فصلنامه علمی دنا
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 18، بهار و تابستان 1389)

Introduction& Occupational stress is a major problem in industrial societies. Its relationship with various diseases is becoming increasingly obvious, but probably more apparent are the vast socioeconomic consequences manifested in absenteeism, labor turnover, and loss of productivity and disability pension costs. This study compared the prevalence of stress and stress among employers in different parts of the Kavir Tire factory. In this cross - sectional study, 196 workers from various parts of the factory were randomly selected by proportional sampling. Data was collected by two questionnaires: demographic and standardized job stress (Cordon). Data was analyzed by the SPSS statistical software using chi-square test and Pearson correlation (p ≤ 0. 05). 49.5 % of workers had severe job stress, 25% had job stress and 25, 5% had normal stress. Severe job stress was mainly observed in the production unit (55.8%), the administrative unit (50%) and the support unit (40.6%) Between variables (sufficient income, adequate sleep) with the level of job stress, a significant relationship was found (p=0/001). According to high stress levels among factory workers, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive program to prevent this problem.

Introduction & Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders causing lack of motivation, performance disturbance and disability. It imposes great expenses on the family and community. The present study was carried out tofind the prevalence of depression among female householders covered by the Imam Khomeini’s Relief Committee. In this cross-sectional and descriptiveanalytic study, a total of 435 female householders covered by the Imam Khomeini’s Relief Committee were studied at the Health Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2010. Datawere gathered by both the Beck depression questionnaire and demographic feature questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by using Pearson Coefficients of Correlations and ANOVA using the SPSS version 17 software package. Mean depression score was 22.60 ±11.4 and th prevalence of depression in the studied population was 310 (71.3%) (Interval confidence: 66.8-75.5). From all, 79 (18.2%) had mild depression, 120 (27.6%) had moderate depression and111 (25.5%) had severe depression. The prevalence rate of depression was 72 (70.6%) in divorced women, 134 (68.7%) in widowed women, 69 (75.8%) in women with disabled husbands and 35 (74.5%) in women with imprisoned husbands. There wereno significant relationships between depression score and variables of age (p=0.102), educational level (p=0.380) and marital statues (p=0.613). But the depression score showed a significant relationship with the number of children (p=0.013) in a way that the rate of depression in women who had no children was higher. This study indicated that there were higher rate of depression among female householders compared to other studies. This finding emphasizes on providing more job opportunities for women and enabling them to fulfill their financial and emotional needs.

Introduction & In recent years, the number of clients with mental disabilities continues to rise. Devastating impact of mental disability on families /caregiver mightaffect the attitude of the parents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the attitude toward disability in parents with and without children having mental disability. 200 family care-givers, with and without mentally retarded children, participated in this casecontrol study. Data were collected using a researcherprepared questionnaire and by cluster sampling via a face to face interview of the parent and. The gathered data was analyzed with the SPSS software version 14. A difference was observed between the attitude of parents with and without mentally retarded children toward mental disability p=0.02). In addition, there was a difference between the two groups according to the educational level of the family care-giver(p=5.o4). This study also indicated that there were relationships between educational status and occupation of family care-givers with the attitude towardmental retardation (p<0/001). Considering that parents having a child with mental retardation had a better attitude towards handicapped children compared with mentally retarded children. Having ahealthy child may put positive effect on the parents’ attitudeby increasing contact with these persons and recognizingtheir ability; therefore, it is suggested to keep these childrenin normal schools and public communications try to notifythe abilities of these persons to the society by educating thepeople of the society.

Introduction & Nowadays cholecystitis is a major health problem. Cholelithiasis is one of the effective factors in producing cholecystitis, in adults especially during middle-aged and old age period. This research was conducted to study the cholecystectomy frequency and its respective factors in hospitalized patients at thesurgical ward of Shahid Beheshti hospital- Yasouj. The present descriptive-sectional study was conducted in 2008 on 122 patients suffering from cholecystitis, hospitalized at the surgery ward of Shahid Beheshti hospital Yasouj, Iran. The sampling method was of census type for the duration of one year. Data collection was done with a questionnaire throughinterviewing patients and completed with the help of their files. The normality or abnormality of patients’ weight was done by the researchers with the help of BMI. The statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software and descriptive statistics. Out of 1879 general surgery cases, 122 patients were suffering from cholecystitis. This means that during a one year study, 6.5% of bed occupiers were patients of general surgery and 3.7% beds belonged to cholecystitis patients. Moreover, 78.3% of samples were females, 94.8% were married, 48.7% had overweight, 46.1%were obese, 62.2% had four or more delivery, and 32.2% had positive history of OCP usage. Furthermore, 60.0% suffered from diabetes-mellitus, 18.3% suffered from minor thalassemia, 18.3% were immobile, 22.6% were tobacco or drug addicted and 9.6% hadpositive history of suffering from cholelithiasis. From the frequency standpoint, cholecystectomy possessed the third rank among general surgeries at surgical ward of Shahid Beheshti hospital of Yasouj city. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the effective modifiable factors of disease incidence considering the regional conditions and presenting essential measures and instructions in order to avoid the disease.

Introduction & Following a failure to use contraceptive methods or methods because of incorrect use, increased incidence of unwanted pregnancies is seen. The rate of unwanted pregnancies is one of the community health indicators.The incidences of unwanted pregnancies are very effective in illegal abortion. In this study, the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy in pregnant women and its risk factors in women referring to a selection of Shiraz prenatal clinic was studied. In the present analytical - descriptive study, a cluster sample of 16 active clinics and family planning centers, midwifery services covering North, South, Center, East, and West of Shiraz including approximately 596 participants werechosen. Data collection tools consisted of questionnaires completed by interviews. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS software using chi-square and t-test. the percentage of unwanted pregnancies in the city ofShiraz was 244 incidents (42.9%). Relative average age of women who had unwanted pregnancies was 28.5 years, and the demands of wanted pregnancy were 24.5 years. Among demographiccharacteristics of the mother, type of contraceptive awareness and prevention awareness of the mother, a significant relationship existed (p<0.005). 196 women (23.2%) used Contraceptive pills. It is worth to note that the major unwanted pregnancies came out ofthis group. Despite the use of contraceptive tools, a high prevalence of unwanted pregnancy was seen. Promoting female literacy and education level of mothers in each time they refer to the clinics for contraceptive tools is one of the most importantstrategies to decrease unwanted pregnancies.

Introduction & Positive view of nurses towards instruction can be effective in their performance and eventually leads to the care giving of the nurses. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the attitude and performance ofnurses of Yasouj hospitals toward patient instruction. Methods & Materials : This cross – sectional study, which was conducted on 143 registered nurses employed at Yasouj hospitals, was based on total census using a researcher devised questionnaire including three parts: Demographic details, attitude, and performance The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi- square and independent t – test. The nurses’ minimum and maximum working hours were 40 and 60 hours a week respectively. 115 nurses (80%) had a B. S degree. 98 nurses (68. 5%) had a positive view toward patient education. 16 patients (61. 5%) having a B. S degree and 82 patients (70. 1%) holding a diploma had a positive attitude toward patient education. The nurses who had a negative attitude toward patient education had a mean of 7/4± 7/96years of job experience, and those who had a positive attitude had a mean of 5/2±5/73 years of job experience. The results showed a statistical significance. There were no statistical significance between men and women’s attitude toward patient education, nor were any related to working hours. According to research findings about the negative attitude of nurses in patient education, and the effects of the nurses fatigue on educating the patients, it is advised to put at least two nurses in each working shift in order to educate the patients to avoid fatigue and exhaustion of the nurses.

Introduction & Effective communication is a key to satisfaction, optimal health outcomes and optimal recommended patient care. The present study aimed to study the barriers to effective communication with patients from the nurses’ perspectives at Yasouj Hospitals in 2010. The study population of the present cross-sectional study consisted of nurses working at Yasouj Hospitals. 70 nurses were selected by census method. Tools for data collection consisted of a two fold demographic questionnaire dealing with areas of the barriers to communication difficulties (based on Liker scale) in evaluating four areas (personal factors and social factors, employment, environmental factors and clinical).The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software using chisquaretest and descriptive analysis. Of the total 70 nurses participating in the study, 55 (78. 6%) werefemale and 30 (42.9%) were in the age group of 26- 30years, in terms of education 55 (78. 6 %) specialists and 42 (60 %) nurses with experience between 0 -5years. From the nurses’ viewpoint, they had extensive work load, suffered from lack of facilities, experiencing physical and mental fatigue, lack of communication skills courses during their education, unsanitary conditions of hospital rooms were seen as the most effective barriers affecting patientnurse communication. No Significant relationship between age and job factors (p=0.01), between sex and risk factors, clinical (p=0.021), between the place of work and personal factors, social (p=0.016) and place of employment andoccupational factors (p=0.033), between work and occupational factors (p= 0.033) were observed. Due to the fact that effective communication between nurses andpatients has a great impact on patients satisfaction during treatment, service training course in communication, a raise in salary and benefits, increasing the number of employees per shift with respect to the number patients, and finally monitoring and encouraging the nurses are suggested.

Introduction & Migraine is a kind of neuro-vascular headaches prevalent among women. Chronic vascular spasm and constrictions causes the brain arterial ischemia and incidence of CVA. Due to vascular disorders, stroke results in ischemia and incidence of neurological damages. The present study is an evaluation of risk factors for stroke in women with migraine. This paper has been prepared on the basis of surveying 53 related articles and references with Migraine, CVA, genetics and women using internet (Google search engine) and library sources. The prevalence of this disease is 15-18% and 5-6% among women and men respectively. In 44.0% of cases, the symptoms are accompanied with Aura or local neurological signs which are similar to the CVA signs. Therefore, differentiatingthese two diseases with each other is problematic. Though the main cause of Migraine is unknown, it is said that endogenous and exogenous factors are effective on the Migrainegenerator in brain stem, resulting in incidence of Migraine attacks. Estrogen cycle is an endogenous powerful aggravator factor which causes Migraine prevalence among women 2-3 times more than that of men. Beginning of menstruation at the ages of 11-19 years,maturity, menstruation accompanied with ovulation and pregnancy period are among the aggravator factors but menopause causes it's reduction. Oral Contraceptive Pills OCP) increase the incidence risk of CVA and this risk is higher in Migraine with Aura thanMigraine without that. Although, Migraine is prevalent among women and may lead to death, it is suggested to carry out genitival studies to prevent Migraine causing Stroke in women suffering from Migraine with and without Aura, so as to identify high risk personsand prevent the incidence of such attacks in further years. In addition, the best way to prevent this disease and its complications is not to let its gene become active by changing the diet, using Folate rich food, and avoiding risk factors such as smoking.Nurses could also play an important role in screening women, doing therapeutic measures, etc.