فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی - روان شناختی زنان
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 24، پاییز و تابستان 1389)

This research tries to study the educational inequality as an important factor for continuing and reproducing social inequalities, especially gender inequality. Gender inequality in education in all societies involving developing countries and specifically their deprived regions, has its own reasoning and function. According to the hypothesis of this research acquired from gender theories, rational choice theory and exchange theory, some cultural and social factors in addition to reasonable assessments demonstrate girl’s educations as unreturnable and unreasonable investment.By employing questionnaire and interview, we conduct the study through survey method. The population of this research includes 240 fathers or mothers in DorūdFarāmān part of Kermān-shāh province which have been selected for lack of justifiable disproportion between boys and girls education level.The results indicate that gender socialization and belief in gender role performance, among social factors, besides belief in patriarchy and gender stereotype among cultural factors, have significance relation with educational gender inequality. It is the same about relation between parent’s rational choice and gender inequality in education. By multivariable regression test it is found that 30 per cent of the variance of the educational gender inequality has been resulted from social factors, cultural factors, and rational choice of parent.

In the present study, we considered the impact of group cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) on depression reduction and increase of marital satisfaction in married women who referred to Ahvaz city counselling centres. All married women who filled the short form of “Beck’s depression inventory” and “marital satisfaction scale” on the request of researchers, consist study subjects. To meet the requirement of the research, first we used two clinical tools, the marital dissatisfaction, and depression degrees of the women through diagnostic and clinical interview based on DSM-IV-TR. In the next stage, based on cut of point of these two tools and clinical interview, we selected 20 women through sampling random method and put them in experimental group with seven sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy and control group with no treatment. Results of Mann–Whitney U testshowed that Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy affect significantly on depression reduction and marital satisfaction increase (except to pre-test phase to follow-up phase of marital satisfaction).

The fertility goddesses are the female deities to watch over and promote productivity, pregnancy, and birth in many polytheistic cultures. Iranian cultures also have praised these goddesses since Neolithic age until Sassanid period, and have built shrines and statues to satisfy them. Plurality of fertility statues shows life rules from our ancestors’ standpoint, and their constant panic of nature rage. To more easy classification, we have surveyed these objects in seven epochs: Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Achaemenidera, Seleucid-Parthian era, and Sassanidera. It should be mentioned that this approximate classification cannot represent style similarity.

The present research is an effort to consider the impact of globalization on reflectivity of gender interaction of Iranian university students. The statistical society of this research consistsof University of Tehran studentsat three levels of bachelor, master, and doctorate. We selected 275 students through cluster sampling to take part in the survey and fill the questionnaire which was our data collection tool in this research. The main hypothesis was exploring a significant relevance between the reflectivity of gender interactions of Iranian students and the globalization which has been supported by four sub hypotheses of personalization and individualization of gender interactions, acceptance of new patterns, experiencing different level of sexual relations, and, friendship with the opposite sex. We indexed and examined the sub hypotheses too.According to calculation of Pearson’s correlation, research findings are very explanatory for a strong impact of the globalization (mainly through visual medium) on gender interactions of university students in multi-aspect elements and compilations.

Romantic relation and non-verbal behaviours are variables that influence the marital satisfaction among women. Conclusions of some studies show women with lower marital satisfaction suffer psychological problems more. The present study aimed to clarify the role of romantic relation and non-verbal behaviours in prediction of marital satisfaction among women of Shirāz city. Through simple random sampling method, we selected 180 married and employed women in Shirāz city as research sample and take advantage of “Romantic Relation Scale”, “Checklist of Nonverbal Behaviours”, and “Marital Satisfaction questionnaire” to data collecting. The results explained that there is significant correlation between marital satisfaction and romantic relation and nonverbal behaviours, whereas such correlation cannot be observed between insecurity components of romantic relation and marital satisfaction. Also, results revealed that romantic relation and non-verbal behaviours can predict 20 per cent of variance of marital satisfaction.

It seems incontestable that liberal feminism is an idea far from radicalism. According to the principles of liberalism,it intends to defend primary women’s rights, like freedom and equality by “reasoning”, and in the framework of “law”. But it faced with liberalism order which itself is famous for advocating the same two principles and defending reasonable and legitimate manners. The main hypothesis of present article intends to disclose that social and political liberal order resistance tothe liberal feminismwas forstruggle of power. Meanwhile, the study examined the feminism reaction to that issue. Liberalism itself triumphed upon his predecessor with the help of combination of power and reason, andweakened conservatism,but it could not eliminate it. Liberal feminism also tried to prove its own truth by taking advantage of liberal philosophers’ thoughts. However, as liberalism did, finally it also knew the necessity of employing pressure, and subverting the balance of power to introduce its own self by the help of power, not reasoning. Since more radical trends inside liberal Feminism movement in 19th century prepared part of the movement resources, we can call it Liberal Radical Feminism.We conduct this analytical historical study by library data collection.

An important variant to be considered in the structural analysis of schizotypy data is that of gender that is able to effect on people answers to schizotypy questionnaire. The aim of this study is to investigate factor analysis of schizotypy and its relation with gender separation in adolescents. The current study was conducted in cross sectional survey context. Through simple random sampling method, we select a group of 400 adolescent, male and female, from Tabriz high schools in five districts of city, in educational year of 2010–2011 (AP 1388–1389) as the research subject group. A three-factor model of schizotypy was identified in both male and female subject groups. Principal Component Analysis extracted respectively three factors, unusual perceptual experiences, paranoid suspiciousness/social anxiety, and magical thinking for males. These three extracted factors for female were respectively unusual perceptual experiences, magical thinking, and paranoid suspiciousness/social anxiety. Therefore there are no structural differences in schizotypic symptomology between two genders. The results proved that two groups are the same regarding unusual perceptual experiences. However, as far as magical thinking and paranoid suspiciousness/social anxiety symptoms concerned, there are differences between two sexes, either clinically or symptomatologically.