مجله مطالعات ادبیات کودک
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 4، پاییز و زمستان 1390)

Iranian lallayi part of folk songs and ancient Iranian and lasting roots in the distant past is. Warbler on our first lallayi unknown. But simply language and applied them being among people of different courses one of the secrets of staying in this beautiful verses. lallayi addition to the Melody of sedation for sleep child have their way of expressing pain and suffering of mothers also has. and this link between women's literature and children's literature established has. sympathetic child's mother and his knowledge of his told he has spoken with. these words audible, although simple, are expressed in but its structure that this article from the perspective of sociological study is narrative. research We first expressed in poetry s lallayi and then explain quiddity And at the end of its narrative structure and narrative structure to review the lallayi discussed -'ve. in Iranian lallayi as it is in the text, like a story narrative structure with sections such as time, place, narrator, returning to the past, to the peak of action, or node Fkny crisis and relief and. .. be seen.

Fiction is a popular genre due to its various characters, settings, plots and subjects. One of the controversial subjects in this genre is the approach of authors to children and adolescent’s environment in recent decades and its effect on the fiction. In this research the content of 411 children and adolescent’s stories, written by 20 eminent writers of the area and first published in the 70's, have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, in order to examine the urban settings and its features and the degree to which the writers are influenced by the reality of Iranian society. The results of this study have proved that the city, as the principle environment of 200 stories and one of the described settings of 31 stories, and with 56 percent overall, is the first environment in the children and adolescent’s environment of the 1370's. In the formation of the urban settings, three elements are influential: first the writer's tendency to create realistic stories, second their tendency to describe the lives of the lower social class, and finally the difference between the time of writing and the time the stories took place.

Hance Robert Yas believes that the relationship between child literatures to the reader is a statistic and rhetorical application so that completely divides from historical and social context. In art as whole and child literature specifically weight and stress must conduct over formalistic and statistic ingredient of the literary works because the child literature must evaluate and calculates regarding to the manner and style of communication factor. In the field of child literature the “Baran” poem is one of well organized and triumphant poem so that more than forty years established and settled in the elementary book with supremacy and authority. What is the triumph’s secrecy of the poem of “Baran”? Without doubt it is obvious that no literary work can stay on power just based on historical context and its content because with passing the historical background the work will be ineffectual. According to the “baran” it is feasible that components like objective language, coalition ability, episodic structure, rich orchestration, creative ending and … take the success of the poem so that would be discussed in this paper.

Regeneration and simplification of ancient literary texts to make them understandable to different age groups including adolescents is very important. Adolescents need to be familiar with their culture, customs, national figures and their pas literary assets. One of these ancient and valuable literary texts is the story collection of Kelil VA demneh. The book is full of moral and social teachings which show the readers how to live. This study, first, focuses on the importance of its moral and social inspiration and then it is compared to its regenerated and simplified version to examine whether the elements and principles in terms of story (plot, character and characterization, theme, point of view and atmosphere) are kept as they are in the original one. The findings indicate that the simplified version seems to enjoy more integrity to the original one. The findings also show that although the themes in both versions seem to be alike, the way they are presented to the readers are different.

Children’s literary works are created with different goals. Preparation for development of individual and social aspects of children and development of mental abilities and development of their artistic talent are the objectives of children literature that producers of these works use various tips to achieve the above objectives and have more impact on the audience. Using song format and selecting narrative structure in songwriting for children is one of the production methods of literature works. This paper studied narrative elements in Mostafa Rahmandoost’s songs and described and explained their narrative characteristics and analyzed story elements that form Rahmandoost’s narratives in songs by considering the characteristics of minimalist stories; Elements such as: plot, narrative focus, characterization, scenery, tone, style and language. This research can show aesthetic aspects of children narrative songs and explain special features of childish narrative. Research method is descriptive- analytic and the method of data collection is library and in this research ten songs by Rahmandoost are analyzed. This research shows that Rahmandoost achieved coherent narrative structure by using classical plot, active and individual hero, narrative focus that is limited omniscient (I), slang and spoken language, outward-oriented tone and also by using minimalist methods in characterization and scenery.

Alienation is one of the major issues in modern world which many philosophers have concentrated on. In this study, this issue is discussed in children's and young adult's fiction. First, the alienation components are determined and then they are followed in children's and young adult's fiction. For data collection the documentary method and for data analysis, deductive and inductive content analysis suggested by may ring (2000) have been used. Analyzing six text shows that the frequency of alienation components are more in young adult's fiction than the children's fiction. The alienation trends found in these works are: 1) moving from individualism to an extreme socialism and 2) moving from socialism to an extreme individualism. Both trends are seen in young adult's fictions while in children's fictions just the first one is seen.

The present article intends to deal with the differences between children and adult literature from translation methods perspective and then study the translation procedures applied for translating the characters proper names in children literature. Some excerpts of Persian translations of “Fairy Tales” by Hans Christian Andersen as an example of univalent children literature and some excerpts of Persian translated long stories as “David Copperfield” by Charles Dickens as well as “Alice Adventures in the Wonderland” by Lewis Carroll as examples of ambivalent children literature have been selected to be studied and compared with the widely applied translation procedures used for adult literature. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that children literature is much more frequently adapted through translation while such a translation method is not favorable in adult literature. In other words, children literature is more frequently domesticated through translation compared with adult literature. In addition, ten different translation procedures can be applied for the characters proper names in children literature, including: reproduction, reproduction plus additional explanation, replacement of personal names by a common name, phonetic or morphological adaptation to the target language, replacement by a target language counterpart in the target language, replacement by a more widely know name from the source language or internationally known name with the same function, substitution, translation, replacement by a name with another or additional connotation, deletion. These translation procedures play a great role in preserving the function of the source text proper names.