مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1385)

The special space resulted from the interaction between different and varied natural and human forces within a specified regional context are referred to as geographical landscape. The study of landscapes may affect the geographical approach we employ in understanding the fundamental relations between man and environment and investigating the effect of cultural context on natural structure as well. Utilizing approaches of this kind in our analyzing and describing the geographical spaces to optimizing the spaces and maintaining a sustained development of societies, requires a comprehensive knowledge of concepts, historical background and a statement of the theories put in the field. The present paper, employing the information and sources available, attempts to elaborate on the concepts and definitions of the geographical landscape, and reviewing its historical background, will end up in conclusion.

In the past decades, the concept of regionalism has been discussed among both academics and policy makers. This paper studies the relation between regional structure and peace making. How regionalism can contribute to global peace in geographical macro- regions. As a framwork for analysis, the paper presents five different levels of regionalism and analyses their effects on peace- making in the second part of the paper, the argument has been focused on the Persian Gulf as a case study.

During the last few years, the globalization phenomenon has become as a day today topic of discussion in the customary academic and public circles around the globe. Therefore, in the course of history, if we study the transformation of our identities from family to tribal, from local to national and governmental, then question comes to our mind that if this process will continue in 21st century, too. Apparently, globalization has unlimited boundary so far as culture, economy and politics around the globe are concerned which from the viewof time and space has no limitation and constraints, and apparently with respect to recent geopolitical condition has strengthened localization against globalization with the western cultural identity, which coincidentally is the recent creation.

Bandar Anzaly is one of Guilan’s town ship that its sand and etang attracts a lot of tourists in different periods of year. This town ship is one of attractive points oft because of its natural attract. But tourists just know the sea and etang of this city and they have less knowlege about its beautiful and green villages of this town ship. The main goal of this paparis the tourism potential recognition and presentation of this township’s villages that will increase the rural tounists of this rigion. After study and data collection process based on villages abilities, Ghatman Method was used in order to classification the abilities. Then the villagess were graduated.

Rural tourism could be the results of social – economical and cultural expansive changes after world war II; which expanded under the protection of factors such as communication ways improvement; urbanization development; increasing time leisure, increasing environmental pollution, and the level of life promotion. second homes as one of this actions result; first of all prevaild in west and then in other part of the world. In our country also the mountainous territories around big cities and regiones which have good microclimatic conditions have observed this phenomenon formation. Moreover, in “Caspian sea” coast, although the presentation and expantion of second homes have been in coastal regiones, with filling these regione in one hand and making easy the access of mountainouse regiones on the other hand, has carried its development scape to this regione. This reaserch by doing library and scope studies, has discussed the dimenthons and procedures of second homes devlopment in one of rural regiones of “Guilan province” (Khorgam sector of Roodbar township). The result of studies showes that second homes devlopment in the region, generally is because of relative relations and reversed emigration (city to village), and the improvement of communication substructure. Meanwhile, this phenomenon in these devlopmental procedures has been deprived of planning, control and management, and has increased mechanical and automatical form.

According to geographical positions, Iran regularly is affected by different climate systems in warm and cold seasons. In different seasons, according to combination of atmospheric pressure models and topography, the south seashore of Caspian Sea is affected by local stiff wind. Sefidrood Valley is contact canal between Caspian Sea in north and the lands of Central of Iran in south. The drop between these two areas, airways and natural characteristics of Iran, has caused a verity of climate. These antitheses create the different models of atmospheric pressure in different seasons of the year. Iran's local winds blow due to different climate conditions. Local manjil wind with a very high speed and unique conditions, exists during hot period of the year, and is very proper to research on, due to its applicability and potentiality; it can be used for generating energy and constructing wind power plant. In this essay, wind factor has been studied, and on the basis of recorded data of Iran renewable energy Organization and METEOROLOGY dept, topography element in wind creation and changes considering wind speed along sefidrood valley in station have been studied, and on the basis of applicability view, the possibility of wind sour usage and suitable places for installing wind turbines are recognized.