U، V) at the 500 hpa and 850 hpa level were used over the region 20 – 60 N and 20˚W-70˚E. For classifying the data of geopotential height and obtaining their patterns، we have used subjective and quantitative methods. At the first، we used Principle Component Analysis (PCA) method on S-mode analysis. Then by using scree plot، 9 principal components (PC) - that is covered about 91% of total of the variance- were selected. Then the non-hierarchical K-means method was used to cluster of the data that were obtained from PCA. Also we have analyzed 6-hour maps of each day by using subjective method from 72-hours ago. As a result، this paper showed that there are three main patterns for heavy precipitations including: Sudanese Low-pressures، Sudanese -Mediterranean composite low-pressures and Mediterranean low-pressures. Among these patterns، the heaviest of precipitations is related to Soudan low pressure.

In geomorphology there are variety methods to separate and identify the formic units. One of them is Hierarchy Theory. In this paper study area is Gavkhoni Playa. The purpose of this study is to identify separation and display formic units by using GIS and RS techniques hierarchically. To achieve this aims، topographic maps (1:25000، 1:50000)، geological map (1:250000)، satellite image of sensor ETM of Landsat 7 and field observations were used. To earn geomorphic map it is necessary to produce formic unit''s maps (land view، land feature and land forms and lithology map). The results indicate Gavkhoni Playa is a geomorphic landscape. This unit composed of some landviews. Every land view consists of land feathers and geoforms. The results indicate the ability of RS and GIS Techniques to identify units and produce geomorphic map. The map helps us to evaluate land suitability and environmental management of study area.

Urban good governance is the consensus point of all social actors that traces back to New Public Management viewpoint that it was entered to development literature by the agency of World Bank and Habitat and some other international agents since the late of 1980s and it has deconstruction view to urban planning and by participation and interaction between the main actors of urban management، that is، civil society، government and market and private sector، passing from the only pattern of city development that based on instrumental rationality and construct on the base of social capital of citizenship and communitarian rationality، take the substitute pattern of communitarian urbanization. In this article by deductive reasoning and by taking consideration to variety of urban good governance components، its indices were selected parallel with independent variable of research as social capital. Given statistical society to evaluate the dependent variable of research (urban good governance) is Tabriz municipality as formal and government agent، city council as the most pervasive civil agent and citizenship and private sector as market component. Conclusions of research articulate there are meaningful correlation between creating of urban good governance through civil society and social capital.

Understanding the climatic characteristics of a region plays a key role in sustainable development. The Esfahan province is extensive; this factor has caused it variety climates. The regionalization climate of Esfahan has conducts with new methods of regionalization such as factor analysis and cluster analysis. The 25 variables have been selected from 12 stations for this purpose. The investigation of climate of province by applying factor analysis method indicates that there are 5 factors which control climate of Esfahan. These factors in important order are: precipitation، temperature، clear sky and sunlight، windy and dusty، warm and moisture import respectively. One of cluster analysis on five climate factors determined that four climatic regions exist.

The main aim of this research is recognition of the rural women’s role in development of agriculture in Bonab which is one of the District of Azarbayjan Sharghi and also identification of effective variables (individual، family and organizational variables) on their participation in different agricultural activities. The research is descriptive – analytical and on the basis of surveying studies، the necessary information was accumulated، described and analyzed statistically. The 353 rural women who are active in different agricultural affairs، on the basis of Kukran formula، were selected as a sample from among eight best villages in Bonab and then they were given questionnaires by using the method of simple random sampling. For describing and analyzing the data، by using SPSS software، the unit sample t-tests، t-students and stepwise were used. The result holds that local women’s most participation is in also a meaningful relation between rural women’s individual factors or their family traits and their participation in productive activities.

Nebkas are generally appearing in regions that amount of sand is average and sufficient moisture was existed for life of vegetation. Overall، Nebka is self organization reaction of ecosystem against windy erosion stress. In the other word، environmental system is trying to adjust the pressure of windy erosion by the creation of this feature. A wide variety of Nebka landscape is observed in green border of the Sirjan Playa. The aim of this study is comparative grouping of Nebkas in the eastern north of Sirjan Playa، and introduction of the most appropriate type for quicksand stabilization، using analysis of Nebka morphometric parameters، via TOPSIS algorithm. This algorithm is one of the methods of multiple criteria decision making، that it combines the quantitative and qualitative indicators and weights according to importance of each criterion، can help decision makers to choose the best alternative. For this achievement، first، the most important morphometric parameters of 392 Nebkas from Tamarix Macatensis، Seidlitzia Florida، Alhagi Mannifera and Reaumuria Turcestanica type were measured by linear sampling in field. Then، the studied Nebkas were prioritized using comparative evaluation by TOPSIS algorithm. The results show that Tamarix Macatensis Nebka، with weight of 0. 818، has the highest of effect in stabilization of quicksand. Seidlitzia Florida Nebka، with weight of 0. 151، has less important than Tamarix Macatensis Nebka and higher priority than Alhagi Mannifera and Reaumuria Turcestanica Nebkas. In front، Reaumuria Turcestanica and Alhagi Mannifera Nebkas، with weights of 0. 028 and 0. 002، have the lowest of efficiency respectively. Therefore، for implementation of stabilization projects of mobile sands in study area، firstly، development of Tamarix Macatensis Nebka system and in the second stage، development of Seidlitzia Florida Nebka system have the highest of importance and efficiency. The results of this study will be beneficial in systemic management of desert regions and stabilization projects of quicksand.

Recent droughts intensity in Iran has caused great losses in rural community. Thus one of the important aspects of drought mitigation and planning is the assessment vulnerability in order to increase farmer''s ability to adapt to harmful events. The purpose of this study was to assess the technical and psychological vulnerability of wheat farmers during drought in Sarpolezahab، Islamabad، and Javanrood Townships in Kermanshah province. This study used a survey design and collected data from 370 wheat farmers using multistage stratified sampling techniques. Face to face interview was used to collect data from farmers who experienced drought during 1386-1386. Technical and psychological vulnerability indices were selected from literature review and pilot study. Then Vulnerability formula used to assess technical and psychological vulnerability of wheat farmers during drought. Result revealed highest vulnerability for farmers in Javanrood Township in terms of technical parameter and farmers in Sarpolezahab Township in terms of psychological parameter. Whereas، farmers in Islamabad Gharb had less vulnerable coefficient in respect to technical and psychological vulnerability. The results of this study can be implied by drought management decision makers in that drought relief programs could be based on the rate of technical and psychological vulnerability of farmers.