نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)
پیاپی 90 (بهار 1390)

In Garebygone plain of Fars province، about 1365 hectares of bare land were allocated for a flood water spreading station and different species of Acacia and Eucalyptus trees were planted. In this Eucalyptus jungle، a twenty honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) was studied for one year. Having determined the flowering time and flowering period of the different species of Eucalyptus and Acacia trees، the productive characteristics of the colonies were recorded monthly، and the produced honey chemically analyzed. Various species of the Eucalyptus and Acacia planted in the flood spreading system flower in a 12-month season; therefore، enough nectar and pollen are available for honeybees throughout the year. In spring the yield and production characteristics of the colonies were good. Although the amount of nectar and pollen abounded in summer، the colonies were carried to the cold regions، because the temperature and pest population were high in the experimental site. In fall and winter the honeybees collected the nectar and pollen of the trees which bloomed in these seasons and had good wintering. Comparing the experimental honey with the standard criteria indicated it was a honey of quality.

This study was carried out in order to determine reproduction condition of industrial dairy cow farms of Ilam province. First of all، a list of industrial dairy cow farms was provided and then active and inactive farms were recognized. Questionnaires were completed for active farms and data were collected. Means were compared based of completely randomized design with the Duncan multiple range test. Average of services per conception، intervals of parturition to first heat، parturition to first service and parturition to conception (open day)، lactation period، dry period and calving interval were 2. 33±0. 09 times، 52. 3±1. 03، 88. 1±1. 28، 125. 2±1. 96، 333. 4±2. 98، 72. 1±1. 48 and 407. 3±2. 49 days respectively، that showed significant differences (P<0. 01) with the reports of Holstein dairy cow. Also reproduction efficiency of industrial dairy cow of Ilam province was 68. 8±1. 20 percent.

Insurance is a way of risk management in cattle production units. The purpose of this descriptive-correlation research was to determine the factors influencing the rate of insurance adoption by traditional farmers. The population of this study consisted of traditional farms in Isfahan province. A sample of 130 members was selected by using stratified random sampling method. Based on the findings، disease is the important peril in cattle production. Danger coefficient، the ratio of insurance payment to receiving compensation in Isfahan province was 1. 09 which is the moderate compared with other provinces. In general، cattlemen have positive attitude toward insurance. However، 26% of them had very low adoption rate. Attitude toward insurance، satisfaction with insurance procedures، animal hygiene and nutrition، and herd size were the most important factors influencing the adoption rate of insurance among cattlemen. Hence، in order to increase the rate of insurance adoption، attention to these factors is recommended.

In this research، a set of 1300 records belonging to 480 Holstein cows reared in dairy herd of agriculture faculty، Mashhad was used. The records were collected from 1985 to 1998 (14 years). For estimation heritability and genetic correlation animal model was fit to the data. The production traits were lactation milk yield، milk yield at peak time and average daily milk yield. The reproduction traits were gestation length، open days and calving interval. Genetic and environmental variances and covariances were estimated by DFREML software. The heritability estimates were 0. 276 (SE=0. 05)، 0. 215 (SE=0. 05) and 0. 311 (SE=0. 06) for production traits and 0. 173 (SE=0. 04)، 0. 085 (SE=0. 02) and 0. 059 (SE=0. 03) for reproduction traits، respectively. Average daily milk yield had positive genetic correlations with milk yield at peak time (0. 13) and lactation milk yield (approximately 1) indicating that average daily milk yield could be used for genetic selection. With respect to low heritability of reproduction traits، environmental improvement could results in increasing fertility performance in the herd under consideration.

A study was conducted to evaluate application of digestible or total amino acid formulation of diet for broiler chickens. Diet was formulated using total or digestible amino acid as requirement or feed ingredient as suggested by Aryan broiler chick recommitted on 0-21 and 22-42 days. This experiment was in order to using 400 broilers chicks.The experiment was carried out using a complete randomize design as a factorial arrangement (2×2) with 5 replicated (20 chicks per each replication).result showed that digestible amino acid contents of feed stuffs compare to true digestible amino acid performance of birds as feed intake body weight and FCR (p<0/05). However performance data obtained of broiler chicks demonstrate the advantage of feed formulation based on digestible amino acid in feed ingredients compare to digestible amino acid requirement of birds.The results obtained in the present study suggest that diet formulation based on digestible amino acid ingredients and total amino acid requirement of bird.

This study was conducted to indicate the effects of metabolizable energy (AMEn and TMEn) and total or digestibility amino acid ration on broilers performance (Arian strain). 480 broiler chickens were used in factorial experiment 2 × 2 with two factor energy (AMEn and TMEn) and two total and digestible amino acid in a completely randomized design with four treatment and 6 replicate and (20 chickens per each replicate). The results of experiment showed that the body weight gain، breast weight، carcass weight، feed intake and feed conversion were significantly affected by expression metabolizable energy and total and digestible amino acids content of ration (P<0. 05). Other way TMEn and amino acid digestible cause to increased body weight gain، breast weight، carcass weight and feed intake، and decreased feed conversion in broiler chances. Formulating of diet on the based of metabolizable energy and amino acids digestibility did not have any significant effect on abdominal fat (p>0. 05). The results of this study showed that formulating ration according to true metabolizable energy nitrogen correction (TMEn) and amino acid digestible were improving broiler performance.

The effect of various levels of Whole cottonseed (WCS) on performance and small intestinal morphology was carried out by using 20 Zandi male lambs in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0، 4، 8 and 16 percent WCS) for 90 days period. The diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. The average daily weight gain of lambs were not affected by dietary WCS levels، significantly، but، different levels of WCS in diets decreased feed conversion ratio (P<0. 05). Diet containing 8 percent WCS، increased significantly (P<0. 01) the frequency of leaf shape villi compared to control (16. 8 vs. 14%). The effect of sampling location of small intestine was significant on frequency of villi، so that by moving toward the end of intestine، the frequency of tongue shape and convoluted villi decreased، whereas the finger shape villi increased. Villi height and crypt depth increased linearly by increasing the WCS inclusion rate to diet، significantly (P<0. 05). The villi in duodenum were higher than the villi of other segment of small intestine (p<0. 05). The results of this experiment showed that the fattening male lamb can be fed with diets containing 16 percent of WCS and the increasing the inclusion rate of WCS to diets increase the height of villi and villi height: crypt depth ratio، Thus، improve nutrients absorption.

In this experiment، 560 day old male broilers (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design were used to study the effect of two fiber sources (processed fiber and corn hull) at inclusion levels of 3، 4، and 5 g/kg of diet on the performance and intestinal morphology. In all three sections of small intestine the maximum number goblet cells، villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth and minimum crypt depth were observed in processed fiber groups especially at 5 g/kg of processed fiber. Growth rate and feed efficiency were improved when diets contained 5 g/kg of processed fiber (P<0. 01). It was shown that there were an increasing linear regression between levels of processed fiber inclusion in the diet and goblet cell numbers، villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth in all intestinal sections and body weight gain. A similar but decreasing linear regression was observed for feed efficiency. There was an increasing linear response between corn hull levels and crypt depth، feed efficiency and feed intake. A decreasing linear response was evidenced for villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth. In conclusion، the processed fiber behaves in a different manner from conventional fiber in terms of small intestinal morphology and performances. The superior performance of processed fiber fed birds could be attributed to healthier small intestine، especially at supplementation level of 5 g/kg.

In order to study the effects of inclusion of dried tomato pomace (DTP) in broilers diets، this experiment was executed. Experiment was conducted with 5 treatments and 6 replicates With 5 bird per each replicate in a completely randomized design with over all 150 male Lohmann day old broilers in a total period of 56 days including 21 days for starter، 21 days for grower and 14 days for finisher periods. Treatments were control (no DTP)، 5، 10، 15 and 20 % of DTP. Three birds of each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered. Small intestine samples of selected birds were collected in duodenum، jejunum and ileum and were studied on length and width of villi، width of muscular، mucosal and sub mucosal layers. Analysis of morphological data showed that length of villi and width of mucosal and sub mucosal layers in duodenum was significantly (P≤0. 01) decreased، but width of villi in ileum increased (P≤0. 05) with DTP increasing. According to the results of this study، it may conclude that the use of DTP levels up to 10% (crude fiber more than 6% in diet) has a negative effect on intestine morphological characteristics and this may lead to a decrease in nutrients uptake of the birds and their poor performance.

Selection indices to improve growth traits and carcass composition for Lori-Bakhtiari sheep calculated. The selection goal comprised carcass lean weight (CMW) and carcass fat weight (TFTW) at six months of age and selection criteria were included live weight (BW6M)، estimated fat-tail weight (EFTW) and ultrasonic soft tissue depth (UGR) at six months of age. The expected annul responses to selection on different indices were culculated with relative economic values of 4. 61 and -0. 92 for carcass lean weight and carcass fat weight، respectively. The expected annul responses to selection on base different indices with different proportional ram (2، 4، 6، 8 and 10 percent) were calculated. Average ratios of selection intensity to generation interval، for the two sexes، were 0. 52، 0. 48، 0. 45 0. 43 and 0. 41، respectively. The highest expected response to selection annually were observed for increase lean weight and decrease fat weight with full selection index comprised BW6M، EFTW and UGR traits. The expected annul responses to selection ranged from 320 to 252 g CMW and from -118 to -93 g TFTW with selection index comprised BW6M، EFTW، and UGR traits for proportional ram 0. 02 to 0. 10. Economic response of full selection index and selection index included BW6M and EFTW traits were similar and higher than other indices. The efficiency expected response than direct selection for CMW and TFTW was 0. 82 with full selection index. The genetic gain annually of CMW decreased with increasing proportional ram and in difference selection goal and index. The lean weight than to fat weight decreased higher annually in full selection index.