مجله پژوهش های جامعه شناختی
سال یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 10، پاییز 1386)

The present study was an attempt for to investigate the social participation among the youth in Tehran. The theorical framework of the study is based on reviewing of the related literatures particularly the theories of social capital of Colman, Social interaction of parsons', anomy of Emil Durkim and Merton. The sample was included 1067 participants in ages of 20 - 30. and were selected by cluster sampling (P=0/03). The validity of instrument was measured by Running Factor Analysis. The reliability was estimated by Alpha Cronbach Test. The results of the study indicate that: there is a significant correlation between the social cooperation of participants and variables of social capital, education level, social belief, social attachment, social relations, social alienation, political alienation, marital status, age and sex. The results of the multivariate regression analysis and the path analysis also show that the variables of social capital, social confidence, social attachment, social alienation, political alienation, instrumental Relations are significantly correlated with social participation. They predict 71% of the variance of social participation. The social formlessness and social-political alienation have shown the greatest impact on the social participation (B=- 0/49 and -0/36, Respectively). also results of the path analysis indicate that the social formlessness, social attachment and social alienation and political alienation have the greatest direct or indirect impact on the social participation.

In this article, we studied and analyzed one of fundamental concepts in Bourdiue’s theories. For studying of complex and mixed subjects, we analyzed types of capital, social space and field. Bourdiue in capital types emphasizes on complexity and importance of inequality in human society. He also accepts the concept of capital in the theory of Marx and trays to alliance his theory with theory of Weber.Bourdiue Continuously moves in this concept between structure and agency. He presents four types of capital in dimensions of objective (economic capital) and subjective (Cultural capital, Symbolic capital and social capital) that enhance to inequality system in a social space. For him the capital is a means of distinction in social class so this is difference of Bourdiue’s capital theory and other theorists of capital.

The relation of generations had been considered in throughout of history of humanity. Social researchers have presented the hypothesis of consensus and conflict and changing models of relations between old and youth persons. Tendency to the religion has been one of the most important problems of human. The human that doesn’t have any ideas and beliefs is a straggle human being and can’t answer to the ethic and social problems. In this research the main question was: is there any significant difference in the religious between Tehranian mothers and their daughters? For to answer to this question we studied 400 teenager girls and their mothers. Method of sampling was clustered and the sample was selected from regions of education of 1,6 and 11.We reviewed studies about this subject and the method of research was documentary and survey. The technique of data gathering was the questionnaire and the theoretical framework was based on Bangson’s perspective on the generation gap. We tested six hypothesis and results indicate that there isn’t any significant difference between two generations in belief to unification of God, prophecy of Hazrate Mohammad and Moaad. there is a little significant difference between two generations in other variables.

The main hypothesis of this study was: there is a significant relation between dimensions of poverty and illegality. Also these variables effect on social pathogens. For testing this hypothesis, we studied marginals of Akhmaghiyeh of Tabriz. The sample size was 380 that was selected by systematic random sampling. The hypothesis based upon cultural theories of Oscar Luise, Merton,Saterland and Kolman. The technique of gathering of data was the questionnaire and the interview. The Results indicate that the law has been violated by 90% marginals at least once during Farvardin,Ordibehesht,Khordad and Tir months 1387.In this region, the violation of law is a serious problem and has the significant relation to cultural-social status of marginals. The results of multivariate regression show that: there is a significant correlation between variables of family size, the social origin of parents, the culture of poverty, the educational level, the type of attitude to law and the illegality.

The Hirsch’s Social Control Theory includes four parts: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Attachment is an internalized relationship by a person (Hirschi, 1969). Commitment is the importance of social activities in life of an individual (Hirschi, 1969; Alston, et.al., 2001). Involvement is amount of actual time has been spent for social activities(Hirschi, 1969; Alston, et.al., 2001).The belief is the morals that one feels should follow (Hirschi, 1969).According to results of this research, Hirshci’ s Social Control Theory is still important for predicting status of offenses. We used Hirshi’s theory and studied 363 teenager girls in Sari city by the survey method. Independent variables were: the attachment to parents and teachers, the loyalty to friends, the family consult, the school commitment, beliefs, the occupation in school. Sex, age, financial situation were control variables. Results of the multivariate regression show that the delinquency of peer groups, the frequency of media exposure, the delinquency of parents, the negative evaluation of parents and teachers explained the greatest amount of variance of the juveniles delinquency.

F.G. is one of the best and currently applied instruments in qualitative researches. In This research, We have one main Subject and it will be the focus of discussion in the selected group. At first. P. Lazarsfeld used this method. We can use F.G. as an exploratory research. We can use it at the end of a research, but, it is possible to use F.G. as an independent tool. When we use this method we have to observe many considerations: At first, we have to determine the dimensions of the subject. Then, we have to select a participant for each dimension. We have to define the competency criteria for each participant, More over, we have to select a competent monitor. Time management and assessment of any participant is also necessary. We call it a posteriori evaluation. F.G as a tool has many privileges but it has some bottlenecks: F. G, is applied in a specific culture therefore, any problem related to the culture will be reflected in the validity of data obtained by this instrument. However, This tool is a useful one in conducting social research.

In the level of family and individual (micro level) individual and social groups health is effected by two factors: The first one is lifestyle, it means that behavior patterns are determining of diet and nourishment, exercise, recreation, sleeping, job activities, drinking alcoholic liquors, smoking cigarette and drugs, manner of hygienic cares of body and soul, health and disease. These behavior patterns are strongly effected by the second factor - socio- economic status. In this study the style therapy is one of the dimensions of the style of life. Style therapy is behavior patterns of individual against diseases. The main question in this research is: are there any differences in reaction to the disease situation between the new rich class and the old rich class when their socio-economic status is similar? The indexes of socio-economic status as a independent variable are: income, the price of residential house, Job and education. Demographical variables are: age, sex, family size, job status, married status, kind of family and religious commitment. The index of style therapy as a dependent variable is times of referring to medic. This study was conducted in Tehran city on a sample of 700 people in 1384 (2005).Findings indicate: 1- There is not any differences between two stratum of the new rich and the old rich. 2-These strata have significant difference in their pattern of treatment. 3-there is a significant relation between educational status and style therapy of the new rich stratum and between job status and style therapy of the old rich stratum.

Television as a mass media together with the production of hobby for citizens helps to education and socialization of them and the transfer of socio cultural norms. So It is an important means for the preservation and transfer of cultural norms. In this Research the main goal was the possibility of designing of an appropriate model of producing familial TV serials based on communicational techniques which play a special role in educating of the family institution as the smallest unit of society. Research Method was content analysis, the statistical universe was consist: all of Iranian familial serials broadcasted from television from may 21th to September 26th 2006.Sample was included Iranian familial serials including: narges, first night of calmness, the photographer’s studio, kind spirit, life conditional on laugh. Measuring Tools were reverse questionnaire and categorical techniques. Planning: consist of main questions, dependent and independent variables, categories, categorical measuring tools. most communicational techniques used in Iranian family movies serials are kinds of stimulus and responses 30.45%, characteristic plan,27.42%,cognitive plan: 26.72% and social and motivational plans are at the lowest level.