Shiraz Emedical Journal
Volume:12 Issue: 3, Jul 2011

mathematical model to break the life cycle of anopheles mosquito Is derived, aimed at controlling or eradicating mosquito by introduction of natural enemy “copepods” (an organism that eats up mosquito at larva stage). Thereby reducing the menace of malaria parasite in our societies. The model equations are derived using the model parameters. The stability of the free equilibrium states is analyzed using the idea of Beltrami and Diekmann. From the stability analysis we observe that which implies that the model free equilibrium state is locally asymptotically stable. Hence the number of larva that would transform to pupa is almost zero and that means the life cycle can be broken at the larva stage with the introduction of natural enemy.

Target & Hypertension (HTN) is considered a public health problem due to its magnitude, risk, and difficulty to control. Estimates of the prevalence of hypertension are certainly increasing in the world. Since such a study was not yet carried out in Zahedan, this survey was conducted to find out the prevalence of hypertension in Zahedan, southeast of Iran (2006- 2007). This cross-sectional study was carried out on 2300 individuals (1150 men and 1150 women) of age 30+ years in Zahedan. Samples were selected randomly from all regions. Weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure were measured using ordinary methods. Obtained data were analyzed using version 11 of SPSS, via Chi square and student T- Tests. Results were expressed as percentage and mean ± SD. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results obtained from this survey showed that prevalence rate of hypertension in Zahedan were 27.08 % (32.3% in men and 22.5% in women). In addition, prevalence rate of hypertension in Baluch ethnic group was higher than that of other ethnic groups and increased by age, BMI and the family size. Hypertension prevalence rate was high in Zahedan and there was also a direct relationship between, BMI, age, ethnicity and the family size and hypertension. Key words:

The mouth is a favourable habitat for a great variety of bacteria due to the presence of nutrient, epithelia debris and secretions The aim of this study is to screen for the incidence of Microorganisms from cases of dental caries in Minna General Hospital and to test antibiotic resistance profile of the pathogens. The samples used were obtained from 40 patients attending the Dental Unit of General Hospital Minna. In order to ensure uniform specimen collection from the oral cavity of the patients, only the investigator swabbed the patients using sterile cotton swab sticks. Specimen was taking from the carious tooth of each patient. Bacteria isolated were identified as strains of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus spp. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest degree of occurrence with 31 isolates, followed by Streptococcus mutans with 23 isolates, while the least was Lactobacillus spp with 4 isolates. All the strains of Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to Tarivid (Ofloxacin) and Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) and totally resistant to Septrin (Co-trimozazole) and Erythromycin (Ilotycin). Only a small percentage of these strains were sensitive to Chloramphenicol (Chloramex), Rocephine (ceftriaxone), Gentamycin (Geramycin), Tetracycline (Tetraxin), Zinnat (Cefuroxime) and Claforan (Cefotaxime). The Lactobacillus strains were totally resistant to all the antibiotics except Tarivid (Ofloxacin). Tarivid (Ofloxacin) and Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) can be use to treat cases of dental caries in our locality.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the substance abuse prevalence in epileptic patients who were referred to epilepsy clinics of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. This study was conducted on 1921 epileptic patients in Isfahan. The information about substance abuse and also the seizure attacks characteristics were collected by means of standard questionnaires. 60 patients (3.1% of all patients) used the illicit substances. The mean of their ages was 30.3±1.25 years. The mean of seizure history was 4.66±0.98 years. The most prevalent type of attacks among the patients was generalized tonic clonic type (45 patients-75%) and the most frequent substance which was abused was Tramadol (25 patients- 41.7%). Drug abuse seems to be more frequent in these patients than general population. Epileptic patients seem to be more sensitive to these substances. On the other hand, some of these substances like Tramadol, which is one of the most prescribed analgesics in the world, cause seizures as an important adverse effect.

Severe obesity leads to high mortality, morbidity and psychological problems; and has negative effects on quality of life. Beneficial effects of risk reduction through changing life style and pharmacological therapy have been documented. Environmental factors play a role in development of the metabolic syndrome and are recommended to be the subject of targeting screening for disease preventing in partners of people with the metabolic syndrome. An overweight child or adolescent may have several risk factors and should be carefully evaluated regarding each risk factor through screening. Clinical management of metabolic syndrome aims to reduce atherosclerosis risk at first and then to reduce development of diabetes mellitus risk; therefore, clinical management of metabolic syndrome starts with reducing major risk factors such as cessation of smoking, controlling LDL and triglycerides level, increasing HDL level, and controlling blood pressure and glucose levels. Treatment of lipid and non-lipid risk factors should be started after lifestyle changes. Body weight should be reduced 7-10% during first year of therapy. A major component of life style changes is reaching the energy balance. The goal for physical activity is to be at least 30 minutes of exercise per day; however, the level of activity needs to be adjusted regarding the individuals’ age. Metabolic syndrome is accompanied by several complications and affects social health in childhood and adolescence; therefore, we recommend the establishment of a screening guideline for risk factor reduction in metabolic syndrome that includes a diet and physical activity program, and pharmacological treatment.

Hydatid cysts are endemic zoonosis in Iran. They may involve various organs of body. Hydatid cyst in musculoskeletal system is rare and constitutes 1% to 4.5% of all cases. Usually, the hydatid cyst in muscle present as a benign soft tissue tumor. The commonest clinical presentation is an asymptomatic slow growing mass. We report this rare case from orthopedic surgery center in a university teaching hospital at North Iran. The literature review and mode of diagnosis has been discussed through this case report.

Distal radius fracture represent approximately one-sixth of all fractures treated in emergency departments. According to high incidence rate, different mechanisms of injury and new treatments for this fracture, it is becoming one of the most challenging of all kinds of fractures. to compare treatment outcome of traditional cast immobilization versus modern percutaneous pinning procedure in patients with distal radius fractures. In this randomized clinical trial study, 198 patients with "displaced but stable distal radius fracture without joint incongruity", were split into two groups and each group was treated by one of the following standard protocols: A- Closed reduction + Long arm cast; B- Closed reduction and Percutaneous pinning and Short arm cast. The patients were followed up after operation for three months from the point of view of: 1- satisfaction(based on Saito chart) 2-Loss of Reduction 3- Finger stiffness 4- Pin tract infection and 5-The mean of post operation follow up visits. For statistical analysis the Fisher's exact test and chi-square test were used by SPSS software16 In group A, six cases of loss of reduction were detected in the first week who were treated by re-reduction and P.C pinning procedure; But no cases of loss of reduction were diagnosed in group B. Satisfaction percentage for Excellent value was 81.8% in group A and 93.9% in group B (p= 0.131). Finger stiffness incidence rate in group B was meaningfully lower than group A (p=0.039). Pin tract infection incidence rate was 15.1% in group B; all of them were treated by pin removal and oral antibiotic therapy. The mean of post operation visits was 4.4 in group B and 3.6 in group A out of five sessions (p<0.0001). It seems that closed reduction and P.C pinning is a safer and less complicated procedure, especially in decreasing finger stiffness in these fractures.

Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which targets BCR-ABL protein in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and c-kit in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Skin hypopigmentation is reported during Imatinib therapy. We present a case of CML who developed skin hyperpigmentation in the face during treatment with Imatinib which found chloasma-like appearance.