مجله پژوهش های جامعه شناختی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 14، پاییز 1387)

The current study aims to examine women’s satisfaction about marital relations and the factors affecting it. This is survey and library method research and a questionnaire is used to collect data. The study’s population consists of married women under the age of 40 domiciled in Tehran. The sample size was 400 persons and subjects were selected randomly by cluster sampling. The results showed that there is a high correlation between the degree of sexual satisfaction and the following variables: Age, dictatorial and patriarchal ways of upbringing, life skills, incorrect understanding of religious teachings, satisfaction of economic situation, emotional interaction, satisfaction of other aspects of life, incorrect learning on sex relations, socializing way. Path analysis shows that, the variable, satisfaction of other aspects of life with coefficient 0.43 affects sexual satisfaction. incorrect learning on sex relations with coefficient 0.23, age with coefficient -0.19, husband’s education level with coefficient 0.14, satisfaction of economic conditions with coefficient 0.11, incorrect understanding of religious teachings with coefficient 0.1, life skills with coefficient 0.1, affect sexual satisfaction. R2, the estimated variance of the model’s variables is 0.54. It shows that the model’s variables can explain more than half of the variable’s variance (sexual satisfaction).

The role of women, in family and social organization, face great changes due to national and global changes in human societies. The emergence of modern values and attitudes among women lead to the creation of women’s resistances in family and social fields also the expanding of mass communication and information centers influence on the reproduction of different values about gender and individual identities. This paper tries to recognize the outcomes of some social factors on women’s gender identities. It will also evaluate the women’s perceptions on their own gender identities influenced by different social factors. Some theories like sociological, social psychological and feminist are used. This is a survey –documentary method research based on field study and interview. The population of the study is women that came to library, aged 20 to 40 and the sample size is 330women who are selected through stratified random sampling. Having gathered the data, SPSS software is used for data processing. The results show that by the increasing the ages of women, gender identity is more affected under the influence of patriarchy relations rather than the decreasing of ages that is mostly influenced under capitalism relations. The result of the Path analysis indicate that capitalism relations consider as the highest effect in women aged 20-30 and patriarchy relations consider as the highest effect in women aged 30-40.

The present article tries to study and explore women `attitude toward personal ownership as the one of the most important element in having power and decision-making in family. Therefore, the study of knowledge and attitude of individuals as the infrastructure of programming and decision-making and guidance of the mutual interaction between family members can explore the ground for recognition of understandings and misunderstandings. Attitude as a kind of knowledge formed based on affection, feeling, and cognition can naturally be influential in the relationships among family members. After preliminary studies, interview with experts and referees, and correction of the questionnaire and the necessary validity, the sample size is 640 people who are selected randomly by cluster sampling. A questionnaire is used to collect data. Having gathered the data, SPSS software is used for data processing. The results indicate a high grade of women's attitude toward personal ownership in Noshahr and Chaloos. Variables such as the degree of security in social and family life, degree of authority, kind of evaluation from personal ownership, level of education, and family and professional condition have been influential in obtaining high attitude grade. As a conclusion of this study show that structural and functional factors have strong effect on individual's attitude towards ownership. In addition, the more involved in socio-economic relations, the higher grade they give to personal ownership.

The research methods in social science are divided in various ways in the methodology, such as qualitative/quantitative, experimental/non experimental, Intensive /extensive, description / explanation, application/ fun dental and rational/experimental. However, these various analyses and multiple definitions suffer from lack of accuracy for distinguishing them from each other. Qualitative researches are based on the works of ethno methodologists, psychologists, social psychologists, historian and literary criticism. Qualitative researches have based-researcher, depth and accuracy methods that are used for discovering the meaning of social and cultural phenomena and the clearness of mental behavior process. Critical Discourse Analysis such as Qualitative method has presented by Norman Furlough. This approach is interdisciplinary study that - from middle of 1960 since middle of 1970- was formed after great scientific-knowledge changes in human and social science branch among those who were interested in studying and researching of power and inequality discourse dimensions. The approach draws from social theory like Karl Marx, Antonio Gramsci, Louis Althusser, Jürgen Habermas, Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu - in order to examine power. This approach due to interdisciplinary form, become as one of the qualitative methods in various field of politic science, social science, communication and critical linguistics. The central point of this article is discussion about Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis as qualitative method in social science.

Theory of decline of political thought in Iran is one of the highest contemporary theories because of its relationship with the development and its problems in Iran. Tabatabai is the author of such acclaimed books as Philosophical Introduction to the History of Political Thought in Iran; Decline of Political Thought in Iran; Essay on Ibn- Khaldun: Impossibility of Social Sciences in Islam, Nizam al-Mulk and Iranian Political Thought: Essay on the Continuity of the Iranian Thought. This article tries to study about theory of decline of political thought that includes following subtitles: Problem statement of decline thought, methodological approach, historical signs theory, the ways of deliverance, Positive and negative analyzes of theory, critics, and conclusions.

Security consider as the one of the basic phenomena in social life and part of individual and social needs. Security plays an important role in development. In transition period, some of the rules and social relations face with many changes so the levels of expectation of people change too. The basic question is that how can police behavior help to creation of security and reduction of crimes. The population society is Garmsar citizens who were selected through simple random sampling also direct observation, interview, questionnaiaire and camera are used to collect data. The findings show that police can be successful in reduction of crimes and improvement of participation due to the appropriate behavior with citizens. Police can behave based on rationality and orderly as people act according to their norms and rules in the absence of police, the matter that reinforce self-control in the society.

This article tries to explain social participation with the emphasizing on the role of NGO in increasing of social capital. This is a documentary and field study research. The Population society included 820 NGOs of Tehran city. The sample size, based on Cochran `s formula, was 260 NGOs which were selected through quota sampling. The data collected by questionnaires. These NGOs have many activities such as family health, religious and voluntary matters, women, environment, children and teenagers, science and technology, cultural and artistic affairs. The result shows that organizational structure of NGOs affecting on social participation. The performance of NGOs plays an important role in answering and pellucid ness. The goals and performance of NGOs plays an important role in collective solidarity. Finally, the effective performance of NGOs for achieving to the development can increase social integration and trust therefore social bonding expand among citizens and lead to the increasing of participation and social capital.