فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 9 (تابستان 1389)

Golmakan area is located in the northen foot of mountainous zone of Binalud in the southwest of the huge city of Mashhad. In recent years it has been focused on by developers for the development of entertainment patterns, so that it has been increasingly used for building constructions and communication networks. In this article, based on different environmental data, we have developed a model for land use stratification of tourism development . This model is based on multi-factor assessment. This model is accompanied by parametric weighting and special analysis in GIS, so that, optimal display of land capabilities can be made possible in three degrees: permited , forbidden and conditional . The results were calculated in three quality groups: permited , forbidden, and conditional. It was revealed that only 12 percent of the area had the capacity for permited degree of tourism development. About 46 percent of the area had the conditional degree of tourism development considering ecologic perspectives. In the remaining 42 percent of the area tourism development was forbidden under any condition. The spread of this stratification reveals that the lower and middle parts of the area had a better capacity and capability for tourism development. In these parts gardening use and relatively smooth spaces are observed. However , most of the lands in the upper part of the area are more sensitive for torism development.

In the last few decades urban discipline and urbanization in zahedan, particularly since 1360,s (A.H) (according to the Muslim calendar), has witnessed some outstanding evolutions. Immigration to the city of zahedan, the extension of the mold of the city and emergence of the self-made quarters in the outskirt of the city on one hand and the intervening policies of the city builders in the texture of the city on the other hand has fueled these evolutions . Having a common border with Afghanestan, Pakestan and Arabic countries and import of foreign commodities from these countries have dramatically changed the texture of this city to the extent that away from the central part of the city, which was the core and the center of gravity for the exchanges and relationships and the main trade center, a new commercial pole as the second pole emerged in the Rasuli crossroads, which had an accelerating rate of growth with respect to the market place. The present essay has analyzed the role of the commercial and ethnic structure as well as the mold related evolutions in the bi-polarization of the commercial centers of the city of Zahedan. It aims at studying the emergence and evolutions of the commercial sectors of the city of Zahedan.

Human, in his cultural evolution,has created special settlement in every age.The earliest settlement shape of the early hunter human has been "Cave dug of stone". The next activity of first human,was changing the shape of jungles and creating shanties from pipe and tent and finally he preferred to settle in villages in groups.With population increase,villages also extended and gradgually greater villages changed shapes and converted to cities and small towns.Finally,cities converted to metropolises.Through physical development, Cities expanded into Village areas, and the first effect of that was threat of agriculture activities and production decrease and following that size of agriculture lands and gardens decreased.In fact , It could be said that cities development created amazing negative changes in rural economy and caused many shortages and rural migrations that are observable in many developing countries and specially Iran.In this article,Baghestan -as one of the villiges that are changed to cities- is investigated through case Study.

National security is the most important issue in stability and authority of a government that causes considerable imbruement in the relation between society and country. Government authority is continued all over its territory. Every aggression, either internal or outsider, will be a challenge for national security, peace, regulation and at most for governmental authority. Correct and logical management of security in society necessitates establishment of regulation, internal constancy, political regulation, cooperation and unanimity. It also requires increasing trust in political groups, structure of country and software aspects of general security, for example: legitimating, identity, general cooperation, gathering of choice persons in political problems, tolerability and statutory in this situation of society. Geographical area and function of national security in Iran are different. The treats of huge cities are the problems of the state. Divergent operations , which are resulted from ethnic and religious issues, are more common in border regions. For a better and more careful assessment of national security threats, this article presents a case study using Matrix models and methods conducted in the North border regions of the country. In this study, national security threats such as the problems of the state and foreign threats are studied within three levels( local, regional, and national) considering the variable of time ( war and peace).

Planning for the development of cities at first needs the recognition of their fundamental features. This planning can be of much importance in portraying the future. Attainment of the goals of developmental plans on any grounds is due to its enforcement on different regional levels. Thus, if the development plans cannot design and locate the landuses proportional to land capabilities and physical spaces, we should expect disorders in the future development. In this study, the required data and information have been gathered using library method. We have taken benefit of aerial images and different types of topographic and geologic maps as the main instruments, and part of data has been gathered through filed studies and interviews. The main technique used in this research is a combination of the present situation and urban developmental indices and land capabilities of Lar city. The Data have been analyzed and examined by the use of different maps such as the historical trend of development, geology and topography of this city. Then, the urban limit of Lar city has been stratified according to regional natural risks such as hillside instabilities, earthquakes and floods using computer softwares, and the areas subjected to risks have been separated. Moreover, salinity of water and the type of soil as well as effective parameters have been determined by the use of different models and according to the sort of climate for a favorable urban development. Results show that the development of this city towards north, northwest, and south is restricted because of high lands; therefore, western parts of this city account for the best urban development with regard to the integrity of lands, flat topography and other factors correspondent with developmental indices.

Intense concentration and imbalance are important features of the third world countries. These features are considered to be the result of polar growth policies . As a result of this policy, a limited number of areas have a key role and other areas play a peripheral role. Regional planning was introduced to create balance, and shape appropriate spaces. The first step in regional planning is to recognize the socio-economic and cultural disparities. Creation of balance and coordination in public constructions and urban organizations are examples of development. In this study, the identification of the degree of development in Sistan- Baluchestan cities has been studied. This study uses the latest data and statistics related to 1385. Twenty nine indices from the sectors of education, health care, utilities and infrastructures in 10 cities have been studied. The results are evaluated through Taxonomy Model. The present article aims at a deeper study of the social and economic features of the cities in order to account for the overall structure and the development rate of each city. The results of this study can be utilized by regional and local authorities in decision making and planning. This research follows the descriptive, analytical and case study method. The results of the study indicate lack of coordinated distribution of facilities and services in the cities of this province. Among the 10 cities studied ; as far as the allocation of resources, facilities and services is concerned; the cities of zahedan and zabol enjoy the first rank, the cities of Iranshahr, Saravan, Chabahar and Khash have the second rank, and the cities of Sarbaz, Konarak and zehak have the third rank.