فصلنامه پیک نور (علوم انسانی)
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار 1387)

The utilization of human resource and knowledge management are the success key of organizations. Human resource has a key role in both. In this article human resource and a model of it is studied first, then knowledge management and its model will be explained. Finally, with an emphasis on their interaction, model of human resource utilization and knowledge management with a strategic approach will be studied.

Cooperative administration, its rehabilitation means and offered system with the main aims focused on communication technologies, have been considered again. The offered changes of Central Organization of Payam-e Noor University will be limited severely by different ways of leadership in study centre and units. In this article the effect of cooperative administration on job satisfaction and the staff’s change tendancy have been considered by expert’s opinions gathered from study centers and units in tenth region of University. More Job satisfaction and the resistance corresponding less change of staffs are the results of more cooperative ways used in centers. Finally, using the results of investigation revealed some offers in order to have better rehabilitation of offered system in the university from both aspects of software and hardware.

Needs are essential for growth and survival of individuals. Behaviour is the result of stresses produced by needs, therefore it is necessary to know the needs and analyze them. Security and survival needs were classified in the low level as said Mazlo, and growth needs were placed in the top. In this investigation a questionaire was prepared to ask the needs of employees of Jihad in order to accomplish the optimal selection of job needs and individuals. AHP Method has lead the better selections. This descriptive-functional investigation considered 100 employees as a statistical group and the aggregated data were analized through T–test, spss software and AHP Method. There was a significant difference between survival needs and security ones of both men and women employees. But no Significant difference was seen between Jihad Ministry employees of Kurdistan Province. The needs may be considered in a two-dimensional continuum (corporal/mental) and the resultant helps individuals’ growth. Recording the evaluation procedure is offered according to findings, then be used in diffrenet aspects of human-organizational programmings including: manpower, available energy, human resource development, … programmings.

Empowerment is a new concept which was noticed by researchers in the last decade of 80. There are two different viewpoints about empowerment in the texts: mechanic and organic viewpoints. The first one knows empowerment equal to power of decision of junier levels in organization. The latter believes it as a multi-dimensional concept which is defined toward employees’ perception or beliefs to their roles in the organization. Employees’ psychological empowerment is known as a new concept of internal incentive for individuals power release and also supply opportunities to appear talents, merit, abilities and independent sense. Psychological empowerment has five dimensions: merit, comfidence, effectiveness, independent and significant sense.

Administration is known as a process using physical and human resources efficiently on the basis of an accepted value system that is accomplished by planning, organizing, integrating of resources, leading, and controlling operations to access the considered aims. Thus the leadership and administrstion in any society depends upon the structure of its culture, civilization and value system. The way of administration views to human being in organization, rationality, justice, development, efficiency, effectiveness, power, freedom, strategic thinking, science and ethics, knowledge and learning, social accountability and realization of public

The Electronic Trade Act in Iran was recently approved. This Act was enacted for speeding the commerce and has some new definitions and different rules. To review these reules and definitions, helps better understanding of this code and Islamic view to them can help the future law of Iran. Keywords: Electronic Trade Act, Islamic Law.

Organizational structure presents a stable and permanent framework that can help the organization members so that they move effectively toward achievement of organizational purposes. Achievement to effectiveness in organization, requires changing approach and application of changes in structure of organizations according to environmental changes, strategy and size of organization. Therefore this research investigates the influence of content dimensions (environmental factors, strategy, and size) on structural dimensions (formality, complexity, and centralization) in organizational design.

Direct supervising on the efficiency of modern agencies is not possible by their stockholders because of the owners and stockholders numbers can only obtain the resulted efficiencies. Thus, it is logical to establish supervision mechanisms in order to preserve their own profits and the optimal control of directors’ function. Awarding to directors based on their functions, is one of prevalent means of this aim attainment. The main goal of this article is the experiment of Agency Theory concepts in order to make clear the invest market from director’s function and the board of directors awarding system based upon attained information on 1378-1382 in Tehran Stock Exchange. In experiment process, the board of directors’ award of elective agencies, connected with some variants of market and accounting based performances by a linear regression modle meanwhile observed some stable factors (irrelevant to function) such as size of agency and ownership concentration. There ere a significant correlation between Return on Assets (ROA) and its changes, size of agency, ownership concentration and financial risk with the board of directors’ award. ROA and the size of agency were more useful in comparison with other variants. Replacement of award changes will weaken the results. In this stage the only variant is Return On Assets (ROA) which has a significant relation with award changes.

Development is a permanent and dynamic prosess and its points of view to human being is the most important thing in development description. In new development theories such as human development and cooperative and communicative development, human is as the development axis who is a thinker and is able to change his activities or life environment. Development, however, is conceptualized about human and its final goal inhis expression of life satisfaction. Human development considering cooperative ways tries fulfill essential needs(food, clothing,…), attainment of an honourable life through education, hygiene, nutrition and human talent prolification. It also improves personal and social life quality and tries to supply better possibilies of life for him. This approach of development, considering measurment of knowledge attainment, better life availability and longevity has been settled as the base of human resource index. This article studies these indexes in Iran. As the consequent, Iran’s development rank changed from level 96 in the year 1379 to 98 in 1382. The increase of internal gross production of percapita, the improvement of nutririon index, increase the index of life expectancy and the index of gross production percapita were affected the abovementionrd index. Since the gross rate of educational enrollment gradually decreased because of 11 countries came to world and increase of education age in Iran considering the age of fertility up to 20. Therefore, This index had negative effect on human development and Iran’s rank set back to 106. The provinicial differences bring solicitude in the national level.