فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، تابستان 1390)

Numerous surveys showed that angry and aggressive driving behaviors occur routinely and with great cost to society. Thus, the present research aims to studying the effect of the Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy in Reducing Anger and Aggressive Driving. The experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow up with control group was used. The sample of this study included 20 male taxi drivers in Mashhad who were recruited if accessible or volunteered to participate in the research. Participants randomly were divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group received Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) and control group received no intervention. Both groups were tested three times with pretest-posttest and one month follow up. The tools used were, Driving Anger Scale, Driving Anger Expression Inventory and demographic characteristics questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and statistical method mixed analysis of variance. The results showed that Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy in comparison to control group lead to significant reduction in anger driving (p<0/05), aggressive expression of anger driving (p<0/01) and significant increasing in adaptive/constructive expression of anger driving (p<0/05). According to the research findings, Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy is effective in decreasing anger and aggressive driving in the sample of taxi drivers.

Tactical defenses as defenses that have interpersonal essence can prevent the intimacy and emotional closeness in couple’s relationships. The purpose of present study was to determine the effect of management of tactical defenses in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in order to increase couple’s satisfaction. The present study was administered with a quasi- experimental design in the centers of psychology and counseling in Tehran. Participants were 16 couples (n=32) who referred to these centers. They were assigned in two groups of experimental and control, randomly. Marital satisfaction questionnaire was completed by participants in two stages, before and one week after the intervention. Results showed that couples of experimental group in marital satisfaction ( =. 32), personality problems ( =. 46), financial management ( =.29), leisure time ( =.26), sexual relationships ( =.52), children and child rearing ( =. 12), family and friends ( =. 59) and equivalent roles ( =.5) were superior than couples of control group, but scores of ideal distortion, relation, conflict solving and religious orientation were not significant in two groups. Intervention treatments in tactical defenses, based on the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy, can be useful for increasing the marital satisfaction

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of Quality Of Life Therapy (QOLT) on Subjective Well-Being (SWB) and the mental health. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow up with experimental and control groups. The population includes total people referral to clinics and selected by availability sampling method. 24 participants that gained down score in Subjective Well-Being (SWB) and mental health were randomly assigned either an experimental or a control group. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Positive and Negative Scale (PANS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used as the outcome measures. The experimental group received 10 weekly intervention sessions. Measures were taken at pretest-posttest and 2/5 months follow up.Descriptive Statistics and Analyses of variances (ANOVAs) were conducted to examine the effectiveness of Quality Of Life Therapy (QOLT). The results of analysis of variance showed that QOLT significantly reduced the symptoms of Depression, Psychosomatization and of social malfunctions in the posttest and follow up compared to the wait list (P<.05). But it had not significantly effects on the anxiety. Also, results showed that QOLT had a significant effect on controlling the symptoms of on emotional aspects of SWB (PA increase and NA decrease) in the posttest, But it had not significantly effects on the cognitive aspects (Satisfaction with life) of subjects. As for results it can be concluded that use of the QOLT, a combination of positive psychology and cognitive approach, is an effective treatment that improve on Subjective Well-Being (SWB) and the Mental Health.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined use of preparing child/parent and distracting the child as a cognitive intervention, on reported- pain intensity, distress due to lumbar puncture/intrathecal injection and situation-related quality of life of children with cancer. This study was a pretest-posttest experimental design with control group. Research population was children with all kind of cancer who had referred to Mahak and Mofid hospitals in Tehran. 41 child–parent pairs were selected and randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Children were visited twice. In the first visit, both groups were under routine hospital care and in the second visit, the experimental group received cognitive intervention and the control group received routine hospital care. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, Oucher, CHEOPS and The PedsQL Present Functioning Visual Analogue Scales. Findings showed that cognitive intervention of preparing child/parent and distracting the child, reduced reported-pain intensity, distress and improved situation-related life quality of children. There was a significant positive correlation between reported-pain intensity and level of distress; a significant negative correlation between reported-pain intensity and situation-related life quality and a significant negative correlation between level of distress and situation-related life quality. Cognitive interventions are effective in reducing reported-pain intensity, distress and improving situation-related quality of life of children with cancer who are under lumbar puncture/intrathecal injection. We suggest using cognitive intervention in managing pain and distress due to this procedure.

Coronary Artery disease is the first cause of mortality in Iran. One of the methods that have been used to control risk factors of coronary disease is motivational interviewing. According to self determination theory (SDT), Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness are basic psychological needs which are supported through motivational interviewing. This study investigates the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on satisfying basic psychological needs of the patients under coronary artery bypass grafting. Using Quasi experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group, 163 patients who had previously Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) were selected and assigned to two groups: experimental (n=80) and control (n=83) groups. The experimental group participated in motivational interviewing sessions in addition to regular cardiac rehabilitation programs. A questionnaire consists of need satisfaction scale, symptomatic depression, anxiety and stress scale was administered in pretest and posttest for three months. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Motivational Interviewing was effective in satisfying needs for autonomy and relatedness but not on need for competence. Depression could affect need for competence. The findings indicate that motivational interviewing is effective to satisfying basic psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness which are necessary in controlling risk factors of coronary artery disease. It seems that need for competence is under influence of depression. So, treating depression is a prerequisite of satisfying need for competence.

Sustained attention, response inhibition and reaction time are three variables of Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and they are main components of executive functions. The aim of this research was to compare ADHD and normal children on these variables. 21 ADHD and 21 normal children, aged 6-11 years were selected as an available sample from primary schools of Tehran and SNAP-IV scale, Raven colored test and CPT were administered with them. The data was analyzed using Multiple Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and then separate univariate tests of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used. Results indicated that the effect of covariate variable was significant only on CPT reaction time. According to Pillai’s Trace Statistic, The effect of group membership on linear Composite of dependent variables was significant (P<0.001). To control for alpha inflation, the Bonferroni adjustment was performed to alpha levels ().Results of univariate ANCOVAs indicated that group differences on all three dependent variables of sustained attention, response inhibition and CPT reaction time was significant (p<0.017). ADHD children had lower performance on all three CPT variables compared to normal children.

The different scales for assessing Schizotypal traits were developed from different perspectives. These scales confined themselves only to certain aspects of the Schizotypal personality. In contrast, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire is more comprehensive scale based on nine clinical features of Schizotypal personality disorder described by the DSM-IV-TR. The aim of this study was validation and factor analysis of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The current study was conducted in descriptive research context. A group of 609 normal participants (187 male  422 female) from Tabriz Payame Nour and Azad University and Sarab Payame Nour University students took part in this research. Two and three factor solutions were investigated using Principal Component Analysis with Promax rotation, but two factor solutions showed better logical and symptomological fitnesses. There are no sex differences in Schizotypy among groups. To calculate the convergent validity of SPQ and its negative & positive factors, concurrent application of Schizotypal Trait Questionnaire A form was used and was found to have 0.80, 0.75, 0.82 correlations. The SPQ and its negative & positive factors were found to have 0.74, 0.77, 0.83 internal reliability, 0.80, 0.72, 0.70 test-retest reliability. Based on these results, it was concluded that SPQ contain good validity and reliability in Iranian population and it can be used, as valid measure, in Psychological and Psychiatric researches.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of self-efficacy training on runaway girls improvement of social relations in Isfahan city. The participants of this study were two runaway girls who residing in Isfehan Behzisti Center and recognized to have social relation disorders. An evidence-base methodology was used to measure positive social behaviors which gave to shift trainers checklists. The trainers observed and recorded these in the form of behaviors. A single-subject method with A-B design methodology research used as well. The intervention started right after the baseline condition and 12 individual sessions of self-efficacy training given to them afterwards. Also, they were given follow up tests after 2 successive weeks of training. The results of the data analysis based on descriptive statistic's and visual analysis indices revealed that the intervention has been effective on the two participants (100% of PND for both participants). The results of the present study were compatible with those of previously conducted ones indicating that the positive social relations of individuals improve along with the increase in their self-efficacy. As a result, self-efficacy training in this study increased the positive social relations of under study runaway girls.