فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 27 (پاییز 1390)

Family is the center of love and kindness and the laws and regulations shall not interrupt this sacred institution, because no legislator may levy indispensible laws to offer love and kindness and force the family members to love. Hence, Article 10 of the Iran’s Constitution regards the ethical share in the family and planners are recommended to simplify the family formation procedure.In fact, family is formed based on traditions, beliefs and morals and the share of these beliefs and ethics compared to the laws and regulations is crucial and wherever the legislator manipulates the fundamentals of the family, damaging results are manifested. This paper is an attempt to look for the share of ethical factors in the family. Also, it tries to test the accuracy of the theory that the jurisprudents are not willing to apportion the same weight for marriage in Fiqh-Islamic jurisprudence- as compared with other legal institutions and to apply general rules of contract, since they have properly found that family is affected by morality and fundamentals of the family are based on ethics.

Assessment of personality constructs and psychological variables as influential factors in marital satisfaction has attracted plenty of researchers’ attention. In this field, the study of hardiness variable as a personality characteristic is important. In this study, 100 married women who lived in a university dormitory in Tehran were selected. Subjects filled out “ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire” and “Personal Views Survey (P.V.S.)”. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. Statistical results indicated that hardiness was significantly related to marital satisfaction and predicted it. Furthermore, stepwise regression implicated that commitment component of hardiness mainly predicted the total marital satisfaction and most of its subscales. The second important factor was control component, and finally challenge component enterred the analysis. As expected, results admitted more marital satisfaction in hardy personalities.

The purpose of this research was to study the correlation between child’s secure attachment and factors of maternal behavior. 60 mother-child clusters were randomly selected from mothers who had at least one child within the age range of 1-5. The data gathering instruments included two questionnaires: Attachment Q-Sort (AQS) and Maternal Behavior Rating Scale.Prototype and hierarchical regression analysis (stepwise) were used to analyze the collected data. Results showed that there are positive and significant relationships between secure attachment of a child and factors of maternal behavior. Also, analyzing the subscales indicated that there are positive and significant relationships between the child’s secure attachment and sensitivity, warmth and joy in the maternal behavior.

Low parental self-efficacy can result in child maltreatment and some effects on the socio-emotional, cognitive and physical development of children. It also can affect the parents’ psychological adjustment. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of positive parenting program (Triple-P) on mothers’ parental self-efficacy. The study was an experimental research (pretest, post-test) with a control group. The sample consisted of 24 mothers of 7-9 years-old daughters. Participants completed the Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The experimental group received 8 sessions of triple-p while the control group received no specific training. Results of ANCOVA revealed a significant difference (p< 0/05) in the mean scores of the groups. Positive parenting program was shown to have affected the mothers’ parental self- efficacy through providing them opportunity for appropriate parenting modeling, developing positive child-parent relationship, social support and incorporating the level of knowledge and mothers’ abilities. Some limitations of the study, suggestions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.

Many studies have shown that the family of autistic children, especially their parents, experience great stress and face psychological problems. Therefore it is better to use programs that focus not only on children but also on parents. One of these programs is the ‘Little Bird’. The Little Bird Program is a parent-focused program designed to help par-ents understand and work with their autistic children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Little Bird program on improving the mothers’ mental health of autistic children. The research design was quasi-experimental with an experimental and control groups. The sample comprised 24 mothers. The General Health Questionnaire 3 times: a week before the intervention, in the 16th week and a month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the repeated measure ANOVAs. The results showed that the Little Bird program has a significant effect on improving the mothers’ mental health. Programs which try to modify the mothers’ attitudes and perceptions about problematic behaviors of their children can increase their potential to cope with parental tasks and this, in turn, can decrease mothers’ parental stress and improve their mental health.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between family function and quality of life among university students. The me-thod used is descriptive. The sample comprises 317 university students using random cluster sampling. The tools of data collection includes the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Quality of Life (SF-36) question-aires. Collected data were analyzed by means of Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression analysis. The results show that there is a negative and reverse relationship between disorder in family function and quality of life (r=-0.381). There were also negative and reverse relationships between dysfunction in all components of family function (General function, problem solving, communication, roles, affective acco-mpanying, behavior control, and affective closeness) and quality of life (r=-0.37, -0.27, -0.25, -0.32, -0.25, -0.33, -0.29 respectively). Also the results obtained from regression analysis indicate that about %14 of quality of life variance in students is determined by components of general function and behavior control. It is suggested that students’ quality of life may be enhanced by improving their family function via educational and counseling programs.

Arguments may be found in almost all interpersonal relationships in a society. They play an important role in the social and personal lives of people. Therefore, it seems necessary to ide-ntify some factors which enhance or inhibit argumentativeness. The purp-ose of this study is to investigate the relationship between perceived parent-ing style, ways of knowing and stud-ent's argumentativeness in a sample of 401 subjects who completed the scales of argumentativeness, attitude toward thinking and learning and also the parenting style questionnaire. Findings indicate that children of authoritative parents are more willing to separate knowing and demonstrate higher levels of argumentativeness than those of authoritarian parents. In addition, this study indicates a significant difference between men and women in ways of knowing, suggesting that men are more willing to separate knowing than women. However, there is no relationship between sex and argumentativeness. Consequently, according to the results obtained, it is manifested that parenting style and ways of knowing affect children’s argumentativeness.

The aim of this study is to compare family function and expressed emotion in families with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and schizophrenic patients. Statistical population is families of patients with RA and schizophrenia in Loghman and Taleghani hospitals in Tehran from June to November 2010.Samples were selected through ac-cessible sampling and consist of 82 families with RA patients and 80 families with schizophrenic patients. In order to assess family function and expressed emotion, caregivers were asked to complete the Family Asse-ssment Device (FAD) and the Family Questionnaire (FQ). One sample t-test, independent-sample t-test and MA-NOVA were applied to analyze the collected data. Results show that family function and expressed emo-tion were significantly different in families of RA and schizophrenic patients. General family function, pro-blem solving, emotional responsiven-ess and emotional over-involvement had higher means in schizophrenic patient's families than RA patient's families. But differences in commu-nication, roles and behavior control were not significant. Also means of expressed emotion in criticism and emotional over-involvement dime-nsions are higher in families with schizophrenic patients than families with RA patients. Family functions in both groups of families were inefficient. Families with schizoph-renic patients indicate more dysfu-nctions and problems in domains of problem solving, emotional respo-nsiveness and emotional involvement in comparison with families with RA patients. Furthermore, criticism and emotional over-involvement patterns are used more in families with schizophrenic patients compared with families with RA patients.