Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 3, 2011

AIDS is an important public health hazard in Iran. Young people are worldwide considered as the major group who are at risk of HIV/AIDS. Education and prevention of health have been remained as the priorities in the health care of AIDS. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitude of regarding HIV/AIDS among health faculty student in Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences. This research was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected through a self- administered questionnaire from 400 students who enrolled in the faculty of health with random classified sampling method. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used for collecting the data. The data were included demographic information and knowledge and attitude questions realated to HIV/AIDS. Data of knowledge and attitude was ranked in to three levels Chi-squared test, correlation and t-test were used as the statestical methods. P<0.05 was considered as the significant level. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The participant were included: 297(74.2%) females and 103(25.8) males.The majority of students, 385(96.2%), were singles. The mean value of age was 22.04± 2.3 years. The mean values of scores of knowledge and attitude were 20.28±0.68 and 66.13±2.78, respectively. The majority of the students, 385(96.2%), had high level of knowledge and 46(11.5%) of them had a medium level of knowledge regarding to HIV/AIDS. A total of 355(88.75%) of the subjects had positive attitudes regarding to theprevention programs of HIV/AIDS. There was no statistically significant correlation between knowledge and any of sciodemographic variables. there was a significant correlation(P<0.05) between the attitudes and the academic grades of students. In this study, it was found that the most students had appropriate level of knowledge and attitude about AIDS prevention programs. Updating the level of knowledge and performing the educathional programs regarding HIV/AIDS among the students are emphasized by the authors of the study.

Hirsutism, as a common endocrine disorder, has a negative impact on the quality of life of women. There are a few (Abstract) studies on the prevalence and related issues in women population. In this descriptive analytic study, 500 female students of Jundishapour Medical Sciences University of Ahvaz of the second semester (2009-2010) were considered.We used a modified Ferrimen-Gallway score to calculate the level and Prevalence of hirsutism. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The level of hirsutism was defined based on the score of hirsutism of the 4 areas in the body. SPSS was used to analyse the data. Frequency table, Chi squared and Logistic Regression tests were used. The overall prevalence of hirsutism was 15.4%. The Prevalence of mild, moderate and sever hirsutism in the studied population were 12.4%,2.8% and0.2%, respectively. There was a significant association between hirsutism and body mass index, menstrual irregularity and family history of the studied population (p<0.004). The results of the present study confirmed a high prevalence of hirsutism in the female students. Further studies with larger population are needed to determine the pattern of a hirsutism among Iranian women, which the score method is designed in the basis of race differences.

Smoking is recognized as the first preventable cause of mortality in the world. The early starting of cigarette smoking is a worrisome behaviour, which is considered as a strong predictor to show that, this behavior will be continued in the higher ages. Fear appeal theories play effective roles to prevent of this unhealthy behavior. The extended parallel process model (EPPM) is a model that is drived from fear appeal theories and applied as a theoretical framework to change the behavior. A total of 244 secondary school male students were participated in this cross sectional study in Shiraz. A multi step cluster sampling method was used in the present study. A questionnaire based on EPPM was used to collect the data. The results of this study showed that 6.9% of the students have had history smoking. In this study, it has been reported that 19.9% of the students have started the cigarette with suggessting of their friends. The score mean of perceived susceptibility regarding the side effects of smoking among the students was low (38.2). The score mean of perceived response efficacy of recommended message to avoid the smoking was moderate (51.8).Score mean of knowledge of the smoker students(57.1) was lower than the nonsmoker students(61.4),while score mean of perceived susceptibility of the nonsmoker students (37.8) was lower than it in the smoker students(45.2) and at high risk students(44.7). In addition, score means of perceived severity, response efficacy, self efficacy and intention of the smoker students (71.8, 43.4, 62.3 and 69.5, respectively) were lower than those in the smoker and at high risk students. Results of this study showed that the rate of perceived susceptibility of undesirable outcome regarding to the smoking was low among the studied population. Therefore, it is recommended that with applying appropriate theories of trained healthy behavior among the students, the susceptibility and response efficacies to avoid of smoking are increased.

Respiratory disorders are common medical problems among workers. Spirometry is the most important and available technique for pulmonary function test. In this research, basic pulmonary function indeces and prevalence of respiratory symptoms were investigated among the workers of a pipe mills. In this analytical case – control study, 70 pipe mills workers that have been exposed to the respiratory pollutants and 50 official staffs of a company were examined by interview, questionnaire and spirometry tests. Spirometry was performed according to the American thoracic society standards. Data was saved and analyzed by T-test in SPSS software. Difference between case and control groups from the viewpoints of age, height, weight and smoking was not significant. Prevalence of dyspnea, chest thightness, repeated cough, sputum and wheezing in the workers that have been exposed to the respiratory pollutants were significantly more than nonexposed workers (P< 0.05). Difference of averages of Forced Vitalcapacity (FVC) and forced expiratiory volume (FEV1) in spirometry between two groups was significant, however, FEV1 / FVC wasn,t significant. 4% of controls and 28.5% of cases had restrictive patterns. The results of this study exlpain no significant difference in the respiratory symptoms and spirometric indeces between pipe mills workers and the control group and the similarity of effectiveness or confounding agent in the two groups. Therefore, it is concluded that the appearing respiratory symptoms and reducing of pulmonary function in the pipe mills workers have been due to the exposuring of them to the respirable pollutants in the workplace.

Conflict is considered as a factor to creat the challenge in the existing status and preparing the conditions of innovation and change. Therefore, one of the important tasks of managers is conflict management in an organization. Objective of this study was to determine the relation between negotiation styles and conflict management strategies among nursing managers in Ahvaz hospitals. This research is a cross- sectional and analytic-descriptive study. Population research was included 70 nursing managers of Naft, Golestan and Razi Hospitals of Ahwaz. Data was gathered using of three questionnaires included: Job specifications, conflict management and negotiation styles. Finally, data was analyzed with SPSS software using chi-squared and correlation pearson tests. Results of this study revealed that in the case of conflict management, 42.9%, 34.3%, 7.1% and 5.7% of used solving oriented, avoiding,controlling and combining strategies, respectively. In this manner, the negotiation styles, which were applied among 30%, 24.3%, 17.1%,15.7% and 12.9% of the nursing managers included actual, analytical, combining, normative and intuitive, respectively. Solving oriented strategy had showd significant a statistical relation with managerial experience. (P=.001).Also actual negotiation style had showd a significant statistical relation with managerial experience (P=.008), however there was not any significant relation between conflict management strategies and negotiation styles. This study showed that the most of nurses used solving problem strategy in the conflict management.It means that they followed solving style to avoid the problem and they have actual style in the negotiation. It is also conclouded that selecting of negotiation style and conflict management strategies depend on the personal characteristic and organizational environment.

Head louse, Pediculus capitis, is an obligatory ectoparasite with a worldwide distribution. Head louse infestation is still common in many countries including Iran. It causes serious health problems in many communities particularly among the school-age children. This is an important infestation, which is related to the societies with low health condition. This descriptive study was conducted on the cases with head lice infestations that attended to the Azna Health Centers and were examined by the trained health staff, during 2007. This study was carried out among the patients with head lice infestation, who referred to the Azna Health Centers, during 2007. Suspected hairs of head, nape of the neck, and around ears were examined for nits and lice, by health staff. Individuals would be considered as affected while seeing any forms of louse. Epidemiologic and demographic information of patients were recorded and collected in the questionnaires. Recorded data in the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software. The infestation of head lice was 95 cases in Azna County in 2007. All infested cases were found among the females. The incidence of pediculosis was greater in the villages (70.5%) than in the urban (29.5%) areas. The prevalence rate of pediculosis among the age groups of <6, 6-10, 11-17 and >17 years old were 10.5%, 62.1%, 24.2% and 3.2%, respectively. Eighteen cases (18.9%) of patients had infestation background to pediculosis and 77 cases (81.1%) were without infestation background. The frequency of nit infestation was 90 cases and with adult and nymph were five cases. Remarkable percentage of patients (78%) complained from head itching. Seventy cases of patients were observed among the people who have used of common tools such as combs and towels. Most of the patients (79%) were without healthy bathroom at home. 75.8% of patients had elementary knowledge. As the data of this study showed, head louse is an important health problem in Azna, especially among the people with low education, who live in the area with poverty, low health and overcrowded conditions. Therefore, a health behavior and knowledge promotion is recommended among the children,especially, of 6-10 age groups and school health practitioners, through education methods regarded to the personal and social health promotion, to reduce the head louse infestation among the people. In addition, further studies are needed to carry out among the students, their parents and school health practitioners with emphasized on the more related factors including the economic levels.

Despite, huge advances in safety science, yet the rate of accidents is unacceptable. Recent decade's experiences show that using safety equipment alone is not enough to improve the present situation. In so doing, promoting safety culture has been considered as a main strategy. This sectional, descriptive - analytical study has been done in 2009 and 2010. Technical and engineering intervention actions were done, after measuring the safety culture level, using a specific questionnaire and its results analysis. After six months to determine the impact of measures taken, the safety culture was measured again. The mean score of people‘s safety culture, by amount of 287± 43.42 was assessed positive. After the interventions implementation, significantly, safety culture score increased from 287± 43.42 to 318± 31.11 (p<0.001). The effects of age, marital status and work experience in promoting safety culture after the intervention was significant (p<0.001). To reduce the frequency of different accidents, it is essential to have plans for improving HSE culture level in the industrial activities.

Settlement the quality improvement teams (QIT) in hospitals is an important step for total quality management (TQM) implantation, and is a component of participatory management mechanism. This may be an appropriate managing method for human resource development, and for hospital efficacy improvement. This is a descriptive-case applied and interventional research. The research population was all employees in Lowlagar Hospital. To conduct the study, researchers organized five improvement quality teams. The employees attended in a training workshop to learn the needed skills, then, they carried out their duties under supporting and supervising of their coworkers and hospital manager to promote their working media processes. Results of this study revealed that the bed occupation rate (BOR) has raised 6.3% during conducting this six month research, compare to similar period in the last year. In this period, the average length of stay (ALS) has decreased 20% and bed Turnover Rate (BTR) has increased 6.8% percent compare to similar period in the last year. Findings of this study proved that the rate of patient satisfaction regarding hospital services have improved during the research period in the following subjects: imaging services, employee behavior, cleaning, food quality cleaning of wards, environment peacefulness of wards, availability of drugs, administrative supervision, social workers performance and quick discharge activities.The rate of hospital employees have also increased regarding job satisfaction in the following subjects: job grade promotion, hospital rules and instruction, personnel cooperation, organizational communication and goal achievement. Lowlagar Hospital efficacy have relatively been increased with applying and settling the QIT and their activities.