Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 1, 2012

characters. The development of different dimensions is one of the most important stages of the family development. Family faces a new experience for the first time. The present study aimed to describe infant psychosocial demands and to desire family experiences and its requirements during the child bearing stage.The personality of a baby is a compound of physiological, mental, and social done according to purposive sampling method. The data was collected through random interviews with fourteen parents and were analyzed through the Colaizzi’s method. Reliability and validity study of the roots in the four-axis (real value, applicability, continuity, and being based on reality) was done.In this research, quality approach based on phenomenology was used. Sampling is theme titled "satisfy the demands and desires of psychosocial child norm".This relation was obtained in 57 codes placed in 10 subject categories and a main face many problems and they need to be supported. According to this research, not paying attention to these problems and necessities may have undesirable effects on the evolution of the child and also on the parents’ relationships which can harm the family structure.The present research reveals that families, in their first childbearing experience

has been used gradually in nursing research. While this method is important in nursing, there are not enough Persian manuscripts. Therefore, this study was performed to review previous researches in order to clarify and describe definitions, classifications, principles and conceptual bases of autoethnography. Persian and foreign articles and books were used in this review study.Autoethnography is one of the most modern methods of qualitative research. It

Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Index,ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Medline databases. Articles from each of these databases were examined to identify major themes, as well as areas of agreement and disagreement across disciplines.Keywords of "autoethnography" and "nursing" were searched in Cumulative Index to

explores personal experiences as the sources of data.Autoethnography is a subgroup of ethnography. In this method, the researcher

knowledge Autoethnography is a major method in nursing research that can develop new

motor, cognitive perceptual and psychosocial abilities and can influence most performance areas. Occupational therapy sees leisure time and related activities among the most important parts of human life. This qualitative research was performed to describe the attitudes and experiences of people with MS in Ahvaz, Iran about leisure time activities.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease that affects sensory from members of MS Association of Khuzestan province and occupational and physiotherapy clinics in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (2011). Data saturation was achieved with 11 interviews. The study involved secondary analysis of in-depth transcribedsemi-structured interview data, using Colaizzi's method.This descriptive phenomenological study used purposeful sampling to select subjects (themes) emerged from the analysis of the subthemes in one main domain of attitude and experience of people with MS about leisure time activities. The participants categorized the effects of leisure on human performance into 2 subthemes (physical and mental performance) resulting in one theme (importance and aim of leisure). Besides, based on their ways of passing leisure time (individual style and group style) 3 subthemes and thus one theme (style of spending leisure) were extracted. In addition, 3 subthemes were mentioned for barriers(individual, social, and environmental barriers) that resulted in "leisure obstacles" as a theme.Finally, 2 subthemes were suggested for improving leisure time (personal and social role toleisure improvement) that demonstrated a theme (leisure suggestions).Nine preliminary structural elements (subthemes) and 4 essential structural elements physical and mental performance limitations in people with MS. Experiences of participants in this study expressed the importance of leisure from different aspects. Moreover, although these people spend their leisure time in individual or group activities, they face several obstacles including personal, social, and environmental barriers. In order to improve the quality of leisure for MS patients, more attention needs to be paid to the role of the individual as well as the community.The findings showed that leisure activities are also affected as a result of various

Empathy appears to be an important concept in the interpersonal repertoire of nurses. A number of definitions and models of empathy are available in the literature. The aim of this paper was to analyze the concept of empathy using Rodger's evolutionary concept analysis Keywords of empathy and nursing were searched in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Index, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Medline databases. Articles published during the last 15 years in any of these databases were examined. Rodger's evolutionary concept analysis was used to identify major themes, areas of agreement and disagreement across disciplines, changes in the concept over time, and emerging trends. Five conceptualizations of empathy including empathy as a human trait, empathy as a professional state, empathy as a communication process, empathy as caring, and empathy as a special relationship were revealed. Nursing, as a profession, must have an independent analysis of empathy in its context.

Brain dead patients are important sources of preparing organs for patients with organ deficiency. The aim of this research was to show the experiences of families with brain dead patients regarding organ donation. This phenomenological qualitative research used deep, nonstructural interaction to collect data from families during 2010 in Kerman, Iran. Data was collected by interaction with 13 first degree relatives of 8 brain dead patients. The data was then analyzed by qualitative content analysis methods according to Colaizzi's method. The results revealed 3 main themes of unknown, swmard, dependent and elevation. Each theme was divided into different subthemes. The subthemes of interaction included knowledge, anxiousness, questions, contact with person and families, and treating the patient. group of fear and doubt, remorse, Save probeb: un acceptibility, special belief, scrupulous thought. And in sub groop of evaluation is: actuality of acceptance, the human race, religious belief, growth in head situation.and sub groop of dependence wes: interest, expectation and general ties. According to different experiences of families, deciding in a short time needs a proper and complete support in crisis situation. In addition, appropriate and timely knowledge about the process of brain death and organ donation would help reduce problems faced by families. A better understanding of the situation and promoting humanity and religious beliefs among families would reduce wrong thoughts and confounding factors and thus ease the donation process.

Birth of a premature infant can have long-term effects on parents. In fact, the future relationship between parents and children can even be affected by this experience. This study aimed to explain the experience of mothers with premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Afzalipoor Hospital in Kerman, Iran. In a qualitative study, purposive sampling method was used to select 10 mothers with premature infants who were hospitalized in the NICU for at least one week. Data was collected through semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed based on the content analysis. The results of this study revealed three main themes including unfamiliar situation (including lack of knowledge about NICU and premature infants), need to be understood (needing to be advocated by their families, and needing to share experiences), loss of control on their neonate (limited participation in caring of neonate, and unpredictable situation of the neonate). The mothers participating in this research required adequate and correct knowledge about prematurity. The support that mothers receive from family and health care team members was unexpected for them and this issue concerns them about the neonate. Thus, the nurse's role in educating and supporting the mothers and providing them with correct care of newborns is essential

Heart transplantation is one of the unique types of organ transplantation. Spiritualpsychological aspects of heart transplantation affect quality of life and survival rates. This study described the spiritual-psychological experiences of heart transplant recipients. In a qualitative phenomenological study, purposive sampling was used to select 9 heart transplant recipients. Data was collected through in-depth and unstructured interviews. Data analysis was performed by Colaizzi's method. After the interviews, the transcriptions were analyzed and three concepts of peace, depression and despair were extracted. The results of this study demonstrated that patients with a range of emotional problems showed different spiritual-psychological dimensions. While giving care to each patient, he needs to be considered as a unique individual. In addition to considering physical needs of patients, their spiritual-psychological problems should also be taken into account. Awareness of patient's experiences can help the care team to provide appropriate. The quality of life and survival rates of patients would thus be improved. Psychological and psychiatric counseling would also facilitate the healing process.

In order to stand second in the field of science and technology, research-related activities of students need to be promoted. The aim of this study was to explain the views and experiences of students regarding research. It also tried to recommend strategies for increasing the student's participation in research activities. A qualitative study with 50 students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences was performed during 2011. Purposeful sampling with maximum diversity was used to select participants. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted to achieve data saturation. All participants were asked at least two open questions: "What does the word research bring to your mind?" and "What concessions will increase the quality of research performed by students?". Content analysis was used to analyze data. Applied research", "novel laboratory research", "benefits of research for the society", "providing the students with support and empathy", and "motivation" were among the derived themes. Participants considered a student as an individual sincerely eager to seek the development of the country through science and research. Most participants complained that the results of different studies are not applied in the community. Students anticipate support and empathy from their teachers. They want to learn competency. Performing duplicate research and not using the obtained results would despair young researchers. Therefore, the current research-related culture among young students requires to be promoted.