فهرست مطالب

Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
Volume:13 Issue: 9, Sep 2011

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1390/07/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 16
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  • Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Page 608
  • M. Ebrahimi, M. Ghayour-Mobarhan, Gaa Ferns Page 610
    Background
    Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability in the world. The high prevalence and morbidity associated with CAD in Iran is one of the most pressing health problems.
    Methods
    We have reviewed the status of CAD and prevalence of its traditional and novel risk factors based on the published papers in recent years that may have an impact on the rate of CAD in Iran. Evaluation of current impact of metabolic syndrome in Iran was the other aim of this review, as it contributes to pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. We reviewed all PubMed indexed related studies. Some evidences from national articles which were published by the Ministry Of Health and Medical Education Research Council Certified Medical Journals of Islamic Republic of Iran were also included.
    Results
    The prevalence of CAD, coronary risk factors and metabolic syndrome in Iran is higher than Western countries and similar to some Middle East countries. There are limited data with regard to novel coronary risk factors in Iran.
    Conclusion
    Primary and secondary prevention of CAD including life style modifications and dietary interventions strongly recommended in Iranian population.
  • S. Sattari, Ar Ashraf Page 624
    Background
    There are many opinions and controversies regard the effect of lateral wedge insoles and valgus stress 3point knee braces in treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). In this study we compared the effect of lateral wedge insoles and 3 point knee supports in treatment of medial compartment knee OA.
    Method
    Sixty patients (35-65 years), with knee pain and genu varum and moderate to severe medial compartment DJD were divided into three groups. The first group received a custom molded 3 point valgus stress knee support. Lateral wedge insoles were applied for the second group and the third group served as control. All groups were followed for 9 months according to pain severity, walking distance, and radiologic changes.
    Results
    Pain reduced significantly in both lateral wedge and knee brace groups compared to control group with more significant reduction in the brace group. The walking distance was significantly longer only in the brace group. There was more pronounced effect of brace in patients with severe DJD in walking distance compared to moderate DJD, but not in severity of pain.
    Conclusion
    Three point valgus stress knee support had more significant effect on pain reduction, walking distance and also radiologic improvement of patients with moderate to severe medial compartment DJD compared to lateral wedge insoles and could even reverse radiologic findings.
  • N. Tanideh, S. Dehghani, F. Mojtahed Jaberi, D. Mehrabani, S. Rezazadeh, S. Pakbaz, A. Tamadon, B. Nikahval Page 629
    Background
    The full-thickness articular cartilage defects of knee have a poor healing capacity that may progress to osteoarthritis and need a knee replacement. This study determines the healing effect of bioglue in full-thickness articular cartilage defect of femoral condyle in rabbit.
    Methods
    Forty-eight male rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups. In group A, 4 mm articular cartilage defects were created in the right and left medial femoral condyles. Then a graft from xiphoid cartilage was transferred into the defect together with a designed bioglue and the knees were closed. In group B, an articular cartilage defect was created identical to group A, but the defect size was 6 mm. In group C, 4 and 6 mm articular cartilage defects were created in the right and left medial femoral condyles respectively. The graft was transferred into the defect and the knees were stitched. In group D, articular cartilage defects were created similar to group C, just filled with bioglue and closed. The rabbits were euthanized and subgroups were defined as A1, B1, C1 and D1 after 30 days and A2, B2, C2 and D2 after 60 days. The cartilages were macroscopically and histologically investigated for any changes.
    Results
    Microscopic and macroscopic investigations showed that bioglue had a significant healing effect in the femoral condyle.
    Conclusion
    Addition of bioglue can effectively promote the healing of articular cartilage defects.
  • M. Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi, R. Faghihi, M. Karami, Z. Siavashpour, H. Owji Page 637
    Background
    Radon gas emanating from underground can concentrate indoor and reach levels, which represent a risk to people’s health. According to WHO (World Health Organization) and EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the world. Due to the direct correlation of lung cancer and radon exposure, it is ideal to evaluate the hazards of radon accumulation in the Iran dwellings with different materials by direct measurement of the radon concentrations using accurate, simple and fast method. The aim of this study was to measure variation of radon concentrations with different covering materials on internal building surfaces including walls, which are used in Iran dwellings.
    Methods
    A special chamber with changeable walls of different covering materials (gypsum, wallpaper, oil dye, plastic dye, wood board, and Belka) was made. Radioactive lantern mantles were used for elevating the radon (220Rn) levels in the chamber artificially. Ventilation in the chamber had been such way that accumulation of radon could be possible. Active measurement by Prassi portable radon gas surveyor was performed for staging purposes.
    Results
    The average radon concentration for wood and plastic dye was 869.0±66.7 and 936.8±60.6 (bq/m³), respectively, while that for wallpaper and gypsum was 449.2±101.7, 590.9±49.0 (bq/m³), significantly lower than other covers. The average radon concentration for oil dye and Belka cover was 668.3±42.3, 697.2±136.7 (bq/m³), respectively.
    Conclusion
    Individuals living in a house with internal wall covering materials of gypsum and wallpaper receive an average annual dose smaller than one living in a house with internal wall covering materials of wood board and plastic dye. Using wallpaper and gypsum as an internal cover for the dwellings suggested.
  • M. Saffari, F. Ghofranipour, M. Mahmoudi, A. Montazeri Page 641
    Background
    Since the stress and coping are the most reported problems by adolescents, this study aims to apprise the stressors, coping strategies and influential factors among male adolescents.
    Methods
    The effect of stressors, coping strategies and some demographics variables were studied in 402 male adolescents in Tehran, Iran. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multiple regression was performed to assess factors related to perceived stress.
    Results
    The mean age of adolescents was 15.44 (SD=0.68) years. The mean value of perceived stress for the whole sample was 17.99 (SD=6.02). Cognitive/emotional coping was the most frequent coping style. The findings revealed that there was a significant correlation between perceived and accumulative stress. In multiple regression analysis, the accumulative stress, social resources, parent`s education and grade point average were found to be significant predictors of perceived stress.
    Conclusion
    The findings suggest that increased level of perceived stress is associated with accumulative stress, social resources and parent`s education that are modifiable factors. Stress management education might be a solution to overcome increased perceived stress.
  • A. Rezaianzadeh, St Heydari, H. Hosseini, Aa Haghdoost, E. Barooti, Kb Lankarani Page 647
    Background
    Prevalence of breast cancer in Asian developing countries is much lower than western developed countries. The main aim of this study was to measure breast cancer prevalence in a defined population of Iran.
    Methods
    A total of 25201 women who were under coverage of “Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF)”, which is an organization for delivering supportive social and cultural services to the deprived and poor subgroups of the society, were involved in the study. The study was conducted during years 2007 and 2008. All subjects were interviewed for their socio-demographic features and underwent precise clinical and para-clinical breast examination.
    Results
    Mean age was 47 years with standard deviation 10 ranging from 11 to 88 years. Subjects were from deprived subgroups of the community; were mainly illiterate or had primary school education (86%) and majority of them (93%) had their first full-term pregnancy at age less than 26 years and also were multiparous. With confirmed diagnosis by breast biopsy, breast cancer prevalence was 0.15% (95%CI; 0.10-0.20).
    Conclusion
    Compared with developed countries, Asian developing countries have been at a lower risk of breast cancer development. It is seen that more deprived subgroups are at much lower risk. The more industrialized life is accompanied with more hazards.
  • S. Aydogdu, Kh Altintas Page 651
    Background
    Search and rescue (SAR) is a component of emergency and disaster response. SAR teams are limited in number; thus, collecting information on their characteristics may facilitate the establishment of mutual agreement protocols between countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the Turkish Civil Defense SAR Units.
    Methods
    This descriptive study was conducted in 11 provinces of Turkey from July 2008 to October 2009. Interviews, observations and records were used to gather data, and descriptive statistics are presented. To evaluate the adequacy of personnel and equipment, a Likert-type scoring system was used (0-4 points).
    Results
    The size and population density of regions served by SAR Units varied. The mean duration of ground transportation from SAR Unit bases to the furthest provinces in their regions was 4.0±1.2 hours. The mean gathering and loading times were 70.5±42.3 and 48.6±18.0 minutes, respectively. The total employment ratio was 55.6%. The surface and underwater rescue section showed the highest functional sufficiency (3.3±0.7). The mean value for adequacy of SAR equipment was 2.6. Deficiencies were identified in periodic medical check-ups, preventive health measures and after-mission medical examinations for the personnel.
    Conclusion
    There is a need for standardization and improvement in various characteristics of SAR Units.
  • F. Rakhshani, Z. Sepehri, M. Keikha, T. Rakhshani, Mr Ebrahimi Page 660
    Background
    Smokeless tobacco use is growing among youth in many countries especially developing countries. Paan is one of these products that its use in many cultures is of interest. This study evaluates the use of paan among males school-age and assess the attributed factors.
    Methods
    A cross-sectional study was done on 504 high school pupils of Zahedan city, Capital of Sistan va Baluchistan Province, southeastern Iran in June 2007. Samples were selected by multistage sampling method from high school students in different geographic areas. A questionnaire including 43 questions was completed through interviews.
    Results
    The mean age of participants was 16.2±1.1 years. While 10.4% of the students were current users of paan, 17.9% were ex-users. Mean duration of using paan was 2.5±1.6 years. Number of daily paan consumption was 4.2±3.6/day. Cigar was the most common substance used at least once by pupils (18.6%) followed by paan (17.9%), naas (11.5%) and other illicit drugs. Only 64.7% of our pupils did not use any illicit drug at the time of study. Risk of paan use among students who had a history of taking any other substance was 18-fold more than others. In the case of each attitude, score accretion and risk of paan consumption declined up to 16%.
    Conclusion
    Among multiple personal, familial and environmental factors, positive history of using any kind of illicit drugs by students and their attitude had strong association with paan use.
  • R. Saeedi, M. Gholami, Sh Dinparvar, M. Kabirian Page 666
    Background
    Transcutaneous feeding is suggested for very low birth weight infants. This study evaluates the effect of massage with coconut oil on weight gaining in preterm newborns.
    Methods
    This quasi-experimental study was conducted from Aug 2007 to Mar 2008 in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Seventy three newborns were randomly assigned to three groups. Weight of newborns was measured daily during the study in three groups: A (massage with coconut oil), B (massage only), C (control group) by a nurse who was blind to the study.
    Results
    There was a significant difference between three groups in weight gaining after intervention. The results of Tukey test indicated that difference between groups A and B, A and C was significant but there was not a significant difference between group B and C.
    Conclusion
    Massage with coconut oil had a positive effect on weight gaining in preterm newborns.
  • Mh Mirsadraee, Ak Asnashari, Dm Attaran Internist Page 670
    Background
    Anthracosis is the black pigment discoloration of bronchi with an unknown cause which can cause bronchial destruction and deformity (anthracofibrosis). The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of tuberculosis in anthracosis and evaluate their association.
    Methods
    One hundred and twenty subjects with bronchoscopy diagnosis of simple anthracosis, anthracofibrosis and non-anthracotic control groups entered this study. Demographic data and important clinical and radiological findings were recorded. Bronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed for further cytopathological, acid-fast bacilli staining and culture in all cases.
    Results
    Cough and dyspnea were significantly higher in anthracosis subjects. Radiological characteristic of tuberculosis such as upper lobe localization and cavity were not significantly higher in anthracosis subjects that suffer from tuberculosis. Laboratory test for tuberculosis showed positive acid fast bacilli in 17.5 and 25% and caseating granuloma in 20 and 17.5% of anthracosis and anthracofibrosis subjects. Adding the result of culture, the frequency of tuberculosis in both groups of anthracosis was 27.5% that was significantly more than non-anthracotic control group (Odd ratio= 6.15, CL=1.29Conclusion
    Anthracosis and tuberculosis showed a significant association. Anti-tuberculosis therapy promised better treatment of anthracosis in subjects proved to suffer from tuberculosis.
  • Z. Jaafari-Ashkavandi, Mj Ashraf, N. Afandak Page 674
    Background
    Intraoral minor salivary glands tumors (MSGT) are uncommon, with geographic variations in frequency and distribution. This study analyzed the clinic-pathologic features of these tumors in Shiraz, southern Iran.
    Methods
    All of cases histopathologically recorded as epithelial MSGT in Pathology Department of Khalili Hospital from 2002 to 2009 were evaluated with regard to patient's age and gender, tumor location and type, retrospectively.
    Results
    Out of 82 cases of MSGT, 53.7% were benign and 46.3% were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant tumors, respectively. The palate was the most common site of involvement (64.6%). Male to female ratio was 1:1.27. The mean age of the patients was 35.0±17.2 years for benign and 48.8±18.2 years for malignant tumors.
    Conclusion
    MSGTs in the present study represent many characteristics of other studies. However, our patients who were affected by benign tumors were young.
  • F. Zand, S. Asadi, P. Katibeh Page 680
  • M. Mozafar, H. Molaei, M. Hassani, Ma Shahabedin Page 682
  • S. Haghbin, Z. Tayebi, A. Abbasian, H. Haghbin Page 684