فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 28 (زمستان 1390)

Mate selection process is an important and difficult issue for many in different societies. Selection of appropriate person to marry is one of the most stressful decisions in life. People ambitiously try to find the appropriate person to marry and understand if they are having the right choice or not before marriage.Unfortunately, the basics of the people who are trying to choose the approp-riate individual come from unrealistic beliefs or expectations.Cobb, Larson and Watson (2003) developed the scale for attitudes about romance and mate selection which evaluates 7 irrational beliefs including Cohabitation, One and Only, Love Is Enough, Ease of Effort, Idealization, Opposites, complement, and Complete assurance. This Research examined validity and reliability of the Persian version of this scale. Extracted beliefs based on factor analysis were: Believe love, Pivotal experience, Idealization, Opposite seeking, Easy getting and Optimistic view. Factor analysis could show the underlying structure of the questionnaire and explained a sign-ificant amount of variance that pro-vides evidence for the validity. Reli-ability of the questionnaire is reported based on Cornbach's alpha, and high levels of variances explained.

Women’s occupation affects family relations such as relations with spouse, children, as well as marital satisfact-ion. As a result their equal social levels will directly affect their marital relations.The main objective of this research is the assessment of the relation between a couple’s occupational level and their marital satisfaction level. Using qu-alitative and quantitative methods 60 subjects were selected randomly, and 15 were assigned in the qualitative group and 45 in quantitative group.A structured interview was used for qualitative section and Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire for quantit-ative section. It was indicated that the qualitative group with equal occup-ational values consider occupation as an activity for achieving financial independence. Men with higher level jobs prioritize socialization, hobbies, feeling useful and avoidance of mental isolation after financial independence. However, women with higher level occupations prioritize welfare support, socialization and spiritual improve-ments after financial independence. When a couples’ occupational level is equal, advantages of an employed wife are higher than her housewife peers and her restrictions limited. However, it increases when the couple’s jobs are at two different levels. This limitation will only increase when the wife’s occupational level is higher than of her husband.In the quantitative section of the research, results indicate that the av-erage rate of general marital satisfac-tion for couples with equal occupatio-nal values (182) is more than couples with unequal occupational values (117.54, 154.47).

Anomic Sexual Relationships, pre marital sex, in Iran is in rise and dominant policy is to ignore it. This study has focused on the discovery of major social factors in development of these relations. This study is a qual-itative research. 34 males were interv-iewed who reported such relation-ships. Results shown that issues like need, curiosity and experience, social networks and friendship groups, un-employment and economic conditions, cultural pressure, increasing age of marriage, rise of modern communication technologies, and emerging new cult-ural values in the society, have been the most important factors in the development of these relationships. Underlying mechanisms for these rel-ationships, is Complex and multistage. The needs drive the person to satisfy them. He initiates within legitimate and cultural bounds to satisfy those needs. If the legitimate and cultural ways of satisfaction fails, then anomie might be a choice at this stage. The person seeks new ways of reaching to satisfaction. These new cultural ways, provide the groundwork for the for-mation of pre marital sexual relation-ships.

This study examined the role of perceived parent goal emphasis and family communication patterns on stu-dent's goal orientations. Participants were 300 high school students (160 girls, 140 boys) from Shiraz high sch-ools. They completed Friedel Percei-ved Parent Goal Emphasis Scale (2007), Koerner and Fitzpatrick Fam-ily Communication Patterns Questio-nnaire (2002) and Elliot & McGregor Goal orientation Questionnaire (2002). Stepwise Multiple Regression was used for analysis of data. Results indicated: a) conversation orientation, perceived parent mastery goal emph-asis and perceived parent Performance goal emphasis were positively correl-ated and significant predictors of stu-dent's mastery goal orientation. b) Perceived parent Performance goal emphasis and conversation orientation were significantly predicting student's approach performance goal orienta-tion. c) Perceived parent Performance goal emphasis and conformity orienta-tion significantly predicted student's avoidance performance goal orienta-tion.

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationship bet-ween mothers’ and their daughters’ perfectionism. A sample of 202 stude-nts from Tehran schools were selected through cluster sampling and they co-mpleted Frost multi perfectionism scale (FMPS) along with their mothe-rs. Adding up different subscales of FMPS makes it possible to examine positive and negative perfectionism. Data were analyzed through correlati-on and regression analysis.Results showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.01) between mothers perfectionism, dimensions of perfecti-onism (positive and negative), and su-bscales of perfectionism, except for organization with their daughters. Re-sults also showed that perfectionism, its dimensions, and its subscales, ex-cept for organization, can predict sim-ilar issues in daughters significantly (p<0.01).According to the results of this rese-arch, perfectionist characteristics of mothers are reflected in their daught-ers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction in the relationship between dimensi-ons of family/teachers communica-tion patterns and students’ critical thi-king dispositions. In this study 437 (275 females and 162 males) underg-raduate students were selected throgh a multistage random cluster sampling method from Shiraz University. Par-ticipants completed the Revised Fam-ily Communication Patterns Instrume-nt, the Teachers Communication Pa-tterns Instrument, the general form of Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale and the California Critical Thinking Dispo-sitions Instrument (CCTDI). The orig-inally proposed seven factor structure of CCTDI by Facione et al. was tested which yielded a new factor structure with four types of critical thinking dispositions. The results of the path analysis and the model goodness of fit indices supported the meditational effect of satisfaction of basic psych-ological needs. The patterns in which satisfaction of basic psychological needs mediated the relationship bet-ween dimensions of family/teachers communication patterns and each of the critical thinking dispositions were different. In this study, these different patterns and their implications have been discussed.

One of the important problems of divorced woman is the absence of effective legal protection of her ear-nings over marital duration. Although the Iranian legislator provi-de protection in accordance to the principle of Taking Advantage, four conditions of this principle, that is, the order, the doing of action, payable of wage according to custom and usage and are required. Gratuitously, two conditions of this principle, that is, the husband order and lack of action have never been fulfilled in case of many couples and as a consequence the woman is not receiving protection.As such, it is necessary to protect the earnings of divorced wife according to the other principle such as Partnership rule, causality and deception in the Iranian positive law which is more competent to the subject and more effective from the protection point of view.