مجله دانش و توسعه
پیاپی 32 (پاییز 1389)

During the last recent decades, Restructuring in the electricity industry has been considered as an economical policy. Consequently, it was able to increase private investment, competition, efficiency, and productivity. The purpose of restructuring electricity industry is to change electricity industry organization, in order to omit monopoly and increase competition. Recognition of restructuring trend and its elements can help the process of choosing and adapting it with Iran's electricity industry. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of restructuring on productivity of employed workforce in Iran’s electricity industry. In order to examine the way restructuring and other effective elements would affect industry productivity; the methodology of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Models (ARDL) was used. Results indicate that both in the long term and short term, the restructuring variables have positive and meaningful effects on both the productivity of employed workforce in electricity industry and electricity intensive in Iran.

The industrial design is a two or three-dimensional aesthetic creation related to industrial products. According to the definition of the Iranian law, for the realization of the legal protection of industrial designs there are three necessary components: combine lines or colors, runs on industrial products and change product appearance. In Iran, only the registered designs are supported. While under EU regulations, the unregistered designs are also supported (off course for a shorter time). Due to its artistic privilege and industrial goals, the industrial design is considered as the boundary between literary and artistic property and industrial property. Therefore, according to the theory of the unity of art, same thing could apply for each of the two literary and artistic rights protection system and the especial system of industrial designs. Off course, the mentioned unity is not complete enough and some cases can be merely protected through artistic and literary rights. Thinking on the design and invention of an object is also conceivable, but if the industrial design is required technical performance, it cannot be supported as an industrial design anymore. The difference between the industrial design and brand is that the brand seeks to introduce the distinctions of goods or the services being offered by persons, while the goal of the industrial design is prettifying the products in order to persuade and attract more customers. However, both concepts may be considered in a single form.

This paper investigates the effect of formal information and rumors on the real buyers’ choice in Tehran Stock Exchange. Following this study, the question is what kind of information has an effect on buyers’ choice of shares? The purpose of this study is to identify information affecting buyers selected stocks, in order to offer some solutions to enhance Stock Exchange performance. In this study, the mean test, Friedman test and Cronbach alpha coefficient were used to achieve results. The results indicate that rumors affect the buyers’ choice of shares, while formal data published by Stock Exchange or Stock Exchange member firms are not influential. As a result, the Stock Exchange needs to provide member firms with precise and reliable information in order to win their trust and following that help foster the efficiency of stock market.

Nowadays reforming, of the ownership structure, from governmental ownership to privatization ownership, is a way of gaining constant and dynamic development. One of the best ways of privatization is denoting stocks by stock change and one of the most important factors to reach its fulfillment is how to price the denoted stocks. So far due to the importance and greatness of pricing stocks, many models based on different schools of thought have been offered that regarding with economic, politic, regional and other conditions have had various and different usages.In this research, the denoted price in government firms including privatization was compared with the pricing of the stocks of the mentioned firms based on theoretical- Scientific models in Tehran Stocks. So, Growth Index Model of the Value and Price-Book Value of Stock Model of similar firms were selected from evaluation models of stocks in point of comparable firm's view, and then the stock prices of government firms including denoted were calculated and compared based on these models during 1384-1386.The Results showed that the prices of denoted stocks (denoted by Privatization Organization) in compared with those obtained from Growth Index of similar firms, were closed, but not to the model based on street price to book price of the similar firm's price.

Sweeping changes have taken place in the world’s economy in recent decades, changes that have reshaped the structure of employment on a global scale. National economies are now more integrated into the global system more than any other time in the recent past. The volume of international trade and the magnitude of cross-border capital flows have reached historically high levels. Advances in communication and transport technologies have led to the establishment of complex international production networks, with developing countries producing an unprecedented level of manufactured exports within global supply chains. Fundamental shifts in economic policies have accompanied the process of globalization.The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the relationship between economic globalization and employment in Iran, Turkey, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Egypt and Marco, from 1988 to 2004, with the approach of panel data and fixed effect method. The results show that the coefficient of Export and Import shares of GDP, as an index of economic globalization in these countries, is significant and positive. The coefficient of Foreign Investment is insignificant and positive. Production and High Technology Export share of Total Export have a direct relationship with employment. Moreover, the wages have negative effect on the employment. All of the coefficients are consistent with the prediction of the theoretical studies.

Despite the fact that Iran enjoys a high-potential agricultural sector in production of various products and the important role this sector plays in the development of non oil-based exports, a large amount of the government budget is being spent on the vegetable oil and oilseed rape (as animal food) import. For this reason, during the recent years the production of oil-based products is considered as the most preferred by the ministry of agriculture. And Kolza which is one of the richest nutrition these days is one of these products. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari is one of the best provinces for Kolza production because of the water abundance and for its suitable climate. For this purpose, in the present study the comparative advantages of irrigated Kolza production in this province, for the farming years 82-85, is considered using two indexes of comparative advantages. The first indexes include: net social profitability, domestic resources cost, and social cost- benefit. The Secondary indexes include: efficiency advantage index, scale advantage index and aggregative advantage indexes. The results for above indexes indicate that production of irrigated kolza in this case study has an improvement in trend. The indexes trends during these 3 years were satisfactory. Because the DRC index decreased from 22/7 in year 82-83 to 1/42 in year 84-85 and SAI index increased more than unit in year 84-85 which is a consequence of considerable increase in product performance.

Raisin is the second major export item in Iranian agricultural section after pistachio. In this study, effects of exchange rate fluctuations were investigated on quantity and price of exported raisin. Therefore, data of 1970 to 2008 were reviewed by time series analysis and estimated by Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL).Results show the absence of a long-term relationship between export quantity, export price and real exchange rate. Meanwhile, considering the competing situation of raisin market, increased amount of export of raisin will result in more income and increasing trade benefit with no significant effect on the Price. In addition, a decline in export quantity for one year will result in less export in upcoming years due to loss of customers.

The present research was carried out on the comparative study of social capital in Kerman city public banks. The Present research method is descriptive and survey, and data collection tool is a questionnaire. Therefore, from among public banks, four banks (Melli, Mellat, Refah and Tejarat) were randomly selected. Three tests of one-way ANOVA, Scheffe, and one –sample T-test was used to analyze research data and test research hypotheses. The result of the study indicate that there is a significant difference between Refah bank and the other studied banks in terms of the level of social capital and its components. Also, the results of the study show that the component of identification in all the studied banks, the components of identification, reciprocity and shared narratives in Mellat Bank, the components of identification and reciprocity in Melli Bank and the component of reciprocity and shared narratives in Tejarat Bank are not significantly different from test value (t-test value: 4), but there is a significant difference in the other components of social capital in the studied banks. Therefore, it is argued that, although the studied public banks follow from the formalized policies of Iran Central Bank, but forming and developing social capital can affect the productivity of banks in terms of customer attraction, retention and their competitiveness.

This paper investigates asymmetric behaviors of income inequality and consumption expenditures inequalities, the relationships between them and sketches their trends in the Iranian Households’ survey for the period of 1979 to 2006. For this purpose, and to analyze the relationships between variables panel data methodology was employed. Results indicate that all the fluctuations of income inequality do not transmit into the composition of consumption expenditure. Therefore, there is an asymmetric relationship between these variables.