فهرست مطالب

Future of Medical Education Journal - Volume:1 Issue: 1, Dec 2011

Future of Medical Education Journal
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Dec 2011

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1390/12/15
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
|
  • Reza Afshari Page 2
    We previously showed that Medical Toxicology (MT) educational opportunities were very limited in Asia Pacific Region in 2008 (1). As a result, developing MT courses as an integrated part of the medical core curriculum across the continent was recommended. Modeling and marketing of existing MSc and PhD programs were also suggested (1). The current study is being designed to re-evaluate the status after 3 years. A predesigned questionnaire was sent out to the participants of the 10th Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology (APAMT). A roundtable discussion was also held during the meeting on 14th Nov. 2011 to finalize the findings. The results are summarized in Table 1. As can be seen, MT courses are available to health, medical, nursing and pharmacy students in 2011. These courses should further integrate to the core curricula across the region to maximize the care provided to poisoned patients. Provision of Distance Learning Program (DLP) can also be effective for capacity development. MSc and PhD degrees by course and research or research alone are other available options. Some of the projects in terms of the management and study of natural toxins, organophosphate poisoning and drug abuse are unique in Asia Pacific Designing centralized accreditation process to evaluate existing training projects or poison centers via APAMT is suggested. Multicentre projects should be stressed. Wikitox is likewise available. Based on the previous experience of the panel, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS), Commonwealth commission and Islamic Development Bank wwwwwwww were suggested as potential sources for PhD multicentre grants. An education task force will be formed by Chen-Chang Yang, Reza Afshari and Rahmat Awang with the co-operation of all other scientists affiliated with APAMT. The kind co-operation of the following scientists is acknowledged for providing information and volunteering to give further information for those who are interested in participating in these courses. Tackling missing data and addresses has probably contributed to increased information from 2008 to 2011. Australia (Andrew Dawson [email protected]), Bangladesh (Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury mastershakil @hotmail.com), India (Ashish Bhalla bhalla.chd @gmail.com), Iran (Reza Afshari ([email protected]), Malaysia (Rahmat Awang [email protected] & Sulastri Samsudin [email protected]), New Zealand (Wayne temple [email protected]), Hong Kong (Thomas Chan [email protected]), Philippines (Kenneth Hartigan-Go [email protected], Carissa Dioquino carissadio@ yahoo.com & Lynn Panganiban lcrpanganiban @uppoisoncenter. org), Sri Lanka (Indika Gawarammana), South Korea (Jinwoo Jeong [email protected]), Singapore (P. Gopalakrishnakone [email protected]), Taiwan (Chen-Chang Yang [email protected]), Thailand (Wiani Wananukul [email protected] & Summon Chomchai siscd@ mahidol.ac.th), Vietnam (Pham Due, phamduehanoi @gmail. com).
  • Mitra Amini, Shokoufeh Jafari, Leila Bazr Afkan, Zahra Karimian, Farhad Lotfi Page 3
    Background
    Team-based learning is a recent education strategy which is taken in to consideration by medical education associations. In populated centers and high educational levels, this method lets a teacher manage the class in the form of small groups. Different studies have classified the advantages of this method as increasing the involvement of students in class, becoming able to communicate with classmates, increasing the students’ scores, and needing less instructors. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of team-based learning on study skills course of Nutrition students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
    Methods
    The sample of the study was 36 first year nutrition students. In the preparation stage, students studied the assigned lessons before the class, in the second stage first individually and then in groups filled in the questionnaire about the discussed issues in the class. The third stage which included presenting short topics by the team leader and having group discussions only was performed in some sessions. Finally the satisfaction evaluation form which validity and reliability was confirmed was distributed among the students.
    Results
    In both groups of the study a meaningful difference was observed in answering the questions individually and in groups and the average of score of the students after the group work was higher (P<0.05). The students were more pleased using this method.
    Conclusions
    It seems that team-based learning methodology can be used as a more effective method for approaching the student-based educational goals among medical science students. Keywords: team-based learning, Medical science student.
  • Mahnaz Amini, Ahmad Khosravi Khorashad, Hamid Reza Sima, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Zahra Movaffagh Page 8
    Background
    Patient-physician communication skill is one of the basic competencies needed for health care professionals and so is a basic part of medical core curriculum. Communication skills have been increasingly paid attention in medical education. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of teaching patient-physician communication skills on the competency of undergraduate medical students.
    Methods
    A field trial on 68 undergraduate medical students with random allocation to case and control groups was carried out. Teaching communications skills were performed through role modeling in the control group. The same method along with workshops on communication skills were performed for the case group. Two sessions of communication skills’ workshop performed one month apart the Competency of all 68 students was examined by observation of their interview with simulated patients (SPs) through an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the end of the 3rd month. Three stations examined communication skills using Calgary-Cambridge guide, modified ALOS global and patient physician relationship questionnaires distributed by ABMS and assessed the examinees through observation by professionals. Each station was ranked from 0 to 10. Data were analyzed by SPSS-11.5 software.
    Results
    Students in case group obtained higher scores in communication skills but the difference was not statistically significant. However active listening(p=0.01) and patient-physicians communication skills (p=0.009)mean scores were significantly higher in Control group.
    Conclusion
    It is likely that social interaction treats of internal validity has occurred. Diffusion of training material and Compensatory rivalry could have probably happened. Keywords: Communication Skills; Patient Physical Communication; Undergraduate Medical Students.
  • Maryam Hashemian, Hoda Azizi, Arash Akaberi Page 12
    Background
    Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Improving knowledge and practice level regarding breast cancer screening will reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer. This study assessed female staff knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about breast cancer screening to determine educational preference.
    Methods
    This descriptive- analytical study was conducted in Vaseie hospital of Sabzevar, among female staff who were twenty years old or older. A sample size of 82 from a population of 115 produced a 95% confidence interval. Data was collected with a questionnaire, and were analyzed by spearman’s correlation coefficient and one way ANOVA.
    Results
    The mean knowledge score was 42.68±19. A very positive attitude to BSE was seen in 77.5%, to physical exam in 83.8%, and to mammography in 63.8% of the people.62.2% of the people had already done BSE,11% had done physical exam and 2,4% had done mammography. There was no correlation between knowledge score and age (P=0.057), breastfeeding duration (P=0.910) and education (P=0.134). The attitude of single females was better than married ones. The people with positive family history had better practice (P=0.019).
    Conclusions
    Female staff had average knowledge, positive attitude, and poor performance toward breast cancer screening especially about mammography. According to this study, there was no correlation between KAP score and breast cancer risk factors except positive family history.
  • Fatemeh Haji Hosseini, Seyed Hamid Sharifnia, Roghieh Nazari, Rozita Rezaee, Sousan Saatsaz, Parastou Oajian Page 16
    Background
    Learning clinical skills is one of the major parts of nursing education. The purpose of this study was nursing students’ evaluation of themselves of clinical skills before starting the training in field.
    Method
    This cross-sectional study was done on 107 nursing students of Babol University of Medical Sciences which were getting trained in the 7th term. The students evaluated their skills using likert scale (No skills=1, full skilled=5). Data analysis was done by SPSS 16, descriptive statistics, Mann- Whitney tests, Pearson, and T-test.
    Result
    The nursing students reported their perfect skills in infection transmission prevention, checking vital signs, and drug therapy with the mean score of 4.81, 4.74, 4.63 respectively and their least skill was in body care, providing needs of waste, oxygen supply which mean score was 1.68, 3.50, and 3.55 respectively. There was not a meaningful relationship between gender and average score of self-evaluation of nursing student except oxygen therapy (p=0.008) and body care (p=0.01).
    Conclusion
    The results of this study represents the strong and weak points of clinical skills of nursing students. They are more skillful in the prevention of infection transmission, checking vital signs and drug therapy than other clinical skills and are less skilled in body care, providing needs of waste, and oxygen supply.
  • Nazila Zarghi, Maryam Akbari Lakeh, Farzaneh Lookian, Aslan Baradaran, Zahar Baghestani, Mohammad Reza Jomezadeh, Seyed Reza Mousavi Page 21
    Background
    Problem-based learning (PBL) has been defined as the learning that results from the process of working toward the understanding or resolution of a problem. We decided to solve the enigma of PBL in our university via this strategy.
    Methods
    In this case, 8 PBL tutorials were held for 30 observers in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). The “PROBLEM” should be solved was “PBL”. A handout was prepared for observers by a tutor as a big picture of each session and all faculty members received it two times. The tutorial group, especially the tutor had to involve in observers’ questions and comments during and also after the sessions. After 8 sessions, faculty members were asked to complete the valid and reliable questionnaire (r=0.74) electronically, including criteria by which the impact of this course on faculty members and students could be observed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data.
    Results
    Thirty observers participated in this study. Around 71% have learnt the essentials of this method. More than 76% reported the feasibility of this course. 86% of the participants trusted in their ability to their own development. For more than 90% course material was attractive. Around 90% of participants reported their interest in passing the complementary courses. 57.14 % strongly expected themselves to do PBL well. Just 14.28% participated in this course because of certification.
    Conclusions
    It seems that both participants and observers were encouraged to participate in tutorials. Therefore, planning for working based on PBL approach will be necessary.
  • Maliheh Sadeghnejad, Gholamreza Habibi, Rahim Habibi Page 26
    Background
    Students'' active participation in teaching-learning process is one of the basic issues in education. New teaching methods in nursing education have not been adequately investigated in Iran. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, apply, interests and views of nursing students and teachers regarding new active learning methods.
    Methods
    This descriptive study has been performed in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). The questionnaire was designed by researcher, then its content validity and reliability were approved by experts (α =0.86). 202 nursing students and 19 teachers completed the questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16.
    Results
    Among nursing students, the lowest level of knowledge about teaching methods was observed to be the problem-based learning(PBL,76.2%), and the highest was speech (57.9%) while teachers showed the minimal in conceptual map (31.6%), and the maximal in group discussion (94.7 %). In the nursing students'' idea, conceptual map and problem-based learning were used least (66.3%)while speech used mostly(75.7%). Teachers stated the minimal application rate of teaching methods for conceptual map (57.9%) and the maximal for discussion group (94.7%). Both students and teachers showed the least interest in the conceptual map (40.1% and 21.1% respectively) and the highest for group discussion (63.4% and 89.5% respectively). Nursing students selected the group discussion as their first priority of educational method (23.8%) while teachers put their top priority on the simulation method (21.1%).
    Conclusions
    Since problem based learning was least acknowledged by MUMS nursing students, and regarding the least rate of usage for PBL and the conceptual map in MUMS, more attempts seems necessary to be made in learning these two methods besides other new methods of nursing education by nursing teachers of MUMS.
  • Jebraeel Movaffagh, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Yousef Setayesh, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh Page 33
    Background
    Sunscreen usage is a widely accepted method of primary prevention against deleterious effects of UV radiation. Also it has been known that moisturizers are useful for skin health care. Pharmacists are pivotal to advise sunscreens and moisturizers to consumers. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and behavior of pharmacists in regard to the application of these products in Mashad, Iran.
    Methods
    From May to July 2008, 76 pharmacists completed surveys by filling the questionnaire. In this descriptive study, 25 questions addressed to determine the demographic characteristics plus the knowledge of the pharmacists towards sunscreen and moisturizer application and their formulations. The factors influencing the knowledge were also evaluated.
    Results
    From the overall respondents women used sunscreens and moisturizers more often than men. The respondents generally performed very poorly on the knowledge test. Sex was not significantly associated with the knowledge. In almost all age groups the results showed that higher knowledge scores were associated with younger age. The results also indicated that the highest knowledge scores are in 6-10 year work history. The mean score of the knowledge in ingredients of the formulations received 8.38±6.49 out of 100 points. This study showed that higher knowledge scores in formulations were associated with having more knowledge.
    Conclusions
    A significant proportion of pharmacists do not have adequate knowledge concerning the sunscreens and moisturizers. These results indicate that more education in the case of cosmetics and toiletries field is necessary for pharmacists, specially the older ones.
  • Farideh Gharekhanlou, Mahmoud Jabari Page 38
    Background
    Ultrasound is an effective method in the evaluation of free fluid in the emergency and trauma. The aim of this study was training residents of surgery in FAST and EFAST sonography for improving their skill and knowledge in emergency of trauma.
    Methods
    This research was a cross sectional descriptive study. Sample volume was the residents of surgery of Hamadan university of Medical Sciences. Educational course lasted about 2 weeks and theorical and practical program course was performed via short movies and also portable ultrasound equipment. Final exam was via DOPS method. The effectiveness of educational program with questionnaires was evaluated. After data collection statistical analysis was performed with SPSS soft ware.
    Results
    Most of the residents 11(61%) believed that practical education with Portable sonography was the most effective method of training. Most of the residents (70%) agreed that educational proposal was effective and valuable in traumatic triage. There wasn’t a significant relationship between sex and educational level and attitude of the residents about the effectiveness of educational purpose (P> 0.05).
    Conclusions
    According to the result of the analysis of questionnares and satisfaction of residents with this educational course, the training of residents for FAST and EFAST sonography is an important method for improving triage in trauma.