مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، پاییز 1390)

Sepsis is a systemic response to infection leading to organdeath.With regard to the side effects of synthetic drugs, nowadays using medicinal plants in treatment of sepsis must not be ignored. In this study, the protective role of caraway hydroalcoholic extractin heart and kidney injuries in experimental inflammation model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was examined. For the purpose of this study, the rats were divided into five groups i.e: Sham-operated (SOP); CLP; CLP+hydroalcoholic extract (50&100 mg/kg) and CLP+Indomethacin (10mg/kg) as positive control. The extract and indomethacin were injected i.p immediately after sepsis induction. 24 hours after CLP, the rats were sacrificed and their hearts, kidneys and plasma were removed and analyzed. The differences between the results were assessed by one-way ANOVA test followed byTukey’s HSD. The results of this study showed that lipid peroxidation (LP) in kidney and alsoplasmaurea/creatinine ratio were increased in CLP rats. In contrast, the glutathione (GSH) level of kidney was not changed indicating the partial damage of kidney tissue due to sepsis. Unlike indomethacine, treatment of rats with both doses of caraway hydroalcoholic extract did not modulate these parameters. It can be concluded that treatment of septic rats by caraway hydroalcoholic extract immediately after sepsis induction via i.p route cannot modulate parameters related to kidney damages.So, this extract is not able to protect the kidney tissue against oxidative injuries induced by sepsis.

Peganum Harmala L. (Zygophylaceae) has been used in a variety of practical applications in medical science. The aim of this study was to determine antifungal activity of seed extract of Peganum Harmala against fungal strains. In vitro antifungal activities of Alkaloid extract of Peganum Harmalawere tested against Aspergillusniger, Microsporumgypseum, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth microdilution method. After that, the effects of extract were compared with those of miconazole. Peganum Harmala alkaloid extract had antifungal activity against all the fungi species tested with MIC values ranging from 1 to 3.2 mg/ml. The results indicate that alkaloid extract of P. Harmala has antifungal activity and might be promising, at least, in treatment of fungal-associated diseases from mentioned fungi.

Pregnancy is a distinct period in the life of all of women leading to hormonal and physical changes. The changes could affect theirsexuality and behavioral relationship during pregnancy. Lack of adequate information about relationships between couples may cause feelings of tension and discomfort during pregnancy. With regard to the importance of this matter and limited research in this area, the study aimed atexploring women’ sexual relationships during pregnancy. This qualitative-descriptive study wascarried out in Gorgan. Open ended interviews were conducted with 51 pregnant women who had referred to the clinic at a teaching hospital in Gorgan (Deziani). All interviews were tape recorded. The data were coded and categorized as is usual in qualitative methods. In this research, 73% of the women reported low libido during pregnancy. All of the participants refused having intercourse during pregnancy for many reasons, such as concern about baby health, abortion, pain and discomfort due to a big abdomen. Most of the participants made some changes in their coitus position. The most common position for 45% of them during intercourse was "rear position”. All of the women stated that they hadexperienced asense ofbelonging and attachment to their spouses more than before. They had experienced the need to have more emotional care. According to this study the women face an increase in emotional needs and adecrease in sexual drive. Showing less sexual feelings may be due to personal and cultural beliefs. Appropriate education would probablybe helpful for the married couples.

Burn wounds are the suitable environment for the growth of infectious opportunist microorganisms. Awareness of effective microorganisms in causing the infection and their antibiotic sensitivity has a fundamental role in precise prevention and treatment of infection. This study aimed at investigating the effective bacterial factors in post burn infections and their antibiotic resistance in burn ward of Nekuei Hospital in Qom. In this study, the sampling carried out from 70 hospitalized patients in burn ward of Nekuei hospital in a 5-month period. After sampling and bacterial isolation, the biochemical tests were performed to detect the microorganisms based on available standards. Determination of antibiotic resistance model was carried out by Disk Diffusion or Kirby Bauer method including antibiotics Co-Trimoxazole, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Cephalothin, Ceftazidime, Amoxycillin, Amikacin, Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol, Cefazolin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, and Imipenem. In this study, out of 70 samples taken from hospitalized patients in burn ward, 54 (%77.15) wound samples had positive culture. The most prevalence bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 40 samples (%38.09) causing hospital infection, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with 12 (%11.42) and Enterococcus faecalis 10 samples (%9.59), respectively. The result of this study indicate that with regard to high prevalence of hospital infections in burn ward, using the new methods is an inevitable tool for prevention and transfer of infectious agents. Moreover, the use of effective antibiotics such as Amikacin and Gentamycin is vital in the treatment process.

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a parasitological disease transmitted by female sand flies. There are several endemic foci of disease in different parts of Iran. The disease is mostly reported from central part of Qom Province including the villages Ghanavat and Qomrood. It is clear that knowledge on sand flies ecologyhas the main role in planning the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). This study was carried out to determinecutaneous leishmaniasis vectors in Gomrood district of Qom provincein 2009. The present study was a descriptive, cross-sectional one conducted on sand flies (the leishmaiosis vectors). It was carried out in Qomrood area of central district of Qom province during 2009. Sand flies were collected biweekly from indoors (bed rooms, stables, etc.) and outdoors-rodent burrows of three villages in Gomrood district, using 180 sticky traps (castor oil coated white paper 20 x 32 cm) from the beginning (May) to the end (November) of the active season. For species identification, sand flies were mounted in Puri’s medium and identified after 24 hours using the keys of Theodor and Mesghali (1964). A total of 10252 adult sand flies (4578 from indoors and 5674 from outdoors) were collected and identified during May and November 2009. The following seven species were found in indoors: Phlebotomuspapatasi (86.1%), p. salehi (0/021%), P. sergenti (1/74%), p. caucasicus (1/26%), p. alexandri(0/24%), Sergentomyiasintoni (10/35%) and S. theodori(0/26%). The collected species of oudoors were Phlebotomuspapatasi (54/67%), P. sergenti (0/35%), p. alexandri(0/035%), S. sintoni (44/02%) S. dentata (0/21%) S. clydei (0/19%), S. theodori (0/46%) and S. pawlowski (0/05%). The most common sand flies in indoors and outdoors resting places were P. papatasi and S. sintoni. P. salehi was the lowest collected species in Gomrood district. The active peaks of sand flies were observed in late May and late August. The sex ratio i.e. number of males/100 females of P. papatasi was calculated to be 241.5 and 307.3 in indoors and rodent burrows, respectively. Our entomological survey showed that P. papatasi was the dominant species in indoors and outdoors. It seems this species can be probable vector for ZCL in the study area. Nevertheless, it is necessary that more studies are suggested (specially using molecular methods) in order to determinethe proven vector (s).

Today, hyaluronidase enzyme has a wide application in medicine, pharmaceutics, histoegineering, oncology and ophthalmology. Its therapeutical significance is based upon the breakage of hyaluronan, resulting in increasing the level of membranous permeability, decreasing viscosity index and facilitating the spread of injected liquids. In fact, hyaluronidase causes a huge increase in the absorption of some injected drugs like antibiotics improving the efficiency of any local anesthetics. Today, producing this kind of enzyme through microorganisms has attracted considerableattention. Considering that BHI broth culture is an expensive medium and cannot be used as an economical medium for industrial production of the enzyme, designing a synthetic culture medium has been considered in order to keep its production within the limit of BHI (7.4unit/ml) in an economical manner. The isolate G8 (obtained from the soil of Behesht Zahra district in Tehran) was used as a nativestrain and producer of the enzyme. G8 is a kind of aerobic soporiferous bacillus.In addition mall compounds contained in the culture were recognized and their concentrations were measured through Taguchi design method. The amount of produced enzyme was measured by carbazole method. According to Taguchi design method, culture medium containing fructose (5g/l) yeast extract (15g/l), ammonium chloride (10g/l) with a rotational speed (250rpm) was condition to produce the enzyme through G8. The amount of produced enzyme was very significant in such condition (8.04unit/ml). The obtained results from the study can be used to design any suitable industrial culture media and to determine the best physicochemical condition (aeration) for economical production of hyaluronidase through G8.

The viruses are the most common cause of eye infection. The most common viruses in conjunctivitis infection include Herpes simplex virus, Adeno virus and Entrovirus. It has been estimated that HSV1 causes 60-90% conjunctival infectionsin adults. Recurrent infection by HSV1 results in Herpes keratitis that is the most common cause for blindness in developing countries. Therefore, a prompt laboratory diagnosis is often very useful. Theaim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of conjunctivitis infection by HSV-1 Hospital affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) in 2009. This descriptive cross-sectional study was doneon 100 tear film and eye swabs specimens from patient with symptoms of viral conjunctivitis. All samples werecollected in viral transport media (VTM) and inoculated in Vero cell line. Viral cytopatic effect was compared with control sample. HSV1 DNA wasdetected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chi-square test was used to for data analysis (p

Infection diseaseshave always been an important concern of human being and attracted theattention of a large number of professionals from the medical and laboratory community. On the other hand, antibiotic treatment can bring about microbial resistance and many side effects. Therefore, using medical plants with fewer side effects can be of great help in the treatment of these infections. The aim of this study was to examine antimicrobial effects of the flowers and leaves of methanol extract of Achilleawilhelmsii on the growth of some pathogenic bacteria. In this study, methanol extracts were obtained by Soxhlet apparatus and Rotary and were tested invitro against 4 bacteria species: Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherchia coli. Several concentrations of flowers and leaves of methanol extracts (20,30,50,400 mg/ml) were prepared by using DMSO solvent and then antimicrobial activity was tested using Agar well diffusion and dilution Test. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and AVONA statistical tests (p

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis with a high prevalence throughout the world. T. gondii infection is frequently asymptomatic. In high risk population serological screening isrecommended for identification of non-Immune women. Due to considerable prevalence of toxoplasmosis during childbearing age, identification of non-immune girls is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of anti toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM in high-school girls and to detect agents that increase prevalence of the disease. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, afterobtaining consent and completion of the questionnaire (Epidemiologic Profile), 240 blood samples were collected from high-school girls through cluster sampling method in spring 2009. A questionnaire was used for data collection for epidemiological factors. IgG and IgM specific antibodies to toxoplasmosis gondii were detected using enzyme-linked Immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Chi-square test was used for determining the relationship between some variables associated with the serological results for anti-T. gondii antibodies. 35 Out of 240 high-school girls, (%14.6) were positive for T. gondiiIgG. None of the sample showed anti-toxoplasma IgM antibodies. The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between consumption of undercooked meat (p=0.01) and raw vegetables (p=0.03) with increasing seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis. There was no significant relationship between seropositive cases and other factors. The results of this study showed that in order to reduce infection consuming well-cooked meat and vegetable is necessary.

Nowadays, the use of educational models to determine the causes of rejection of health-related behaviors has been on theincrease. Health belief model is one of the models during the past years has been considered. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure health belief model constructs in preventive behavior about self-medication in pregnant women in the city of Arak. Thisanalytical, cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 pregnant women having referred to health centers in Arak city. Data collection was based on the Health Belief Model (susceptibility, severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action) and the checklist of self efficacy and practice mothers about self-medication. Data were collected from organized interviews and finally analyzed using descriptive statistical tests such as Pearson correlation. In this research the mean age of subjects studied was found to be 28. 15±4. 25 years and the mean duration of pregnancy was 7. 2±4. 6 weeks. Moreover the findings showed that there was a reverse relationship between self-medication measures by the mothers under study and perceived barriers، sensitivity, severity, benefits and perceived self efficacy. Based on the results of this study, health belief model constructs in pregnant women who practice self-medication have low precision. Therefore, a training program based on health belief model is strongly recommended in order toenhance sensitivity and perceived severity in pregnant women to their health and self-medication and also increase their self efficacy and perceived benefits with a reduction of perceived barriers.

The destructive effect of centralized management can be found throughout each organization, which is a barrier for delegation of authority and productivity leading to administrative violence increase and compression and frigidity of affairs. With attention to the importance of delegation of authority this research aimed at determining the correlation between the manager's delegation of authority with the manner of employee direction in Qom hospitals, designed for contributing to improvement of managers’ performance in hospitals. This correlational and cross-sectional research, was carried out on all the employees under the control of managers and chiefs of Qom province hospitals (N=2167). Sampling was done by cluster sampling method through the use of Cokran sampling based on Morgan and kerjsi chart. 998 samples with the confidence level of %95 and permitted errors of 0.05 were randomly selected. Data were collected via questionnaires which were answered by self-report method. The data were then analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient, variance's test F analyses, multiple variant regression and T-test. The mean score of the manager's non-delegation of authority was (32.4). Among the indicators of the direction, there was a significant relationship between the motivation (mean= 61.44) and organizational communication (49.39), also there was a significant relationship between the managers’ delegation of authority and the manner of their employees direction (non-delegation of authority R=-0.13). Due to the meaningful and direct relationship between most of direction variables with the managers’ delegation of authority, increasing the delegation of authority and deconcentration can lead to an increase in employee motivation and (vertical and formal) communication and improved performance of affairs.

The destructive effect of centralized management can be found throughout each organization, which is a barrier for delegation of authority and productivity leading to administrative violence increase and compression and frigidity of affairs. With attention to the importance of delegation of authority this research aimed at determining the correlation between the manager's delegation of authority with the manner of employee direction in Qom hospitals, designed for contributing to improvement of managers’ performance in hospitals. This correlational and cross-sectional research, was carried out on all the employees under the control of managers and chiefs of Qom province hospitals (N=2167). Sampling was done by cluster sampling method through the use of Cokran sampling based on Morgan and kerjsi chart. 998 samples with the confidence level of %95 and permitted errors of 0.05 were randomly selected. Data were collected via questionnaires which were answered by self-report method. The data were then analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient, variance's test F analyses, multiple variant regression and T-test. The mean score of the manager's non-delegation of authority was (32.4). Among the indicators of the direction, there was a significant relationship between the motivation (mean= 61.44) and organizational communication (49.39), also there was a significant relationship between the managers’ delegation of authority and the manner of their employees direction (non-delegation of authority R=-0.13). Due to the meaningful and direct relationship between most of direction variables with the managers’ delegation of authority, increasing the delegation of authority and deconcentration can lead to an increase in employee motivation and (vertical and formal) communication and improved performance of affairs.

Maternal attachment has the potential to affect both child development and parenting. As such, mother-infant attachment has been considered an important topic in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal adult attachment style, the maternal obstetric and demographic characteristics and mother-infant attachment. In this descriptive-correlational study, 102 women who had referred to health centers in Mashhad in 2008 and who had inclusion criteriawere selected using stratified cluster sampling. After interview about obstetric and demographic characteristics, they were asked to complete the "Revised Adult Attachment Scale" and "Mother to Infant Attachment Inventory" for assessment of maternal attachment style and mother-infant attachment 4-5 weeks after delivery. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation, Kruskal-wallis and Mann-whitney statistical tests. In this study, themean of mother-infant attachment was found to be 97.486.12 and the mean of secure adult attachment was higher than that of other styles (16.893.97). Although, there were negative significant relationship between maternal avoidant style and mother-infant attachment (p=0.037,r=-0/20), there were no relationship between maternal age and education, parity, type of delivery and mother-infant attachment. The results of this research show that maternal attachment style is one of the factors of mother -infant attachment.

Artic Hyphema, the blood in the anterior eye chamber, can be caused by penetrating or blunt trauma or other causes. This study aimed at investigating the clinical features of 15 cases of traumatic Hyphema, having referred to ophthalmology ward of Shahid Beheshti hospital of Babol university of medical sciences. In this study the clinical characteristics of 15 patients with eye trauma-who had referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol University of medical sciences during 2008-2009- were examined. In addition to eye trauma the selected patients had microscopic or macroscopic anterior eye chamber hemorrhages. The mean age of patients was 25. 1 years. Eleven patients were male and four were female. Increased IOP was seen in 4 cases, three patients improved with drug therapy, but one patient needed surgery due to an increase in IOP and the re-bleeding. Regarding the degree of Hyphema, 4 cases were microscopic Hyphema, 2 cases were grade 1 of Hyphema, 3 cases were grade 2 of Hyphema, 3 cases were grade 3 of Hyphema, 2 cases grade 4 of Hyphema and one case was not assessable due to flattened anterior chamber, Visual Acuity was mostly poor at the beginning of admission which was significantly improved after treatment. On the whole, six patients underwent surgery. The results of this study show that patients with traumatic Hyphema usually have poor Visual Acuity at the beginning of admission, but the vision was relatively improved with early treatment in many cases. Therefore, proper and timely treatment is necessary in these patients.

Ar Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a soft tissue sarcoma of undifferentiated mesenchymal cell origin which is considered the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults. It commonly occurs in the 5th and 6th decades with a 2-to-1 male to female ratio. It most frequently occurs in the extremities and retroperitoneum. Most of it is derived from soft tissues and some of it from bone tissue. In this study, we introduce a patient who had MFH in retroperitoneal area and at the time of diagnosis the tumor size and weight had reached a significant level. Case Report: The patient is a 54-year-old male that referred to the hospital with complaints of pain and fullness in the abdomen. His pain had started from two years ago and had been accompanied with early satiation, bloating, weight gain and hypertension. On physical examination, asymmetric enhancement was visible. After diagnosis of mass and investigation of its development in abdomen and pelvic with CTscan, the patient was underwent operation and a mass with about 11kg of weigh was resected. During pathologic investigation, high grade spindle cell sarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were reported. After resection of tumor, the abdominal pain of patient disappeared and additionally his blood pressure came back to normal levels.