فصلنامه لسان مبین (پژوهش ادب عرب)
پیاپی 3 (بهار 1390)

The individual, spiritual, and social needs of man during late 18th and early 19th century let to the formation of Romanticism. The foundation of this movement was based on individual imagination and creativity; it was in fact a response to the Classicism which aimed to teach bounds of ethics by means of cliché language. The present research is based on library sources and documents analysis. In addition to the brief account of Romanticism in Arabic and Persian literature, the poetries of the two representatives of this school Abulghasem Shabi (1909-1934), and Nader Naderpoor (1929-1995) are also taken into consideration.

Abdul-Vahab Al-Bayati, passed away in 1999, is known as one of the greatest and well-know poets of the contemporary era. He is in partly influenced by Iranian great literary poets namely Hafez and Khayyam. This article analyzes the extend of Lesan Al-Gheyeb’s thoughts and ideas on the poetic thoughts of Abdul-Vahab Al-Bayati. “Complaints to Hafez Shirazi” is an ode written under the influence of Hafez’s mystical thoughts and beliefs. The mystical concepts and the extend of Hafez’s influence, present in the chosen ode are dealt by the researcher.

The concept of self-exile in its broad sense is a phenomenon dating back to man’s existence therefore it has always been one of his concerns. The phenomenon has its root in man’s evasion of society or his abomination of rulers exploits. However “self-exile” in its specific and literary term, being the objective of the present article, traces back to the literature of Pre-Islamic era. The following poets of the period have also practiced this subject in their verses. A true manifestation could be seen in contemporary Arabic literature due to political and economic factors and present conditions of the era. This article examines the subject of self-exile in the poetries of Badr Shaker Al-Siyab, the Iraqi’s contemporary poet, in addition to exploring different kinds of self-exile in his poetry various factors leading to the style, the spiritual and physical conditions of the poet, time-place conditions are examined.

The complicated political and social condition of Arab nations in the contemporary era along with artistic motivations led the contemporary poets to articulate their inner thoughts and emotions rather indirectly. In this respect mask became the supreme literary device to signify symbols and myths. What has made mask popular among men is the close resemblance to man’s ideas and thoughts. In this article the duality of Sinbad in Al-Bayati’s verses are examined. He is rightfully the Sinbad of Arabic poetry for this mask theorist produced highly artistic inspirational poetries in addition to bearing the common experience with the traveler archetype and identification with the Sinbad character. By exploring the common aspects of his own experience with of Sinbad’s he was able to set this folklore archetype as an expression of his inner anxieties in a human and universal context. In addition to employing the mask in a parallel and harmonious manner, due to his various related experience, Al-Bayati has converted the character of Sinbad so tactfully in such a way to portray himself.

Comparative literature as a modern knowledge has had various definitions and school of thoughts since its emergence in Europe and America. This knowledge became the centre of attention to Eastern European countries during the 60s. Based on this school society is divided into a superstructure and infrastructure where social and political realities are the infrastructure yet literature and art represent the superstructure. The current research studies the mystery of existence in the poetries of Khayyam and Ilya Abu Mazi based on the Eastern European School. In this regard the theories of this school are put forward then based on the discussed doctrines the social, political and economical aspects are analyzed to shed light on the appearance of the mystery of existence within the poetries of the two mentioned poets. In the end, different approaches used by these poets to go beyond this question are analyzed. The common infrastructure by Khayyam and Abu Mazi led them to deal with the same subject. "Carpe diem" is their technique to go challenge the question of existence yet their application of this literary device is to some extend different; for Khayyam empathizes on wine and the beloved, Abu Mazi draws upon nature and its beauty.

A controversial issue among contemporary Arab historians, intellectuals, and scholars is the culture and civilization of Arabs before Islam and the topic of illiteracy and its widespread in that era. What makes the truth out of reach are the contradictory historical accounts and some are not even approved of. Moreover relying on the literature of pre- Islamic era would not bestow a fair judgment due to its fictitious and untrue portrayal of the realities. This leaves the researcher with the only valid and contemporary source, the Koran. This glorious book could present us with the final verdict not only on this issue but many similar cases. The present article aims to extract this matter considering the pre- Islamic interpretations and a critique on the contemporary critics. Through descriptive analysis various historical and literary documents have benefited from.

Stories of prophets are an interdisciplinary subject for it has been the theme of many ancient and modern arts. The arts and sciences such as literature both in prose and poetic form, film industry, sculpture, theatre, painting, theology, sociology, and psychology have not neglected to address this particular issue. Prophets as holy characters have drawn people’s attention and their distinct characteristics urges the addressee to praise and follow. One of the prophets who has been the subject of many divines is Mohammad “peace be upon him”. The prophet has also been praised by contemporary Arab poets as various symbols of the glory of the Arab, unity and resistance. Through a descriptive- analytic approach, the paper probes into the prophet’s symbolic functions within seven divine of contemporary Arab poets.

Humor has been has been the subject of Arabic literature in different forms from the pre-Islamic era and its evolution is in close parallel to political and social changes of the society. In Arabic literature many books were produced under the category of comedy signifying the existence of this literary style among Arabs. The historical development of this genre and its characteristics in different periods being the subject of this article led the researchers to delve into diverse subjects and themes of humor along with its evolution in various periods. To carry out this research literary and historical sources together with some of the works of contemporary comedy writers were taken into account. Finally it is proved that humor has always existed in Arabic literature and reached its peak during the Abbasid period yet it was expressed differently dependant on the social condition of society.

Undoubtedly, the extraordinary exegesis of “Al- Mizan” is one the best interpretations written for the Koran. Notwithstanding the reputation of this book mainly rests upon its particular style that is “Koran to Koran exegesis”, one has to admit the universality of the author in traditional and rational sciences, along with his broad horizon has caused the manifestation of such an illustrious interpretation. The originality of the interpretive sources along with the author’s considerable subtlety, avoidance of extremes in narrations and assertions, the style of ayahs, the combination of chronological and thematic methods, identification of interpretive narration from that of extremity, scholarly criticism of Hebrews, careful application of literarysciences, employing new discoveries in natural sciences, fair attention to the views of other exegetes and many others are the notable factors of this interpretation, bestowing it a distinct position among Shiite and Sunnite interpretations up to now.

Asha Taghlebi and Asha Hamadan were living almost at the time of Asha the Great have tried their hand in diverse poetic devices. In fact they employed eulogy to make money and their satires were depreciative and to a great limit biting. Since a considerable number of their poetries were in the form of a narrative they are of great historical importance; in their narratives events, names of people and places of their time are to be observed. A noticeable feature of their poetry is the special poetic rhythm that gives them a singing like quality, even the presence of Persian words have not reduced its brilliance a bit. The present article endeavors to analyze some of Asha Taghlebi and Asha Hamadan's poetries with Asha the Great's to draw upon the similarities and differences of their poetic themes.

The present article studies a common mytheme within two different cultural and geographical contexts: the Greek mythology of Phrixus and the Koranic story of Ismail Zabiholah (sacrificed for God), a story also stated in the Old Testament with slight differences. The stories are quite similar in terms of general process of events and the acts of the heroes. The archetypes of filicide as a sacred event by God’s command prevent the mentioned stories from turning into a tragedy. The aim of this research is to draw upon the similarities and differences of the two stories; moreover the emersion of the sacrifice ritual as a myth of rebirth has also been analyzed.

Undoubtedly, of all the different literatures of the world, the Arabic language and literature has had the most impact on the Persian language and literature. This influence has made its way in different aspects such as vocabulary, expression, style, form, theme, poetic subjects and many other areas. From the very first centuries, this influence encouraged Iranian poets to study Arabic literature to the degree that a research into Arabic divines were considered a virtue and moreover composing Arabic poems had become a necessity. In this regard, Iranian poets, in addition to their Arabic poetries were to a certain extend drawing upon many Arabic themes and concepts either directly or indirectly employed consciously or even unconsciously. Amir Moezi Nieyshaboori, the well-known poet of the late 5th century, is among those who directly adapted a great number of his poetic themes from the Arabic literature or sometimes indirectly from his former or contemporary poets. Themes to be observed with high frequency in the poetry of Moezi are on portraying the praised or the loved one. The present article aims at a comparative study of these two themes in Amir Moezi's divine and that of Arabic poets.