نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 13 (زمستان 1389)

The main aim of this study was ultrasonographic identification of the anterior chamberand vitreous of buffalo eyes, and their measurements. In this study anterior and vitreouseye chambers as a transparent environment with specific refractive index material wereevaluated by ultrasonography in 15 buffaloes. In addition to displaying their status byultrasonography in both sides of the body in two-dimensional imaging, depths of themalong the front- hind axis were measured. Results indicated scans of buffalo eyes weresimilar to other animals especially the cow. Mean, and SD depth of the anterior eyechambers were 0.290±0.014 cm and the mean, SD depth of the vitreous chambers were1.676±0.033 cm. Comparison between the average depths of anterior chamber andvitreous in right sides with a similar average in left sides revealed no statisticallysignificant differences.

Iodine is an essential trace element for dairy cattle. Recent studies in Iran showed thatendemic goiter is prevalent in many parts of Iran as well as Isfahan. In the winter, andsummer, 11 dairy farms from different geographical reigns in Isfahan were selectedrandomly for iodine status study. Blood, and milk samples were collected from 135milking cows in the summer, and 162 cows in winter. A total number of 367 bloodsamples, and 267 milk samples were collected. Lactating cows that were in a similarcondition were selected for this study. The total plasma (or serum) iodine, and iodine inmilk were assayed by the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. The results of this study showed that,Iodine in blood ranged from (Minimum) 9.93 μg/l to 46.15 μg/l (Maximum) in winter andfrom 17.9 μg/l (Minimum) to 56.17 μg/l (Maximum). The result of this study showed that,milk iodine level was not a good index for iodine statues in dairy cattle; it was veryvariable because of teat dipping during every milking. This study indicated that imputes ofcommon mineral supplements could not adequately provide iodine for dairy cattle diet inthese farms.

In this survey, a year-round study (2007-2008) was carried out on gastrointestinaltracts of 100 sheep that have been slaughtered in Industrial Abattoir of Kermanshah. Theanatomic boundaries among gastrointestinal compartments were ligated and transported toparasitology lab for helminth parasitic evaluation. The results showed that, overallinfection rate in this study was 82%. In parasitological study eight nematodes:Marshalagia marshalli (46%), Ostertagia circumcincta (10%), Haemonchus contortus(2%), Nematodirus oiratianus (54%), Trichuris ovis (18%), Skrjabinema ovis (6%),Oesophagostomum venulosum (2%), and Chabertia ovina (2%); three cestodes:Thysaniezia giardi (8%), Moniezia expansa (8%), and Moniezia benedeni (6%) and notrematodes were found. The highest and lowest infestation rates were related toMarshalagia marshalli (163) in abomasum and Moniezia expansa (1) in small intestine,respectively. In this study, the highest infection and infestation rates of gastrointestinalhelminth parasites were recorded for nematodes. In this regard, Nematodirus oiratianus insmall intestine, Marshalagia marshalli in abomasums, and Trichuris ovis in large intestinehas the most prevalence among all identified helminths. In conclusion, the scientificstrategic campaigning against this category of helminth in Kermanshah district is aninevitable task.

Coccidiosis is one of the important parasitic diseases in poultry industry. Diagnosis insubclinical cases is difficult, and usual OPG measurement method is not valuable forcorrect assessment of infected farms. This study tries to achieve the new factors forassessment of lesion scores via lesion scoring parameters along with maduramycincoccidiostat administration.75 Ross strain broiler chicks were randomly divided into 3groups including: negative control group, positive control group and maduramycin testgroup OPG rate evaluated at the day of 23 in 3 groups, and then 5 chicks were randomlysacrificed in each group and lesion score indices plus chick weight, the hole weight ofgastrointestinal tract, length and weight of small intestine were examined. Tukey andSheffer statistical tests, Pearson correlation and 't' tests were used for analysis of results.OPG rate in maduramycin test group were significantly decreased in comparison withpositive control, also the weight mean of positive control were significantly decreased incomparison with negative control and maduramycin test group (P < 0.001). The mean oflesion scores in maduramycin group were significantly decreased in comparison withpositive control. With regard to results, two indices of gut looseness, and gut mucosaldestruction rate should be considered for lesion score evaluation and necessity of effectiveanticoccidial drugs administration is recommended by farmers in prevention and controlof disease.

In this study 384 serum samples from dogs of Sarab district was prepared, and wereexamined by using Elisa, and IFA serological tests. Seroprevalence rate (SPR) of CVL instudied dogs with the Elisa and IFA,. The highest number of infected dogs between threeyear old dogs (25.7%) and the lowest number of infection between one year old dogs(2.9%) were respectively 306 (79.7%) male dogs, and 78 (20.3%) were female. Twentyeight (9.2%) male dogs and seven (9.0%) female dogs were seropositive. statisticallysignificant correlation between age, and infection was observed (p=0.332). 9 (23.2%)dogs showed at least one positive clinical symptom, including cutaneous ulcers, hair loss,Impotence, Onicocriptosis, local or general lymphadenopathy, Keratitis,Hepatosplenomegaly and diarrhea. 4 (17.4%) from symptomatic dogs and 31 dogs (8.6%)of asymptomatic were positive had no symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis. Thestatistically significant correlation between visceral leishmaniasis, and hair lost dogs wereobserved (p=0.031). No Significant correlation between visceral leishmaniasis andhepatosplenomegaly was seen (p=0.065). Between symptomatic and asymptomatic dogswith visceral leishmaniasis significant relationship was observed (p=0.015). In this studyantibody titers in male dogs greater than female dogs that difference was statisticallysignificant (p=0.023). The highest rate of infection rate was in dogs from Jalda Bakhanvillage with 9 (33.35%) dogs, and lowest infection rate was in Asbfroshan village with 1(1.4%) dogs. Recommended for control of visceral leishmaniasis in the region,Considering the different animal reservoirs, and various geographical animal conditions inthis area and regarding the zooonotic parasite controlling the animal reservoirs, seemsunavoidable, and fight against the vector mosquito and controlling plans are necessary.

Kurdistan Province is one of the endemic areas for Brucellosis. The rate of antibiotictherapy failure and reinfection of the brucellosis disease in this state is at a high level.Purpose of this study is isolation of Brucella from blood samples, and evaluation ofantibiotic resistance for best cure of brucellosis patients in Kurdistan province. Aftercollected blood samples of suspected patients with clinical symptoms samples werecultured in BACTEC medium. After growth of isolated bacteria, biochemical, and PCRtest for detection of Brucella species was performed. Then Agar dilution and Discdiffusion methods for evaluation of antibiotic resistance of Brucella was performed. In all,60 blood samples of patients were collected that of sample 18, Brucella bacteria wasisolated. After performed of biochemical test and PCR, all isolated of bacteria wasBrucella mellitensis. In this study 83.33% of isolated brucella was resistant to Rifampin,11.1% resistant to Streptomycin and antibiotic resistance for Tetracycline, andDoxycycline not showed. This study showed that Brucellosis with Brucella Melitensisagent in Kurdistan Province was high and antibiotic resistance results showed that allbrucella bacteria isolated of patients was sensitive to Tetracycline and Doxycycline andcan be used for cure of brucellosis patients in this province.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of canola oil,Lupin seed and garlic powder on performance, and egg quality of laying hens. A total of288 Hy-line (W-36) layer (37-wk of age) were randomly divided into 8 experimentaltreatments with 3 replicates (each replicate consisted of 12 birds) and arranged in acompletely randomized design in the form of a factorial experiment 2×2×2 with two levelof canola oil (1.5 and 3 %), Lupin seed (10 and 20%) and garlic powder (0.2 and 0.4).This study showed that adding different levels of canola oil, Lupin seed, and garlicpowder to the diet of laying hens had significant effect on performance (egg weight, eggproduction, egg mass, feed conversion ratio). Egg production and egg mass significantlydecreased by high level of Lupin seed (p<0.05). The highest egg weight (60.13 g) wasobserved in treatment containing 3% canola oil, 20% Lupin seed and 0.4% garlic powder.The egg production increased in treatment containing 3% canola oil, 10% of Lupin seedand 0.4% of garlic powder. There were no significant effects of different levels of canolaoil, garlic powder, lupin seed, and their interaction on egg quality, and yolk cholesterol. Inconclusion, using of appropriate levels canola oil (1.5 percent), Lupin seed (20 percent)and garlic powder (0.4 percent) in laying hens diets can be improved performance and egg quality.

This study was conducted for investigation of food attractants Betaine and Methioninein diet for growth, and survival of Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) inBandargah fisheries research station in autumn 2003. Seven types of diets consisted of;control diet (without Betaine and Methionine), diet with 0.5 and 1.5 percentage ofBetaine, 0.5 and 1.5 percentage of Methionine, 0.5, and 1.5 percentage of Betaine andMethionine mixture and Havorash commercial diet, with three replications that were usedin this trial. Indian White Shrimp juvenile with mean weight of 0.95 ± 0.05gr have beencultured for 60 days in 300 liter fiberglass tanks that were filled with 200 liters water andstocked with 15 shrimp juveniles. Results showed that type of diet was significantly (p <0.05) effected on FCR index. The maximum SGR, lowest FCR, and lowest price indexobserved in diet with 1.5 percentage of Methionine. According to the obtained results, itcan be suggested that the most suitable diet contains food attractants for feeding of Indian White shrimp is diet with 1.5 percentage of Methionine.

Increasing development of medical resistance among the bacteria had been caused tomore attention to find preventing method for raising resistance, and also to find goodmedicine with less toxin, and adverse effect. For this purpose, medical plants are undercertain attention. While pathogenic strain of Escherichia-coli is very important in human,and livestock alimentary, and respiratory disease, septicemia, general syndromes, andmortality in poultry. Also, it can cause diarrhea for newborn calf which lead to economicdamage in cattle husbandry. Also, pseudomonas aeroginosa is an opportunistic bacteriawhich is suppressed in human and animals immunity followed by burning, and longtreatment with wide range antibiotics which will create various infection that can generatebluish pus in wounds, and burning that cause to urinary tract, cutaneous and respiratoryinfections. Basil plant had been collected from Kiashahr port, Guilan province then driedthe leaves, prepare ethanol, and aqueous extract in 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/mlconcentrations, and kept in certain containers. Also, the concerned bacteria had beenseparated from clinic samples, and after recognizing them with standard method, theirsensitivity had been determined with disc diffusion method in this concentrations. Thediameter of growth inhibition zone had been recorded. According to the finding of thisresearch, gentamicin which had been used as control drug indicated to be more effectivethan extract on both experimented bacteria in this project. The most effective dilution forantibacterial activity related to both kind of E. coli and pseudomonas aeroginosa bacteriawas 200 mg/ml. The antibacterial effect on the studied negative gram of basil ethanolextract was more than its aqueous extract.

20 buffaloes qualified for mating were studied in two ten-member groups. On the firstday, all the buffaloes were CIDR inserted, each receiving one dose of GnRH then 4 daysafter CIDR, the first group received HMG for 3 days. The second group, 48 hours beforewithdraw of cidr, were injected with PMSG. To both groups Ultrasound was administeredto study follicular waves, and follicles size after insemination on day 5, and during theestrus phase. In the HMG group, some cystic, as well as ovulated corpus luteum, wereobserved. The size were studied; while the size of the left and right ovaries along withtheir functionalities were also compared as presented in the table below. In the HMGgroup, some cystic, as well as ovulated corpus luteum, were observed. The size werestudied while the size of the left and right ovaries along with their functionalities werealso compared as presented in the table below. In the PMSG group, at the ovulation stage, most follicles exhibited cystic changes with their walls luteinized which was indicative of inadequate ovarian response to PMSG and insufficient secretion of LH. Such results indicate that at times other than mating season, and following super ovulation byadministration of HMG yield better ovarian response as compared to that of PMSG, andas expected the right ovaries in both groups were more active.

The linguatula serrata is one of the parasitic Zoonoses. Human beings may also beinfected by both the Nymph stage, a condition called nasopharyngeal linguatulosis orHalzoun syndrome and the egg, a condition called visceral linguatulosis. In this study, oneFemale camel, 5 year old, that died in Kazemabad village of Mashhad town in KhorasanRazavi province(2010), examined for diagnosis of linguatula serrata nymph in mesentericlymph nodes, lung and liver. Samples of camel tissues after examining in parasitologylaboratory of Islamic Azad university- Tabriz Branch, reported as possitive.