مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 123 (هفته سوم اسفند 1389)

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neuropsychiatric disorder of the brain. It is the leading cause of senile dementia, characterized by neuronal degeneration and cognitive deteriorations, especially in the elderly. Intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) injection in rats’ brain provides a relevant model to sporadic dementia of Alzheimer type. Royal Jelly is a viscous substance produced by the young worker honey bees of the species, Apis mellifera. Earlier studies showed that RJ induces neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. There are no reports so far showing if RJ has good effects on Alzheimer disease; thus in this study, we examined effect of RJ on learning and memory in rats after intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin.•

Forty eight male Wistar rats, each weighing 300-350 g, were used in the present study. The animals were divided in to four equal groups: sham, sham-royal jelly, streptozotocin, and streptozotocin-royal jelly. STZ and STZ–RJ groups received a bilateral ICV injection of STZ (1.5 mg/kg). Two other groups underwent the same surgical procedures, but same volume of saline was injected instead of STZ. Groups of sham-RJ and STZ-RJ was feed RJ-food (3% w/w) (lyophilized royal jelly mixed with powdered regular food) for a period of 10 days and groups of sham and streptozotocin was feed regular rats food in the same time. Learning and memory was analyzed by Morris water maze test and passive avoidance learning test.•

The results comes from passive avoidance learning test showed that learning and memory indices were significantly impaired in streptozotocin group respect to sham group, but there was not any significant difference between sham and streptozotocin-royal jelly groups. Although royal jelly improved learning and memory indices in sham-RJ group, but these changes were not significant.•

Intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) was determined to cause adverse effects on learning and memory in rat. The administration of royal jelly to these animals alleviated the adverse effects of streptozotocin. The results of this research suggest that Royal Jelly may have good effect on prevent and attenuation of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Most of the 3-5 years old children can control urination and defecation; this time can be influenced by several factors. Voiding dysfunction in children encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical entities, recently classified collectively as dysfunctional elimination syndromes (DES). The aim of this study was to identify some factors which may be associated with dysfunctional elimination syndromes in children.•

We assessed 544 children 7 to 10 years old (mean age 8.68 ± 1.48 years) randomly selected from 10 elementary schools. All children and parents were requested to fill pediatric lower urinary tract scoring system (PLUTSS) and demographic questionnaire related to symptoms of dysfunctional elimination syndromes and some other factors. After statistical analysis, questions from the initial form were selected to form a final scale.•

Neither neonatal gestational age and kind of delivery nor family (parents) living together was associated with dysfunctional elimination syndromes in childre.•

Dysfunctional elimination syndromes do not belong to neonatal gestational age, kind of delivery and family living together.

The analgesic properties of metoclopramide, an antiemetic agent, were investigated in some studies. The aim of this study was evaluation of adding metoclopramide to subcutaneous lidocaine on postoperative pain after lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.

In this study, 75 patients were randomized in to 3 equal groups in Al-Zahra hospital, Isfahan. In group A, the patients received intravenous lidocaine and subcutaneous metoclopramide; In group B, the patients received intravenous lidocaine and intravenous metoclopramide; and in group C, the patients received only intravenous lidocaine and normal saline. The postoperative pain (Visual analog scale or VAS) and complications recorded in each group. The data were collected in check list then were analyzed by one way ANOVA, chi-square, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

There were 20 men and 5 women in group A, 20 men and 5 women in group B, and 17 men and 8 women in group C. The VAS scores were significantly lower in the metoclopramide groups (groups A and B) than the group C (P < 0.05). 4% of patients in Group A, 12% in group B, and 0% in group C showed drug side effects (P = 0.08); also, 24% of patients in Group A, 20% in group B, and 68% in group C showed sugery/anesthesia complications (P = 0.01). The mean of postoperative required opioid drugs was significantly higher in group C (P < 0.01).

The results suggest that Metoclopramide administered either IV or SC added to SC lidocaine To has better analgesic effects on postoperative pain.The addition of Metoclopramide to Sc lidocaine provided better control of pain than SC lidocaine and IV Metoclopramide.