Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 1, 2012

Use of fossil energy provides greenhouse gases emissions and therefore global warming phenomenon and the incidence of further consequences such as expanding deserts and blasting the dust storms in the middel east, including Iran. Taking advantage of renewable energy is the most appropriate solution to prevent greenhouse gas emissions. Ahvaz region in the southwest of Iran with a population of 1338126 and 3088.2 sunny hours annually is the most talented area for applying the solar system. Ahvaz as a case study and the households of 4 to 5 people were selected as the target community. Economic and environmental analysis has been done by RETscreen software. The decline rate of contaminant emission and its costs was calculated if the project of solar water heaters would be carried out.The results of this study on the basis of Btu/year revealed that about 100% of total thermal charge of consumed hot water of target community and 35% of the total thermal charge of households of Ahwaz can be provided by using the solar water heater.In the scenario of replacement solar water heaters with gas water heaters, 66 million cubic meters of natural gas will be saved and 6.969 million dollars will be added to the national income per annum. In addition, the release of 1388 × 106 tons of co2 as the greenhouse gas is prevented. This study shows that development of the exploiting the renewable energy needs to the supporting of regional governments.

Scorpion stinging is one of the major cause of mortality in the tropical and subtropical countries. Hemiscorpius lepturus, Androctonus crassicauda and Mesobuthus eupeus are most important species that cause a lot of scorpion stings in Iran. In the present research, effects of H. lepturus envenomation on blood and urine in stung persons who referred to the health center of Hendijan sw Iran, were studied. In this study 66 files of whom referred to the health centre of Hendijan, sw Iran, followed by scorpion sting. We evaluated thier blood parameters(CBC, PT and PTT) urine parameters(hematuria and hemoglobinuria) and some epidemiologic parameters. Results of this study showd that the patients were in the age range of 13- 63 years. The highest rate of blood changes in patients was related to PTT with 72.7%. Statically analyze showd a significant difference among normal and abnormal PT and PTT in the scorpion stung patients (P< 0.05). Results of this study revealed that PT and PTT among the stung scorpion patients were more effected by H. lepturus compared to the other hematological parameters. In addition, hematuria was occured in the majority of the patients which is a sign of sever damaging effects of H. lepturu venom on kidney.

Fluoride is one of the most important elements in the composition of teeth and bones. This element can enter the body via different ways. However, drinking water is the most important way to receive fluoride by a lot of people. An Increase in fluoride level in the body causes dental fluorosis and its absence leads to teeth decay. Standard rate of fluoride in drinking water is determined by the ambient air temperature. In general, standard level of fluoride in drinking water in winter, mainly due to less water consumption, is high, and in summer, due to more consumption of water, is not remarkable. In this study, fluoride has been determined in 4 groundwater and surface water resources on 1.5 year period. From each resource every month, 4 samples were obtained and analyzed according to SPANDS method. Results shownd that fluoride concentration in Sanandaj water resources (0.31 mg/l average) was less than the recommended standards. Fluoride concentration did not show significant differences in different water resources of this city (p-value> 0.05). Fluoride levels in Sanandaj drinking water are low. Therefore, according to cold climate of Sanandaj and low Per capita water consumption in winter and low fluoride capture from other sources, fluorination of drinking water or using fluoride mouthwash are recommended to provide the required amount of fluoride for the people of Sanandaj, especially the children.

Storage rainwater in cisterns for drinking has been common in many areas including Iran. According to World Health Organization, water is one of the most important ways for transferring of microbial contamination in human communities, so survey of water bacteriological quality in these cisterns is necessary in order to identify the possible sources of contamination and to suggest some procedures for improvement of the cisterns status. This descriptive study was conducted on cistern waters of rural areas in Agh-ghala and Bandar Torkman counties. A total of 40 cisterns of 8 villages were selected using cluster sampling method. For each sample, the number of coliforms and fecal coliforms, Ph and amount of the residual chlorine were measured according to the standard methods. In order to analyze the data, Excell and SPSS 15.0 soft wares were used and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied. Totally, 73 samples60.9%) were contaminated with coliform and 38 of samples31.6%) contained fecal coliform. There was no significant difference between coliform and fecal coliform p-value=0.086 and 0.212, respectively) in the terms of contamination among the cistern waters fed with tin coverage or iranite coverage roofs. A significant difference was observed between samples of before and after raining and after chlorination the water. The performed tests showd the high degrees of contamination with both coliform and fecal coliform.Therefore, in order to protect the public health, giving the essential information to the people regarding the improvement of the cistern waters and disinfection of water and carrying out the suitable apporaches by regional health authorities are necessary.

Hospital wastes are one of most important environmental problems because of their hazardous, toxic and pathogenic characteristics. The aims of this study were to identify and measure the amount of hospital wastes and classify of them according to WHO criteria in Amirolmomenin(as) hospital and shahid Rajaei policlinic in Ahwaz, sw of Iran. This research was a field-descriptive study. Initially, a questionnaire was designed in the terms of surveying the conditions of collecting, keeping and repelling of the wastes in both medical centres. The questionnaires were completed using direct observation and monitoring at the temporary storage sites of the wates. The wastes were weighted by the health experts of two medical centres using 50 kg balance. In addition, to calculate the density of the waste products, they were discharged in a 0/125m3container. The density of wastes was determinded by dividing the weight by volume. Ressult: Results of the current study showed that the mean of waste product weight was 3/79 kg/bed day in Amirolmomenin(as) hospital.The total weight of waste products including infectious, hazadous and general materials were 59/39, 25/82 and 33/57, respectivelyin shahid Rajaei policlinic, while these measurements were 818.85, 292.94 and 525/89, respectively in Amirolmomenin(as) hospital. The average of specific weight of hospital waste hospital materials were 203/28 kg/m3 and 187/80 kg/m3, respectively in both medical centres. Furthermore, according to WHO classification, both medical centres don’t produce any radioactive wastes and under pressure application containers. According to our findings and with respect to the environmental problems in Ahvaz, it seems that there is a lack of correct management in both medical centres. Therefore, precise implementation programs to separate the waste infectious and general materials from each other is one of the most essential steps in the reducing of environmental and sanitary problems.In addition, it is cost effective from point of hospital waste material management in both remedial institutions.

Nowadays, the concept of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) has attracted managers and researcher’s notice in scientific groups. Emphasizing on these behaviors can be one of the ways that causes effectiveness in organization, that hasn’t been much emphasized on to date. This research aimed to survey the relationship between OCB and its dimensions and staff organizational commitment in Tehran's Hasheminazhad Hospital. This study was a descriptive- analytic, applied research that has been carried out in 2010. The research population comprised all employees in Hasheminezhad Hospital and the sample comprised of 130 employees selected through Randomized- Stratified method. Data was collected using Williams & Anderson model questionnaire and analyzed by using the Spearman test on the SPSS software. The majority of employees in this hospital (%83) evaluated organizational citizenship behavior situation as suitable. Between OCB and organizational commitment there was significant and positive correlation (r=0.32, p-value<0.05). Results showed that among OCB dimensions, civic virtue and sportsmanship had significant and positive correlation with organizational commitment but altruism, conscientiousness dimensions hadn`t significant correlation with organizational commitment. According to the findings, it is concluded that notice to OCB concept and its establishment in organizations can be useful in predicting some organizational concepts like organizational commitment and performance.

Applying water quality indices is one of the monitoring techniques of river water quality. High loads of sampling data, resulted from water quality measurements, are converted to a single point and dimensionless number with a qualitative interpreted concept and definition with using water quality indices. NSF water quality is the most widely applied index which is used. The present project was carried out to determin Gargar river, sw Iran, water quality using NSF as a water quality index. Hence, 10 sampling stations were set up along the river mainstream and water samples were collected from these stations during 6 months (from December 2009 to June 2010), monthly; and 9 parameters including water temperature, turbidity, fecal coliform, NO3, TS, PO4, pH, DO, and BOD were measured. Finally, the results were analysed using NSFWQI. Results of this study indicated that the quality of the river water was categorized in medium and bad classes in all parts of the river. Moreover, the results of NSFWQI showed that "after Chamfaraj" station, which is located at downstream of some aquaculture complexes, with the average index value of 51.5, and the "Bandemizan" station, which islocated at upstream and before entrance of the waste waters from different land uses with the average index value of 57.5 had the worst and the best conditions among the other stations, respectively, during the period of the study. In general, water quality values of the stations varied from 48 to 60. In general, results of the current study indicated that the degree of influence of pollutant sources, especially aquaculture effluents, on water quality of Gargar River is high in the different parts of the river. However, due to self purification property of this river, a relatively acceptable water quality is achieved in the downstream of the river. In conclusion, improvements in the water quality of Gargar river is required an accurate management of different land use's effluents and reducing their pollution loads.

Undoubtedly, attempt to Self-inflicted burning needs special conditions for special individuals. Self-inflicted burn is highly depended on individual and social factors. This study is aimed at evaluating the burning percent, age, economical conditions, educational levels, occupation, and marital status of the Self-inflicted burn females of Taleghani hospital. this is a descriptive- sectional study; a questionnaire prepared by the researcher for a struture interview was given to 100 self –immolated women- selected via incidental sampling procedure - hospitalized in Ahwaz Taleghani hospital in 1387. Then their age, economical conditions, educational levels, occupation, and marital status were analyzed. findings showed that the 14-25 years old females were the most frequency (49%). 22% of Self-inflicted burn females had a burn size of 70%-100%, and 21% had a size of 50%- 70% showing their enthusiasm to attempt to Self-inflicted burn.51% of Self-inflicted burn females stated a weak economical condition. Most of them (31%) were illiterate and the least frequency had diploma and associate degree. Housewives were the most frequency (75%) and the least one (1%) were university students and retired. improving the social welfare of women especially the economical condition, educational level, and occupation in addition to reduce the risk of factors related to the marital status using the psychological strategies can be effective in reducing the phenomenon of Self-inflicted burn of females.