فصلنامه پژوهش های مدیریت در ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 74، زمستان 1390)

This paper aims at studying the strategic alignment between financial strategy and subsystems including investment strategy, financing strategy, dividend strategy, and working capital strategy based on a comprehensive model (based on strategic reference points, SRPs). Three alignment models could be identified in the strategic management literature: rational, natural and comprehensive. The comprehensive model is based on process view in strategic management that its implementation is a function of formulation (focus, internal or external– SRP1) and control (low or high – SRP2). In this paper, at first, we identify typologies of financial and subsystem strategies based on SRP, and then the relationship between these strategies are studied. Using the case study strategy, Exir Drug Company was selected for empirical study and types of financial and subsystem strategies were calculated in 2001-2008. The results showed that, when the financial strategy type of Exir is moderate willing to risk taking, the performance (Tobin's Q and ROA) is more than when the financial strategy type is moderate willing to risk avoidance. The conclusion is that when there is alignment between financial and subsystem strategies, there is high performance (Tobin's Q and ROA).

From the End of 1970s Privatization have become a Dominant Goal of General Policies of Governments. Every Country Based on its Special Circumstances Followed Special Model of Privatization. The aim of This Study is to Design the Comprehensive Model for Privatization and Transfer of Governmental Enterprises in Iran with PolicyMaking Approach having Concern to Laws and thair Haierarchy in Country, Proper Strategies of Transfers is Offered. In this Model, Privatization have Settled on Two Bas:1- Financial Goals of Enterprise Include: Productivity, Competition, Profitability and Stock Value. 2- Public Good Goals Include: Employment, Environment of Life, Welfar and Equity. Based on these Goals We offer Ways for Creating Infrastractures of Privatization in Country Such as: Transparency in Transferes, Create Security for Investement, Stablish and Modify the Current Rules, Create Competitive Stock Environment, Resesrch and Development, reinforcemented stock Exchange, Evaluate and Restructure of Enterprises and Stablish Non Governmental Institution for Control of Privatizution Process. After That We Propose Two Magor Strategies for Privatization In Iran: use of Foreign Investment and Issue of Stock In Stock Exchange. The, Proper Requirements have Proposed for Monitoring Privatization Process Such as Government, Parlement, Mass Media and Non Govermmeut Ovganizations. At the end of Modol The Alternative for Reporting of Perfoemance have Presented.

Trust is the basis of many interactions in human societies; either interpersonal or social communications. Many factors such as lack of social capital, influence of critical media and especially decrease or lack of accountability in public institutions has diminished public trust to the government and its organizations. In this article, we study trust literature firstly and then evaluate the relationship between public trust to the governmental organizations (bureaucracies) and political trust in the society. Then we present suggestions to improve current situations. The results of such studies can be considered as the basis for more attention to the public and political trust in the society and solutions for their improvements.

Customer churn management consist of three main phases: identifying churners, discovering the causes of churn and adapting appropriate strategies against this problem. Most of studies in this field focused on prediction of customer churn. Few studies about discovering causes of churn are just about testing primary hypothesis about probable causes. This study because of the shortage of previous studies in this field has made lots of innovations. Some of these innovations are: designing a new framework for discovering causes of churn and designing a hybrid approach from data mining and survey techniques which carried out without benchmarking from any similar study. Proposed framework includes four main steps: feature construction and selection, identification of churners, discovering the causes of churn, and validating the results. Current account customers of Keshavarzi Bank are selected as casestudy of this research and the required data is gathered trough questionnaire. The approach used for discovering causes of churn is extracting the rules which lead to churn in various clusters of customers. For this purpose, decision tree technique with target variable of churn label is utilized. Validating the results is carried out by testing it on validation data set and calculating the top lift and overall error rate. The extracted rules represent that there is a tendency to churn among big segment of keshavarzi's customers. The most important reason (specially among higher salary customers) is about manner of bank agents not reasons expressed by experts such as the way of lending or the profit of backup accounts.

most cities in the world, especially multiplicity faces big problems with traffic and several vehicles. City managers suggest two solutions for these problems. The first is to make supply increased and other one is to demand management. We know increasing supply need expensive and sometimes impossible. It's clear that demand management is the best. In each city there are different kinds of demands for trip such as trips to work, education trips, shopping trips and social trips. In this paper we estimate demand to trips based on trips to work that are home based from out of city to multiplicity. The main reason for trips is different levels of well-being indices that are more in the multiplicity. Well-being in multiplicities is rather better than in life place. In this paper we measured well-being indices based on 2006 year book Tehran that used in estimating job place, education place and etc. based on house hold census 2006. The result show that work trips demand increase by increasing literacy index and residential units and decrease by increasing number of private vehicle the regression result. 0.83 percent of work trips demand explained with variable explanatory. The results show a number of school, distance, sport place and … dont have significant effect on work trips demand.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationships between perceived organization support with participation to decision-making, organizational citizenship behaviors, job scope, trust to supervisor, pay satisfaction, extra role behavior, job involvement, work involvement, promotion opportunity, internal motivation, supervision quality, tend to stay, job alternatives, intention to turnover, and satisfaction from supervisor and coworkers. The second aim of this research was extraction of direct and no direct relationships between perceived organizational supports with 17 research variables. To this end, 295 persons were randomly selected from one public sector organization. The instruments which used in this research were: Eisenberger et al.’s perceived organizational support, and 17 questionnaires for the assessment of research variables. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and path analysis. The results showed that there are significant negative relationships between intention to turnover and job alternatives with perceived organizational supports and significant positive relationships between the remaining research variables at highest level for participation to decision making and at lowest level for internal motivation] with perceived organizational support. The results of path analysis showed that among the research variables, only participation to decision making, pay satisfaction, promotion opportunity, internal motivation, supervision quality and organizational trust showed significant direct relationships with perceived organizational support. In general, on the basis of path analysis, the model of direct and indirect paths was extracted for perceived organizational support.

Automated system for customs data (ASYCUDA) is one of the operating, supervision and control systems in the world customs offices that used to optimize customs clearance functions. This study aims to access the role played by ASYCUDA in organizational learning, employee's technological distinctive competencies and performance in Tehran customs offices. The required information for this research collected by systematic sampling method from Tehran customs offices employees that knew ASYCUDA and the employees of the Iranian customs Statistic and ICT section by using research questionnaire. The collected data from statistic sample was analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling methods. Our finding and research model fit indexes show us goodness of fit for the collected data and the research conceptual model. Also our finding shows us the positive influence of ASYCUDA on organizational learning and customs employee's technological distinctive competencies. The positive influence of this system on customs performance is not significant but ASYCUDA affects customs performance via organizational learning.

regarding Principle of 44 (privatization) in increasing entrepreneurship and developing industries by prospect of the vision 1404, which the announcement of the 4th five-year Development Plan of the country by the religious Leader in 2003 and its approval and implementation by related institutions regarding. The main purpose of the research, it is tried to study the implemented regulations of these laws pertinent to the 4th from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) management’s attitude. this Plans such as: in fields including giving financial loan to SMEs, creating industrial districts, preparing the facilities for information exchange, paving the way for marketing and exhibitions, empowerment of human resource and official mechanization and creating export clusters, were gathered and the questions regarding the supportive indicators were reviewed by help of 15 experts in executive organizations, and faculty teachers and 35 industries managers and after confirming the reliability and validity of the research, referred directly to 180 enterprises and performing 144 reliable interviews with industries managers and after testing the normalization of indicators, the research hypotheses were tested through T- Student Test in which the results showed that, the government’s financial aid to the industries was successful for SMEs industries management’s view while other supportive policies were not been successful.Gaps evaluation between the ideal situation and showed that financial support policies only to some extent close to ideal and have the rest of this distance it was suggested to try on the necessary suggestions by content analysis to improve the Gaps in the future programs.

Research on mass customization suggests that this type of offer delivers more value to the customer. This article provides answers to the following research question: How interpersonal differentiation value of the mass-customized Product influence the overall perceived value of MC?. we explore interpersonal differentiation value in need for optimization (NFO), centrality of visual product aesthetics (CVPA), and consumer need for uniqueness (CNFU). A conceptual model grounded in involvement theory, the functional theory of attitudes, and theories on the desirability of uniqueness is proposed and empirically tested. The goal of this research is development and the way of this research is survey- analysis. Statistical population of research is two hundred one undergraduate business students of Iranian universities. Generally, the data support significant relationships between the three dimensions of interpersonal differentiation value and the overall perceived value and buy tendency of MC.