فصلنامه تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 10 (تابستان 1390)

This Research tests the relationship of managerial ownership as independent variable and agency costs, audit expenditures, and directors’ remunerations as dependent variables. The proxy for managerial ownership is the percentage of board members’ ownership and the proxy for agency costs is the ratio of sale, administration and general expenses to sales.The statistical population with respect to some characteristics contains 217 listed companies and the period is 2006-2009. Research has three hypotheses that are tested with statistical models. Results indicate there is not any relationship between managerial ownership and agency costs, audit expenditures and directors’ remunerations.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of firm characteristics on capital structure (debt ratio) Using data of all the listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 1383 to 1387. Before analyzing the data, reliability of variables test was conducted. Also, Chaw and Hausman test were used to determine the appropriate model for estimating parameters and effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Then, through the random effects model research hypotheses were tested.The results of research show that there is significant and negative relationship between quick ratio, interest Coverage Ratio, Company Growth and capital structure. However, there isn’t significant relationship between capital structure and Parameters such as firm size. Moreover, the results of the research suggests that will be different the capital structure of the companies with debt ratio more than 50 percent compared with other companies.

In modified accrual basis, revenues are recognized when they are measurable and available in the same financial period or a short time after that (maximum 60 days). The current research is conducted aiming the consideration of the process of realizing and collecting revenues of Tehran Municipality in order to establish modified accrual accounting. The results show that although Tehran Municipality, revenue are enjoyed theoretically two criterias– measurable and available–but in practice,due to some limiting policies and procedures, it has some problems in applying modified accrual accounting. However, if some policies and procedures of recognizing and collecting revenues shall be changed, applying the modified accrual accounting for revenue recognition and reporting will be possible.

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a relatively new approach to strategic management and performance measurement and control, which has generated substantial interest in academic and industrial communities. In this quasi-experimental study, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in improving the firm performance. We present an empirical analysis that investigates the impact of BSC on Electronic manufacturing performance. The study, analyzes effectiveness of the BSC by utilising EVA, ROA, financial measures, customer, and internal business perspective. The results indicate that implementation of BSC are significantly associated with future financial performance and improving performance.

This century is called economy based knowledge. These days, the role and importance of knowledge capital has increased and it caused to be economic and research subject. The purpose of the research is to investigate the association between the intellectual capital of firms and their financial performance.The research used value added intellectual coefficient, developed by public, to measuring intellectual capital. This coefficient is most important and valuable method to measuring intellectual capital. The data sample is restricted to 146 companies listed on Tehran stock exchange between years 1383 and 1387.The research addressed four hypothesis and used regression for the data analysis. The findings showed that intellectual capital and company performance are positively related, intellectual capital is correlated to future company performance, the rate of growth of a company's intellectual capital is not related to the company's performance, and the contribution of intellectual capital to company performance differs by industry.

A bulk of research done on the effectiveness of the Board of Directors on managing companies and determining managing policies has been highly built on the assumptions of Agency Theory. However, few attempts, especially in Iran have focused on examining the assumptions of other organizational theories such as Stewardship Theory. To this end, the present study examined the effectiveness of board composition on agency costs based on the stewardship theory. The sample consisted of 80 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2001-2009 and the statistical method applied was regression model of the panel data. The findings indicated that the percentage of inside directors on the board does not have a significant effect on the agency costs. Nonetheless, the variable co-efficient sign of the percentage of the inside directors on the board potentially confirmed the assumptions of stewardship theory and the advisory role of directors on the board. In other words, the inside directors on the board and their advisory role can be considered as a potential tool for improving the performance and mitigating agency conflicts.

Earning and its related components including information that people when they decide to consider.Information components of earning is important and predict future earnings.The purpose of research is study persistence and information content of the cash component of earning in companies accepted the Tehran Stock Exchange so that the results of research is used in decisions of investors and their pricing.Earning can be divided into two components of cash flow and accrual. In this research decompose the cash component into (1) the change in the cash balance "ΔCASH" (2) net cash payments (receive) to shareholders "DIST_EQ" (3) net cash payments(receive)to creditors "DIST_D"Results of research show that " ΔCASH " better than other components explain next year earning but investors overestimate the persistence "ΔCASH" and are closer to correctly estimating the persistence " DIST_EQ" and "DIST_D"

The primary purpose of this research is to investigate of effect of analytical procedures results on auditor effort of auditing accounting estimates. Other objectives involve examining the moderating effect of personality traits (optimism and conservatism), and level of experience on auditors effort of auditing accounting estimates.The subjects were public accountants in Iran. The findings of the study indicate that auditors perceptions to extend tests of details related to the balances of the accounting estimates, according to the audit hours allocated to the budgeted time plan, did vary significantly across treatment groups. Analytical review results were found to affect the audit plan for accounting estimates when these results signaled fluctuations. However, the conservatism tendency found by previous studies was found to be valid in this study. Optimism and experience level were conclusive in their influence too.

Decreasing of transaction costs is related to improving of corporate governance mechanism. In this study, we determine corporate governance score by questions in to six sub indexes, namely: information disclosure, ethics, education, legality, auditing and ownership. Then we examined the relation between corporate governance score and liquidity. We control the firm heterogeneity with a fixed effects estimator and firm endogeneity with the simultaneous equation system. Using archival data from data cross-section samples of 70 firms the obtained results indicate by using the simultaneous equation system there is a positive correlation between corporate governance score and liquidity at the 95% confidence level. These results are emphasis on necessity of implementation of corporate governance mechanism in Tehran stock Exchange.