مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (تابستان و پاییز 1389)

Pigweed, an herbaceous plant are distributed in cultivated land of Iran. The leaves of this plant are used in food by native people. Bermuda grass has been linked with outbreaks of tremors syndrom in cattle and sheep. Burdock are widely distributed in Iran and used in traditional medicine. The cytotoxicity potential of three plants was screened against the larvae of Artemia salina. In this study, we evaluated cytotoxicity effects of three plants by Artemia salina. Pigweed, Bermuda grass and burdock were collected from Ghaemshahr in the North of Iran. The larvaes were hatched from cysts of Artemia salina at 26˚C in filtered seawater. The plant extracts with different concentration (10,100 and 1000ppm) were added to the solution larvaes. The LC50 values (the concentration which needed to die half the larvaes) were measured for pigweed, Bermuda grass and burdock at 1640, 990, and 840 ppm respectively. This assay has been established as safe, practical and economic method for determination of bioactivity of plant product. Moreover, it is useful tools for the preliminary assessment of general toxicity. Our results indicated further and specific investigations will be required for burdock.

Due to the rapid growth of smoking prevalence and due to the necessity of knowing the problem, in order to sensitize the community and the health officials, the present study aimed to determine factors influencing smoking among male university students in kermanshah based on BASNEF Model. In this cross-sectional study 569 students studying in Kermanshah in 1387 were selected through snowball sampling procedure. The data was collected through a valid and reliable researcher- made questionnaire consisting of 70 questions in 5 sections of demographic, awareness, attitude, enabling and norms. Using SPSS, the data was analyzed through chi-square and one-way ANOVA. In this study, the mean scores for awareness and attitude about smoking among students were respectively 89±7/1 and 72/7±6/2. There was no significant relationship between numbers of cigarettes smoked and the university kind or educational levels of students. The most frequent enabling factor for smoking was easy access to cigarette and the most influencing social norm in smoking was student’s close friends. Calmness (38/3%) was the most frequent belief about smoking among the target population, and lack of suitable pastimes and curiosity were the most important reasons to try smoking for the first time. In this study, having smoking friends as the most obvious factor for inclination toward smoking demonstrates the role of peer group pressure among young people. The second outstanding factor among abstract social norms was smoking parents. University instructors and TV film stars were other factors which influenced students’ intention to smoke.

Obesity is a serious health problem that reduces life expectancy by increasing one's risk of developing coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoarthritis and certain types of cancer. Moreover, body composition is divided into fat and fat free mass components. Research shows that physical activity is an important factor that affects body composition. This research aimed at estimating and comparing the body composition components of physically active and inactive male student of Shahroud University of technology Participants of this study were 70 inactive male students with average age of (20.86±1.72) years and 65 physically active male students with average age of (20.86±1.72 years). The participants were randomly selected through stratified sampling procedure from various faculties and different admission years. Body composition was estimated with Body composition analyzer system that measured body composition components using bioelectrical impedance method. Data analysis with SPSS-15 software revealed that: average of BF% in physically active sample was (13.43±3.15) and average of inactive samples was (16.73±6.16) which statistically showed significant difference (P

Obesity is a serious health problem that reduces life expectancy by increasing one's risk of developing coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoarthritis and certain types of cancer. Moreover, body composition is divided into fat and fat free mass components. Research shows that physical activity is an important factor that affects body composition. This research aimed at estimating and comparing the body composition components of physically active and inactive male student of Shahroud University of technology Participants of this study were 70 inactive male students with average age of (20.86±1.72) years and 65 physically active male students with average age of (20.86±1.72 years). The participants were randomly selected through stratified sampling procedure from various faculties and different admission years. Body composition was estimated with Body composition analyzer system that measured body composition components using bioelectrical impedance method. Data analysis with SPSS-15 software revealed that: average of BF% in physically active sample was (13.43±3.15) and average of inactive samples was (16.73±6.16) which statistically showed significant difference (P0

Considering the increasing trend of obesity and the effects of physical activity on the incidence of childhood obesity, and on the other hand the limitations of families for carrying their children to sport classes, and the limited time of students for participation in such classes achieving to appropriate ways for education of physical activity at home is justified to be necessary. Material : This non pharmacological trial was conducted during 6 months among 105 obese children and adolescents who were randomly assigned in 3 groups with 35 participants. Dietary counseling and behavioral management was similar for all groups, but in one group physical activity was conducted by attending to sport classes two times a week, the second group were trained for physical activity by educational CD and the third group were trained by face to face education. Anthropometric indexes were measured before and after intervention. After the trial the mean body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the group attending sport classes and the group trained by CD. The change in variables was not significant between the three group studies. Coclusion : The finding of our study showed that training by CD can be as effective as face to

Calculating cost is an important management tool for programming, control, supervision and evaluation of health services in order that informed decisions can be done. This study was done to determine the cost of services provided by health centers, and health house in Shahroud in 2009. In this study, all health centers in urban and rural regions were studied. 70 forms for provided services, public and specific materials used for each service, medicine and equipment, time required for each service and activities, buildings and equipment depreciation costs were used to collect the data. Then the costs of each unit including direct and indirect costs (overhead), as well as the costs of one center and one health care home were calculated through cost analysis software. Findings from data analysis showed that 44.4% of health care providers were male and 55.6% were female. 22.8% of the personnel were working in health house, 26.1% in rural health centers, 9.1% in urban health centers, health centers 24.5% in urban boarding health centers, 2.6% in health care posts and 14.9% were working in Healthcare Department. The highest cost were personnel costs (66.1%) followed by central department costs (12.8%). Next were the costs for drug consumption with 11.0% and specific use with 3.8%. The highest cost was also for training healthcare providers (1325209 RLS) and lowest cost was for sampling of influenza (3872 RLS). Due to high personnel costs, increasing of productivity will play an important role in reducing labor costs. Also, moderating workforce and the using private sector participation in services and outsourcing costly units can play an important role in optimum utilization of resources.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have a growing impact worldwide which are associated, with high costs for organizations and governments incurred from long-term disability. Oil field workers, who have an important role in country’s economy, are often exposed to risk of musculoskeletal disorders because of static postures, high repetition, excessive force, contact stresses, on rigs and scaffolds. This study aimed at analyzing musculoskeletal disorders and related factors among these workers. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 60 workers in one of southern oil fields in 2008. They worked in drilling category (roughnecks, drilling,…),maintenance category(welders, electricians,…), catering category (cleaning personnel, cooks, …) and engineering category (expert of mud logging, …). A standard Nordic questionnaire was used to collect data via interviewing. To analyze the data, χ2 and logistic regression were performed. Workers with age (mean ±SD) of 35.0±9.8 years participated in this study; 48.3% of these had worked for more than 5 years. From physical factors of work, 83.3% of the workers reported fingers and waist repetition motions, elbow repetition bending, working with hands upper than shoulder height and 88.3% reported lifting loads more than 25 kg. 86.7% of the workers also reported at least one MSD in the previous 12 months. The most prevalent musculoskeletal complaints were knee pain (71.1%), low back pain (61.7%) and shoulder pain (51.7 %). Regression analysis showed significant relationship between back pain and lifting loads more than 25 kg, between shoulder and elbow pain and education, and between knee pain and working in drilling category (P

Influenza pandemic H1N1 is an acute respiratory infectious disease that is combination of two types of influenza virus type A (H1N1). This study aimed to identify risk factors affecting influenza pandemic H1N1. In this case-control study, the cases were 18 positive cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 and the controls were the patients who were admitted during the same time as the cases to sections of Orthopedics, Urology, Surgery and Women of the same hospital for reasons other than influenza. The data were collected through a form by two experienced nurses and then were fed into SPSS, and were analyzed using independent T-test and chi-square. A significant relationship was observed between pandemic H1N1 influenza infection and a history of domestic travel, contact with confirmed patients, respiratory diseases, and diabetes (P0.05). People with underlying diseases, especially respiratory diseases, diabetes, heart disease and a secondary infection and cardiovascular disease most likely are susceptible to influenza pandemic H1N1.

L.turanica is isolated from Phlebotomus Papatasi and rodents, and its pathogenetic role in humans is not clear yet. This study aimed at determining the infection of sand flies to L.turanica in rural parts of Damghan. Sand flies were collected by sticky papers. After the identification of female specimens, their DNA was extracted and Conventional PCR technique using specific primers of ITS1 was used to search for L.turanica. Products of PCR were sequenced and analyzed with Blast software. Two hundred and eighteen specimens of female P.papatasi were examined for Leishmania infection. One out of 218 females (0.5%) was positive to L.turanica. This is the first report of natural infection of P.papatasi due L.turanica in Semnan Province and the second in Iran. Pathogenesis of L.turanica is not clear on human, but, this parasite is pathogenic in laboratory mice. Furthermore, mix synchronized infection of rodents to L.major and L.turanica aggravates pathogenetic effect of L.major. Immunity of some people to Cutaneous Leishmanianisis in endemic areas can be due to the exposure to L.turanica and this can be a suitable candidate for vaccine investigations against cutaneous leishmaniasis.