نشریه معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر
پیاپی 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1387)

In recent decades the debates on urban design process or process conception of the urban design having return to the favor of theorists and urban design experts. The urban design process lead to a better and more complete definition of problems, notice multifarious and optimal solution, facilitating the performance process, help to decision making and logical design, increasing efficiency in design, ordering to the different design phase, etc. But what makes the main goal of passing such a process is promoting the environmental qualities in urban spaces. In fact, “quality” is the most important consequence of an urban design project and its promoting is the final obligation of an urban designer. So “urban design guidelines” by direct using of environmental enhancement factors in its structure and enjoyment from these factors in creating texts, illustration, and the guide maps of urban design process, have an effective role in promoting urban spaces quality. Indeed “urban design guidelines” are the most important instruments in urban designers’ authority, to reflect and appear enhancement plans and contraption in urban spaces and creates the bridge between investigation (theoretic plans) and professional efforts. Such guidelines, as general statements, are able to express goals and design pattern in order to make plans to achieve them and show this relation between mentioned goals and patterns. This article tries to distinguish the location and the role of guidelines in urban design process, also using them on promoting urban spaces quality. So guidelines are being used to create a powerful instrument to achieve design concepts and also prepare supervising tool for reviewing the performance of the plans for urban designers.

Street is the simplest element of urban form. It is a physical entity, which integrates not only the buildings that define it, but also the community that it sustains. The process of understanding cities is very expansive. Where and how does the process begin, and what does it lead to? Answers to such questions must materialize from the roots, or the basic elements that define a city. The study attempts to develop a methodology to understand the intricacies of one such element of the urban form - the street, the simplest yet most important element. Any attempt to understand the meaning of streets as well as their role in the process of human communication and interaction requires a conception of the nature of the relationship between man and his environment, But, what we are interested in here is to understand what actually makes a good composition of the street. Each of the four fundamental characteristics of a street’s complete physical environment that are essential in any good street, discussed below, and concluded with “quality statements” about the physical characteristics of street environment.

One of the most prevalent analytical methods base on macro-economic which has been experienced and designed in order to cognize the regional economy structure up to now is regional economic base theory analysis method. In this method regional base economy is recognized as main regional economic sector and it’s ration in total employment and production surveyed. The basic sector which produces and distributes goods and services for export to individuals or firms from outside the local area; and, the service or nonbasic sector whose goods and services are consumed entirely within the local area.Therefore in this method there is a need to estimate the amount of production and employment in different economic sectors.The main goal of this article is to estimate the amount of employment in basic and non-basic sectors and analyzing economic structure of province base on economic base theory analysis for ten years term.For achieving this goal,first of all basic activity is recognized by breaking up major activity groups to produse sub-sectors, and estimate them by locational quotient technique. And then base on calculation ten years growth rate for each of base economic sub-sectors, total employment in basic and non-basic sectors has been calculated.At the end the result of this calculation has been used for analyzing the future economic structure of the mentioned case study. Key

In optimal designing and equipping any urban green spaces, it is necessary that functional pattern and strategies, practical regulations and indexes surveyed and analyzed. In this report before proposed any blue prints, phenomenal indexes is studied and be concluded. This regulations and principles noted in urban design, architecture, urban green spaces, environment. Therefore Khargosh-Dareh forest park is selected as pilot place and implemental case to testing results. This result is based on optimizing and equipment plan in this place. Generally, this report is results of study and survey of related studies such as several studies about Khargosh-Dareh park, and search in web, field studies and also authorities standards such as Parks and Green Space Organization, Environment Organization and municipality of 22 region. After collecting this regulations and determining any things that is coordinated with equipment plan of Khargosh-Dareh forest park, this instruction is classified generally and then particularly.

Landscape architecture in Iran`s past has always crystallized the formation of the Persian gardens through the history of this country. Many of the travelers` accounts, remind us of a honoring past in the field of Iran`s ancient landscape design. Landscape designing, as deeply rooted in nature, has always had an important role in the life of ancient human beings, though different from architecture in many cases. It has always perfected the blend of the outer and inner spaces in the Iranian architecture. Due to its straight connection with the outside environment, it can easily affect peoples` culture, Identification and their methods of life. It is obvious that further studies on recognition of the ancient Iranian landscapes clarify the religious, social and cultural aspects of peoples` lives of the time. Based on the above findings, this article studies the basic concepts of the landscape architecture and its formation in Iran. The position of landscape design and its blend with the other aspects of art are considered afterwards. Herein, the connections between ancient architecture and landscape design in the Iranian houses are considered in details.

Landscape Architecture, as a newborn knowledge and profession, with the aim of enhancing & improving environmental qualities of urban-rural open spaces, is one of the main disciplines of environmental design. In Iran, unfortunately there has been wrong and superficial understanding about it. From the other viewpoint, practical domains and areas of this discipline have been increasing recently. Thus, giving a clear definition & theoretical fundamentals of landscape architecture in order to correct probable misunderstanding about it is the main goal of this research. This article intends to identify the correct understanding about landscape architecture, in the base of investigating definitions, historical background, values & approaches & practical domain of this profession. In the first step, the background of the landscape architecture analyses as a three part (disciplinary- artistic- professional). In the next step, the main definitions of this field explain and classify to five conceptual categories. Values and approaches of landscape architecture survey according to the recent theories. Finally, practical and professional domains of this field, which landscape architects work on them, identify.

The design of space is the important problem from the first day of human life, that he pays attention to it. The design process of place and space must be done on the base of past identity, providing today requirements and future space creation, to perceptualize the building for the user, and the other hand to create sustainability in the macro structure of the city. This paper discoveries the potential of the building valve's by the searching in them, to renovate dynamism and continuity of activities in that building by this way.

In territory of Iran, the architectural works and their related decorations holds a vast expansion and long history with sufficient artistic value and underwent perpetual evolution during the history. One of the most splendid and remarkable one was the end of seventh century (Lunar) and beginning of eight century (Ilkhaniese Era) in which lots of works were designed and built. One of the cases that were used by Mongol artists and designers is decorations were used at a gaint spire in this era, namely "Soltanieh Dome" in prefabricated made. Such molding decoration type that was made in combination of fabric, paper and plaster which are not seen in the Mongol before and after eras even at those works built simultaneously with Soltanieh Dome which bear a high value. Thus,it is tried in this paper to pay attention to structure, privileges and deficits of this type decoration.