نشریه راهبرد توسعه
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1390)

The purpose of this study is the monetary inflation test in Iran’s economy and the identification of influential factors in inflation by estimation of two different econometrics models and during the period of a century half, i.e. the years between 1960-2009. So the current study aims at not only focusing on the direct impacts of volume of money and liquidity on inflation in the frame of monetary theories, but also distinguishing the other effective factors on inflation like gross domestic products, the exchange rate in the market parallel, imported price index, domestic interest rate, foreign interest rate and oil incomes in order to estimate the importance of these factors in forming the inflationary pressures. indeed two models of different econometrics would be estimated in order to study the relations among the aforementioned variable and the level of general prices. The stationary tests on the variables show that some variables of I(0) and I(1) are to be confronted, Accordingly the method of auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) are applied to estimate these kinds of models. The outcomes of the study show that 1- there is a kind of positive and meaningful relations between the inflation and liquidity in Iran’s economy, but this relation is not one to one; 2- the inflation phenomenon is not just the monetary one in Iran’s economy; 3- increase of liquidity content is one of important factors in causing inflation in Iran’s economy, but it is not the most important factor;4- except for the content of liquidity there are some other influential factors in causing inflation like gross domestic product, the imported price index,domestic interest rate, foreign interest rate and oil incomes.

On of the effective factors in Economic Growth, especially, in developing countries is innovation. The using of knowledge and innovation results in rapid developments in production technology and by improving the production process or creating the new products brings about to increaseproductivity and use of production inputs. Generally, technology is divided into two parts: hardware-related and software-related technology. Hardwarerelated sector is includes equipments and machinery and software-related sector is an outcome of intellectual creations of the human mind and “intellectual property rights” is responsible for protecting this sector.Protecting of intellectual property rights by securing advantages and benefits of innovation to innovators creates a positive effect on innovation. In this paper, we investigate the way which intellectual property rights affect economic growth through the channel of innovation during the period 1995-2008 in G15 countries. The results of this study indicate the relatively inappropriate status of G15 countries in protecting intellectual property rights. However it must be noted that, Chile and Malaysia are in a relatively good position with regard to intellectual property rights and most of the innovation indicators, and experience a relatively stable economic growth.Although Iran is not in appropriate position in terms of intellectual property rights, but nevertheless in some innovation indicators possess a suitable position than other countries studied, it seems that is due to the increasing growth of graduate studies and the overflow of oil revenues. Therefore, a more serious protection of intellectual property rights in G15 member, leads to joint research with the aim of creating competitive advantages, making the scale of production economic through joint investments, exchange of business parties, stablishing joint companies, exchange of technical knowledge and experts, holding trade fairs, and … that will help to development of economic and regional cooperation between member states.

Increase in operational faults and reduction of efficiency of stateowned enterprises has lead policymakers and economists to make privatization policy in order to improve their efficiency andperformance. Government applies various ways of divesting ownership and control of state-owned enterprises that Share Issuing Privatization (SIP) through stock market is the most popular one. Government follows other goals by influencing on stock market as well. This paper surveys some research, done in SIP field around the world, to investigate the effects of the SIP on stock market.Results show that using this way has caused improvement in economic climate, market development and extension of ownership culture as well as divesting the ownership. In addition, regarding volume of divestures and investors attitude towards them, we see an increase in liquidity and return of investments in market.In Iran also, privatization policy has received considerable attention after the end of the imposed war in five year development programs.Surveys of the effects of this policy on the Tehran stick market,reveals a rise in liquidity and no significant changes in the market depth.

Many economists now argue that Intellectual Capital is more likely to be the key source of a firm’s competitive advantage than tangible resources. Hence, leveraging knowledge is often the key to a firm’s prosperity. The study aims to understand the social and organizational factors that influence knowledge sharing. A model of knowledge management and knowledge sharing was developed inspired by the work of Nahapiet and Ghoshal(1998). This paper explores the role of social capital in the knowledge-based economy with a focus on the creation and diffusion of knowledge in companies. Social capital consists of norms and networks that support cooperation. Bridging social capital, aimed at exchanging and learning skills instead of facts,may increase knowledge flows between various communities of practice in companies. The paper suggests that employees’ ability,motivation, and opportunity to share their human capital can be viewed as both the cause and the outcome of the cognitive, relational,and structural dimensions of social capital embedded in an organization ’s – formal as well as informal – social architecture respectively.

Nowadays human resources are known as the first and the key factor for the development of society. A study of the world evolution indicates that most advanced Societies have invested on social and human capital over the years. On this basis social capital as an intangible asset in economic performance of societies have been the topics of interest to economic and social enthusiasts. Social capital is mainly based on cultural and social factors, identifying it as an investment in macroeconomic management of developing countries and management of organizations can create new knowledge and help managers to manage their firms better. Many economists believe that social capital is the missing link in th backward countries for the solution of economic and social problems. They believe that the rise of social relations based on trust and cooperation will lead to growth and development of the backward countries.This paper presents the concepts and definitions of social capital and its role on economic performance. Finally a theoretical model is presented and the impact of social capital on economic development is discussed and proper recommendations are rendered.

Privatization policy and implementation of 44 Principal of Law is the main strategy of economic growth in Iran. Looking at privatization experience in our country and other countries show that privatization program in most of the cases face to many obstacles and difficulties that neglecting these issues lead to not achieving such determined goals. Transportation as an important economic sector needs to develop and become more efficient than before that this action need more participation of private sector. In this topic, considering barriers of private sector participation in transportation is the most necessary issue in planning and guiding the private sector to investing in this sector of economy. This article is an effort to sort out and investigate those obstacles of privatization of transportation in Iran that categorized in both economic infrastructures and special issues of transportation sector. Based on the result of this paper, majorobstacles of privatization of transportation are: lack of economic safety, government monopolistic interference, government interference in pricing process, obstacles in regulations, weakness in capital market and financial institutions, externalities in transportation sector and high costs of infrastructures and fixed costs.

Management and community leadership by Imam Khomeini was set upon his thoughts and he has all the theoretical and strategic for the formation of a religious system and new government. Imam Khomeini grand to win the leadership of a great revolution and the overthrow of a powerful system and crafting a new political and social system during ten years, raise the fundamental question for management thinkers: What are dimensions of strategic thinking and strategic management aspects are. This article examines two dimensions of strategic thinking and strategic management of Imam Khomeini. First we study the theoretical, historical, revolutionary and political thinking of Imam to lead the great Islamic Revolution Islamic Republic. Analysis indicates that his thought system for community leadership has so cohesion which has been successful in achieving his goals and the evolution coincided. After explaining the situation ofcommunity strategic he draws a favorable vision for the future of society, his strategy also attempts to fulfill the strategic capacity of the community.

The problem of determining Caspian sea Legal Regime as an example debating that seriously to be attentive in period after the collapse of U.S.S.R. in this issue both the role of littoral states and The role of trans regional powers are important. This article proposed on ground relations between Iran and Russia and determining of Caspian sea legal regime.Three hypotheses that was examined in this article, that two hypotheses are secondary and one hypothesis that presence trans regional powers and retreated Iran and Russia from primary situation based upon Condominium exploitation from sea to division it, is main hypothesis. According to this hypothesis indicators that was examined such as NATO expansion eastward and presence in Caspian sea region, presence united states of America in this region, presence European union in this region, retreated Iran from condominium exploitation from sea to division it and retreated Russia from condominium exploitation from sea to division it. Finally to given control group, two of our secondary hypothesis was failed and the data was brought to our main hypothesis that was very field.

Iranian Nuclear case is located in the center of west conflict against Iran. Western attempt to abstain Iran to achieving peaceful Nuclear Technology by enmity acts such as economic sanctions, killing nuclear scientists, etc. The question intended in this paper is formed as: why western is challenging Iranian peaceful Nuclear Technology? In spite of several variants to response this question the main factor of this paper of the Foreign policy analysis is capability of nuclear Technology. Because this technology can developed instruments of foreign policy and allowed Iran to achieve its particular goals. The resulting of this balance of the west view is that Iran would endanger the existing international order under the influence of the west. For this main reason the west countries attempts challenging against Iranian nuclear technology.

Since the training and education is a full process, all the aspects of human nature and talents and natural or potential abilities must be taken in to consideration and be planed for their improvement and guidance intellectuals and theoreticians, with a holistic point of view, have put training in to different categories like manner education,spiritual education, social education, etc. …Considering the Islamic view point in the basics of training is a need which is fell in this field. In this regard, the goal of this research is to show the viewpoints of Feiz Kashani as an intellectual who put the basis of his theories on Imams educations in the field of Training and Mannes. So we answer the questions about goals, harmful methods and correct methods based of the Feiz anthological ideas. The method of this research is gathering information like library and the researcher gets the information and makes notes and then analyze them. There sults of the research indicate that Feiz is looking to social training from three different aspects. First its key role in providing the financial need. Second, the role of social ties in spiritual needs and erfection and the third, the influence of government on training. in other word, providing the people of a society with their needs and training and guiding them is not possible without law and government. In his point of view the most important social goals are observing rights, developing intimacy, earning honest money and being law obedient and to achieve. Them he suggests a number of ways all based on Imams word and advice.