فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی
پیاپی 18 (تابستان 1390)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationshipbetween the level of sensation seeking and coping strategies as well as vulnerabilityto stress among addicts who are under MMT treatment and normal group. This research was a causal comparative study. The population of the study was all addicts of Baharestan city of Esfahan province who were referred to addiction treatment clinics. The sample was selected by clustering random sampling. (62addictes and 52 normal participants) The MANOVA results showed a significant difference among the three variables of sensation seeking, vulnerability to stress and mindful problem solving coping strategy within the two groups. Multiple regression results also showed meaningful differences between level of sensation seeking and the kind of used drug and also between support seeking coping strategy and mindful problem solving. The sensation seeking level and the amount of stress vulnerability may be significant predictors of the kind of coping strategy and kind of substance in substance abusers. It can be used in predictive and therapical interventions to apply them in practical sectors better.

Cannabinoid consumption including hashish and WIN55212-2 during pregnancy has destructive affect on the development of fetus and the performance of CNS. WIN treated group received daily 0.5 or 1mg/kg WIN suspended in 1% tween 80 saline (s.c.) at a volume of 1 ml/kg from days 5 to 20 of pregnancy. Third, fifth and seventh weeks after birth, the effects of maternal WIN consumption on infants body weight, mortality, histological changes, motor performance and memory function were assessed. Prenatal WIN consumption associated with atrophy of cerebellum cortex in granular and Purkinje cells layers. WIN treatment of pregnant rats produced a significant decrease in the rearing frequency of the offspring, but significantly increased the grooming frequency at 22, 36 and 50 days of age. During the acquisition trials, approach latencies were not significantly different between all groups of rats (50 days old).When the trial was repeated 24 hours and seven days later (retention trial), the avoidance latencies of the WIN-exposed group were significantly shorter than those of control and sham animals. The mortality percent was increased significantly and litter size was decreased significantly in WIN (1mg/kg) treated rats compared to the control, sham and WIN (0/5 mg/kg) treatment groups. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to WIN, cannabinoid agonist, induces possibly a long-term alteration on histological, motor performance and learning and memory parameters.

Main purpose of the present research is the study of relationshipbetween anger, self efficiency, coping styles, tendency to narcotic drug in a group ofclients dependent to narcotic drugs. 180 men referred to Tehran City Aftab clinic who were diagnosed to be addicted on the basis of diagnostic criteria of DSMIV-TR and completed detoxification stage were selected by random sampling in accordance with an descriptive design. The clients were assessed with tests of self efficiency, coping styles, second form of state-trait anger expression scales and, Iranian scale of readiness for addiction. The results were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient test and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that there was a positive significant correlation between anger and tendency to narcotic drug, also there was significant correlation between emotional coping style and tendency to narcotic drug. Negative and significant correlation was found between self efficiency and tendency to narcotic drug. The results of stepwise regression analysis was showed self efficiency has been most effective predictor on tendency to narcotic drug. it seems that variabls such as self efficiency, anger and emotional coping style are most important predictors in tendency to narcotic drug use that should be special considered in next research and therapeutic intervention.

The aim of this study was the comparison of family functioning andquality of life and their relationships among addicted and non-addicted persons. The research method of study was ex-post factor. The sample of study was107 addicts and 107 non-addicts. Sampling of addicts was clustering randomsampling. Non-addicts were matched in terms of demographical characteristics andwere selected of normal population. Measuring instruments were family assessmentdevice and quality of life scale (SF-36). Statistical methods were Pearson correlationcoefficient, stepwise regression analysis and independent samples t test. The results showed that the dysfunction in family function among addicts was morethan non-addicts counterparts. Addicts have had lower quality of life than nonaddicts.Also, there was significant relationship between dimensions of familyfunctioning and quality of life among addicts and non-addicts. The results ofregression analysis showed that almost 17 percent of quality of life variance amongaddicts could be explained by dimensions of family functioning namely: roles andcommunication. Among non-addicts about 17 percent of quality of life variancecould be explained by behavior control dimension of family functioning. The study may have useful practical implications for executors ofaddiction prevention also addiction therapists.

This study investigated the role of thought suppression, metacognitivefactors, and negative emotions in predicting of substance dependencydisorder. Subjects were 70 patients with substance dependence disorderand 70 normal individuals (total 140). Substance dependants were selected ofoutpatient treatment centers and the normal sample was selected of the generalpopulation too. Sampling methods in both samples were convenience sampling. Allpeople were assessed by MCQ-30, White Bear Suppression Inventory, and Beck’sAnxiety and Depression Questionnaires. For data analysis, discriminant analysiswere used. Negative meta-cognitive beliefs about worry, depression, andthought suppression were the most significant predictors of substance dependencedisorder. Through meta-cognitive beliefs, thought suppression andnegative emotion (especially depression), substance dependency disorder can bepredicted. Based on this model can be used to take a substance dependency disorderprevention approach and psychotherapy approach (based on cognitive and metacognitivetherapies). In addition, the findings of this research can be applied in clinical and counseling environments to help substance dependant clients.

Sexual dysfunction is one of the prevalent problems of opiatedependent patients. The current preliminarily study examines sexual dysfunction in agroup of opiate-dependent patients before and after 6 months of MMT. The current study is a cross-sectional study. The numbers of 30 opiate-dependentpatients were selected of Cheraghiyan clinic in Damghan, Iran. Demographicsquestionnaire and the International Index of Erectile Function were administeredbefore and after treatment. Erectile function showed an increase and intercourse satisfactions completely improved. Sexual desire and overall satisfaction increased, showing slight improvement while orgasmic function increased showing no improvement. The findings revealed the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and improvement of some component in patients after treatment. Future studies are needed to explore the roles of other factors.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence oftobacco, hubble-bubble, alcoholic drinks, and other drugs among Karaj high-schoolstudents in 2011. The research method was a descriptive-sectional study.Participants of this study were 447 girl and boy high-school students of Karaj thatwere selected by clustering random sampling. For data gathering, drug abusequestionnaire, and risk and protective factors inventory were administered amongselected sample. According to the results, 57% of students in this studysaid that they have had experiences with a kind of drug including tobacco, hubblebubble,alcoholic drinks, and other drugs at least once in their lives. The studyshowed the prevalence for soft drugs: hubble-bubble, tobacco, and alcoholic drinks,and for hard drugs ecstasy, opium, hashish, meth, crack, and heroin respectively. Soft drugs including hubble-bubble, tobacco, and alcoholic drinks, arethe most common among Karaj high-school students. The prevalence of hard drugsamong them is rather low.