Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:14 Issue: 2, 2012

Drug abuse was existed in militaries all of the time and according to many researches it has very negatinve effect military readiness and their epic activity. So in many military systems ordained some protocols to prevent and treatment Drug abuse and addiction in soldiers.

In this original article we surveyed all literatures about substance abuse and addiction in militaries, inside & outside data banks and military psychology’s title books for prevention and control and treatment of addiction and substance abuse in militaries around the world.

results show some ingredients such drug traffic interdiction, hard disciplinary for addiction, periodic urinary analysis, communion of family and friends for prevention and treatment of addiction, disciplinary proportionate to previous act and duty of persons, special attention to personal and social problems, cooperation between military hospitals and rehabilitation centers, using the commanders, idolize the superior personnels; all of them were the common things in these protocols.

Purposed, with survey and using existing protocols; ordinated the special protocol for prevention and treatment of drug abuse in militaries in Islamic Republics of IRAN.

Considering that the new cardiovascular risk factors are important among type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern on inflammation and novel cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients. In this eight-weeks crossover randomized clinical trail, 31 type 2 diabetic patients were on a control diet or the DASH diet. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products are consumed in high amounts in this diet. However, saturated fat, total fat, cholesterol, refined grains, and sweets are recommended in low amounts. DASH diet had a total of 2,400 mg sodium per day. There was a four week washout between two trial phases. C-reactive protein level, coagulation indices and hepatic function tests were measured at baseline and after each phase of trial. The mean percent change for plasma C-reactive protein level was -26.9±3.5% after the DASH diet and -5.1±3.8% after the control diet (p=0.001). Both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly reduced after consuming the DASH diet compared to the control diet (-14.8±3.0 % vs -6.6±3.4%; p=0.001, -29.4±3.7% vs -5.9±1.4%; p=0.001, respectively). The DASH diet reduced the plasma fibrinogen level compared to the control diet (-11.4±3.6% and 0.5±3.4%; p=0.03, respectively). Among diabetic patients, the DASH diet can play an important role in reducing inflammation, plasma levels of fibrinogen and liver aminotranferases. Future long-term studies are recommended.

One of the most specific miRNA of the brain is miR-124 which has been detected in the hippocampal area. This microRNA through suppression of some target genes, cause the stem cell to be changed into the neuron. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of exercise intensity on the expression of miR-124. Eighteenadult male Wistar rats were selected as subjects. The animals randomly divided into 3 groups of control (n=6) and runner (n=6). In low intensity group (n=6) animals daily, were allowed to run on treadmill with an intensity of about 35-40% of maximum oxygen consumption, daily for 30 minutes, of 2 weeks period. In high intensity group (n=6) the subjects were run in the same conditions but with an intensity of about 70-75% maximum oxygen consumption. After 24 hours of the last session of exercise, the animals were killed. Changes in expression analyzed using the quantitave RT-PCR technique. Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant association between the intensities of exercise and elevated expression of miR-124 in the exercise group at significant level of p≤0.05. To sum up, expression of miR-124, in the hippocampus of adult rats, is associated with exercise intensity and running forcefully in comparison with lower intensity, in which leads to robust changes in some mechanisms that involve in exercise- induced neurogenesis.

: To evaluate the association of major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a group of Iranian school aged children. : This cross-sectional study was conducted among 375 school-aged children in Tehran, Iran. Usual dietary intakes were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. DSM-IV questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of ADHD. Major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. The prevalence of ADHD was 9.7% in this population. We identified 4 major dietary patterns: "healthy", "western", "sweet" and "fast foods" dietary patterns. Children in top quintile of "sweet dietary pattern” score had greater odds for having ADHD as compared with those in the lowest quintile (Odds ratio: 3.95; 95% CI: 1.16, 15.31; p=0.03). Greater adherence to "fast food" dietary pattern was significantly associated with higher risk of having ADHD (Odds ratio: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.05, 10.90; p=0.03). No overall significant associations were seen between either healthy or western dietary patterns with ADHD. All these analysis were done in the controlled model for confounders. We found significant independent associations between "sweet" and "fast foods" dietary patterns and prevalence of ADHD. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

There are few reports regarding the effect of long-term soy protein consumption among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of soy consumption for a long period of time on cardiovascular risks, C-reactive protein (CRP) and kidney function indexes among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. This long-term randomized clinical trial was conducted among 41 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (18 men and 23 women). Twenty patients in the soy protein group consumed a diet containing 0.8 g protein/kg body weight (35% animal proteins, 35% textured soy protein, and 30% vegetable proteins) and 21 patients in the control group consumed a similar diet containing 70% animal proteins and 30% vegetable proteins for 4 years. Soy protein consumption significantly improved cardiovascular risks such as fasting plasma glucose (mean change in the soy protein versus control groups: −18 ± 3 vs. 11 ± 2 mg/dl; P = 0.03), total cholesterol (−23 ± 5 vs. 10 ± 3 mg/dl; P = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (−20 ± 5 vs. 6 ± 2 mg/dl; P = 0.01), triglyceride (−24 ± 6 vs. −5 ± 2 mg/dl; P = 0.01) and serum CRP (1.31 ± 0.6 vs. 0.33 ± 0.1 mg/l; P = 0.02) concentrations. Significant reductions were also seen in proteinuria (−0.15 ± 0.03 vs. 0.02 ± 0.01 g/day; P = 0.001) and urinary creatinine (−1.5 ± 0.9 vs. 0.6 ± 0.3 mg/dl, P = 0.01) by consumption of soy protein. Long-term soy protein consumption has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors and kidney-related biomarkers among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Study on weaknesses and diagnostic strategies of autistic children in social interactions as well as how we can diagnose different emotions in the face may be an efficient step towards their therapy and communication improvement. The objective of this study was to compare diagnostic ability of basic emotions in children with high-performance autism with normal peers. In this comparative profile study, two groups of 16 individuals: children with high-performance autistic disorder and their normal peers were selected by available sample method in terms of age, sex and life location. Neuropsychology diagnostic test of different emotions in Benton face (changed version) was used to determine diagnostic ability of emotions (happy, sad and angry). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics and t-test were done for both independent groups. Results showed that the ability of both tested groups is equal in diagnosing emotional states of joy, anger and neutral condition in face while viewing face picture and there was not any significant difference between groups but in diagnosing emotional grief state, the performance of autistics is lower and there was significant difference with normal peer group. The autistic children with high function are equal in ability with normal children in case of recognizing the happiness, anger and neutral facial excitement. However, they are less competent in recognizing the sadness and facial excitement than normal children.

It has been reported that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from cognitive impairments. This study was designed in order to compare cognitive function of individuals with and without MS. The sample consisted of 114 participants (57 normal individuals and 57 MS patients). We used Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and 2 subscales of WAIS (Vocabulary and Digit span Subscales) for assessing the cognitive function of subjects. The result of the current study showed significant differences in MMSE, digit span and vocabulary between the MS and normal individuals. Clinical attention to the treatment of cognitive impairment seems to be a necessity and may contribute enhancing quality of life in MS patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two training methods of emotional regulation based on dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and gross emotion regulation process model(GERM) in reducing symptoms of emotional problems (depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity and hostility). In this semi-experimental study, 45 students who referred to Isfahan university center by themselves, randomly selected between the students who have emotional problems, they randomly assigned into three groups (two experimental and a waiting list group). One of the experimental group received DBT and another on GERM. The data obtained using SCL-90-R and psychological interview (in pre- post test and follow-up). 1- Both experimental methods reduce interpersonal sensitivity of students. 2- Just DBT reduced depression symptoms. 3- Both experimental methods reduce anxiety symptoms but in DBT, recurrent anxiety symptoms were observed in follow up stage. Also these methods had different effect on anxiety symptoms. 4- None of the above methods could reduce hostility symptoms. Those findings showed effectiveness of two training methods of emotional regulation on emotion problems. We could use GERM method for intervention in anxiety, DBT method for intervention in depression and both method for intervention in interpersonal sensitivity.

The main purpose of this study was to assess and compare mental health of high school girl students living in dormitories of Welfare Organization and University of Sistan and Balouchestan.

A cross-sectional study was done to evaluate the mental health of students living in dormitories. The sample of study consisted of 40 girl students recruited from students in dormitories of Zahedan welfare organization and the high school of Sistan and Balouchestan University. Mental health of participants was assessed by SCL-90-R and the data were analyzed using SPSS soft ware.

Findings of study showed significant differences between students living in dormitories of Welfare Organization and University of Sistan and Balouchestan.. The most prevalent symptoms among students in dormitories of Welfare organization were depression (90%), phobia (90%), anxiety (80%) and sensitivity in interpersonal relationships (80%), while the most prevalent symptoms among students in dormitories of university were depression (50%), paranoid ideation (45%) and compulsion (35%).

High prevalence of psychological symptoms among students living in dormitories, especially among students in Welfare Organization suggests that effective strategies for preventing and treatment of psychological disorders must be developed and used in dormitories.

Anxiety is recognized as a preventive and effective factor in labor progress. Due to the different results of studies in other countries and lack of the similar study in Iran, this study was designed to determine the effect of counseling with nulliparous women in third trimester on their anxiety in the beginning of labor. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 64 nulliparous women who had not previous hospitalization and known psychological disease. The women completed the consent form and then their anxiety was assessed in third trimester by Hamilton Scale. Those women were randomly entered into the study groups (34 individuals in each group). The intervention group in every visit in third trimester was counseled about the different topics of pregnancy and delivery. The non-intervention group received the normal prenatal care. Then the anxiety scores of both groups of women were assessed at the time of hospitalization for delivery. Data was analyzed by SPSS-15, Mann- Witney-U and Wilcoxon rank tests. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Mean of anxiety score in intervention group was 26.5±7.6 in third trimester and 11.82±8.3 at the time of admission for delivery and difference was significant (p<0.001). It was 25.90±6.9 in third trimester and 23.53±5.8 at the time of labor beginning in non-intervention group and the difference was not significant (p=0.25). Counseling with pregnant women in third trimester reduced their anxiety in the beginning of labor. For reduction of anxiety of nulliparous women, counseling in third trimester was suggested.

The person in puberty period encounters multiple physical, psychological and social changes. With attention to the important role of parents about this, this study aims to determine the educational needs of fathers about boys puberty period. This is a cross-sectional and analytical study which was done on 324 subjects in Gonabad city in 2010. The instrument was a research-made questionnaire consisting of four parts: demographic data, to assess knowledge about puberty changes in boys, to assess attitude about behavioral changes and parents – adolescent's interaction and about physical and sexual health issues in adolescence. The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 16 using qui-square, Kendall's tau and Pearson correlation test at the significance level of p<0.05. None of fathers had desirable knowledge. 60 (18.5%) of fathers had good opinion about psychological-behavioral health and communication with adolescence and 40 (12.3%) have good opinion on physical and sexual health issues of their children. Knowledge and attitude of fathers had a significant correlation with the father's education and occupation (p<0.001). Based on the study results, parents seem to need necessary education in this subject so that they can help their children for healthy transition in this critical period.

The aim of this study is to explore the barriers on reproductive health education and prospects among teachers and students in the Zahedan city related to reproductive health education at schools.

In this qualitative content analysis study, eight qualitative focus group interview among teachers and students were conducted in 2009 (N=61).

The most important barriers of education were; not accepting the parents of students and cultural prejudice. The most informative resource for students was peers at school and the best educational method was gradual by getting benefit from mentioned prohibitions in Islam.

Designing on analyzed and comprehensive reproductive health education by using cultural capacities and Islamic instruction are suggested.

To evaluate the validity and reliability of assessing the performance of n ursing students using the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS). This research was conducted on 55 nursing internship students in 8 procedures. A DOPS consisted of an assessor observing a student when performing skills, completing a checklist with the student and providing verbal feedback. The procedures were selected among the core skills of nursing according to the views of faculty members. Content validity, criterion validity (correlation the average scores of nursing clinical and theoretical courses separately with DOPS score, relation of each item with DOPS), construct validity (inspection of internal construction), reliability (examination of internal consistency, inter-rater reliability) were examined. Correlation of DOPS scores with the theoretical and clinical average scores were 0.117 (p=0.429) and 0.376 (p= 0.008) respectively. There has been a significant relation between each skill and DOPS total score (p= 0.001) that indicates a desired internal construction of the exercise. The reliability of the exercise was measured as 94% by Cronbach alpha coefficient. Minimum and maximum correlation coefficient in the inter-rater reliability were 42% and 84% respectively which were significant in all cases (p=0. 001). In conclusion, our results showed that DOPS has the validity and reliability for objective evaluation of procedural skills in nursing.

The objective of this study was to predic quality of life based on perceived social support components in non–insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Fifty patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus from Al-Zahra diabetic center in Shiraz participated in a cross-sectional study via survey instrument. All subjects completed multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and world health organization quality of life- brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires. On the basis of stepwise multiple regression analysis friends and family dimensions of perceived social support were the best predictors of the quality of life and its dimensions (p<0.01). Friends and family dimensions of perceived social support have significant contributions in predicting quality of life of patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

This study aimed to determine the Quality of Life (QoL) of people with stroke in Ahvaz. In this cross-sectional study, QoL of 200 patients with stroke were studied. The mean age of the patients’ was 59±14 years. QoL were significantly correlated with gender, age group, educational level, marital status and type of cerebral damage (p<0.05). There was not any significant difference between the QoL of people who suffered from stroke with duration of the disease and laterality of the stroke (p>0.05). Lower QoL is in women, older age, illiterate people, widowed and people with ischemic stroke notify the necessity of attention to these vulnerable groups.

Regarding to the importance of emotional intelligence in adjusting behaviors, this study was carried out to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and educational adjustment in pre-university girl students of Tehran in2008. In this descriptive study, 300 pre-university girl students of Tehran city were selected via multi-stage stratified random sampling. The instruments for gathering data were Bar-on emotional intelligence questionnaire and adjustment inventory for high school students. Data were analyzed by means of chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study showed that there was significant correlation between emotional intelligence and educational adjustment (p<0.01). Regarding meaningful association between emotional intelligence and educational adjustment, training on the emotional intelligence factors, in order to effective adjustment is mandatory for students.

The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between humor and negative life events with depression among university students.

This is a cross sectional study. The statistical populations consisted of all students of Tabriz University, in which 200(100 male, 100 female) were selected by simple random sampling. To collect data we used Khoshouei Humor Scale, The List of Life Events and Beck Depression Test. Data were analyzed, using correlation coefficient and multiple regressions tests.

Finding showed that there is a negative-significant correlation between depression and humor; and positive-significant relationship with negative life events. Also there is a negative-significant relationship between humor and negative life events. On the other hand, regression analysis results showed that humor and negative life events have a significant predication potential for depression.

The results showed that increasing humor sense of the students and reducing their depression, may reduce life stress factors.

Bakground: The aim of this study was to predict the psychological tendency to drug abuse in youths according to their personality characteristics.

The research sample includes male and female students of Zahedan Medical Science University with the average age of 19-24years. The proportional cluster random sampling was used for selection of participants. The hypotheses were analyzed, using Pearson correlation method, regression analysis, one way ANOVA and t- test for two independent groups.

The results indicated positive relationships among addiction aptitude and personality characteristics. It also was demonstrated that in the personality characteristics domain, determined 47% of the addiction aptitude.

It is necessary to focus training prevention and intervention on all students.

High risk sexual behaviors endanger young people and adolescents to HIV infection and other sexual diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the dispersal of high risk sexual behaviors in different in our referred patients to council center of Shiraz medical university. This descriptive, cross sectional study was done between 2004-2009 years on referred people to council center of Shiraz medical university by census method. Maximum prevalence of high risk sexual behaviors observed in women’s barber (36%), unemployed individuals (9.51%) and painters (8.53%); and the maximum referred pepole observed in drivers (28.81%), unemployed individuals (22.93%) and school students (14.15%). Totally, according to our results, we can conclude that media and health ministry must be looking for different socio-economic groups and occupations providing special training structure.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between quality of work-life and job satisfaction regarding their educational level of hospital employees in Rasht, Gilan. Statistical society included 2,800 staffs of governmental hospitals in Rasht, in which 338 persons were selected by categorized sampling. Using a standard questionnaire, we collected necessary data and analyzed them using Pearson correlation, correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Our findings showed that between each component of the quality of working life and job satisfaction of employees with 99% confidence level and 1% alpha according to the correlation coefficient (R) and a significant positive relationship. Overall results expression and a significant positive correlation between the components of quality of work life and job satisfaction and variable reduction effect on the severity of education relationship between dependent and independent variables.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the psychological symptoms among patients with cancer.

The design of the study is quasi-experimental with pretest, post-test with a control group. 30 patients were randomly allocated into two groups: experimental group (15 patients) and control group (15 patients). The independent variable was cognitive-behavioral therapy which was administrated in 9 sessions on the experimental group while there was no psychological treatment for the control group. The research instrument was SCL-90-R. The data was analyzed using covariance analysis.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy led to reduction in psychological symptoms in all dimensions of SCL-90-R variables among patients of experimental group.

It may also be used as a supplement method enhancing standard oncological treatment and improving the physician-patient relationship.

Health cooperatives in similar structure of health network in Iran, give primary health cares to defined population with supervisory of public sector. This study compares health system performance between public (PHC) and cooperative (CHC) health centers. Client's satisfaction was 4.14 in CHC and 3.9 in PHC in 5 point Likert scale. The mean for daily health services of CHC and PHC were 110.8 and 85 respectively. Health cooperatives are appropriate strategy for downsizing of government in health sector.