فصلنامه تازه های بیوتکنولوژی سلولی مولکولی
پیاپی 5 (زمستان 1390)

Aim and Background. Archaeosome is known as a new lipid carrier for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. The anti cancer drug, Cisplatin, is encapsulated in archaeosome to reduce the side effects of drug on other cells and offer more dosage of drug on target cellMaterial and Method. Archaeosome was extracted from methanogens and after being dissolved in phosphate buffer, the solution was sonicated in bath sonicator for loading the cisplatin on extracted archaeosome and resize to nano scale.Results. Mass balance was obtained using density and molecular weight of sonicated solution elements, and therefore, the loading percentage of drug on nano archaeosome was obtained. The particles size in nano scale was confirmed with zeta sizer. Conclusion. The main purpose of this research was to load cisplatin on archaeosome for targeted drug delivery against cancer. We obtained very suitable loading percentage that allowed us to succeed in our aim.

Aim and Background. In plants, ions uptake management, translocation, exchange, compartmentalization and precise adjustment of ionic ratios were carried out through the activity of a series of carriers, ion channels and transporters. The vacuolar H+-ATPase (VHA), plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining intracellular pH gradients across specialized organellar membranes, and influences the transport of cations into the vacuoles of plant cells. Activity of this pump provides the primary proton motive force for the execution and regulation of other ion transporters, semi-transporters and H+-dependent channels in the membrane vacuoles. Due to the apparent importance of this pump in improving salt tolerance, in this study, Aeluropus littoralis a monocot halophyte was used as a gene source. Materials and Methods. A cDNA clone with complete length of 498bp contains the necessary information to encode the c subunit of V-ATPase (AlVHA-c) isolated from the A. littoralis plant and was cloned in E. coli bacterium. Results. The nucleotide sequence of the gene (AlVHA-c) showed a significant homology with its counterpart in millet, rice, wheat and maize. In addition the various bioinformatics analysis was performed to clarify the evolutionary relationships and to investigate the possible amino acid and nucleotide sequences differences. Conclusion. Finally the complete coding sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number of (JF504672).

Aim and background. Satureja is a genus of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae. The effect of nano Fe chelate and Fe chelate on the growth of Satureja hortensis was investigated. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted in farm condition in the form of randomized design based on four replications. Plants were treated by different concentrations of iron chelated fertilizer (0, 1.5, 4.5, 7.5 kgha-1) and nano chelated fertilizer (0, 1, 3, 5 kgha-1).Results. Catalase and ascorbate peroxdiase activity was significantly increased in nano Fe fertilizer (4.5 kgha-1). The chlorophyll a content was significantly increased in the Fe chelate (1 kgha-1) and all nano Fe treatments. The effect of nano Fe on chlorophyll b content was more than Fe chelate.Conclusion. The length of stem and root were decreased in all Fe and nano Fe treatments in comparison to control. Also by using the fertilizers, the protein content showed significant differences. High concentrations of Fe chelate and nano Fe chelate decreased the protein content. In the nano Fe treatments indicated that decreasing protein content was more than Fe treatments. Fe chelate decreased and nano Fe increased the total chlorophyll content.

Aim and background. The genus Onobrychis Adans (Fabacea) belongs to Hedysareae tribe. Onobrychis is the biggest genus of Hedysareae Tribe which has 27 endemic species in Iran.Materials and Methods. Pollen morphology of 11 taxa of the Onobrychis was studied with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Results. the results obtained showed that pollen grain is 3-collpate, prolate or perprolate. Exine ornamentation is reticulate and dimention of lumen is different. The equatorial view was elongated, elliptic and the pollar view was circular or obtus-triangular. One pollen type is recognized based on size, equatorial and polar view and exines ornamentation. Conclusion. Pollen morphological studies provided the opportunity to identify and separate species.

Aim and Background. The Juglans regia L. is a plant with difficulty in rooting, therefore, its asexual reproduction is almost impossible. The aim of this study was to conduct and improve the advantage of asexual reproduction by using growth regulators of IBA and 2,4-D.Materials and Methods. In order to keep major characteristics, we studied the effects of treatments and growth regulators of IBA and 2,4-D in several concentrations on 40 plantlet in five groups. Results. The results showed that application of IBA has important effects on root primordium initiating but application of 2,4-D does not show significant initiation. Both treatments of IBA and 2,4-D tend to increasing length of roots. Conclusion. This research show that, treating of shoots with IBA have not important effect on shoot primordium initiation, but 2,4-D treatment are very important effects. Over all treatment with IBA and 2,4 –D caused to increasing the rooting in survival of cutting.

Aim and background. Bromadiolone is one of the well known toxic substances. Toxic effects of bromadiolone have been studied more on different organs of experimental animals. But studying the effects of the toxin on fetus and placenta is still insufficient. In this study, we studied rat embryos exposed to bromadiolone in a short period. Materials and Methods. Animals used in this study were Wistar rats. After the occurrence of pregnancy, female rats were placed in two groups, randomly (n=7). Bromadiolone was given to the experimental group animals on the day 5 of pregnancy in one turn in a dose of 0.11 mg/kg and then sterilized water was given to the control group. On the 15th day of pregnancy, rats were killed and embryos were taken out of the womb. Weight and diameter of embryos were measured and then embryos were used for histological and statistical studies.Results. In the experimental group, there was no significant difference between fetal weight and size of experimented and control groups but in experimental group there were significant decreased in the number of embryos due to fetal atrophy (p<0.05). Hemorrhagic areas of the external structure in the experimental embryos and although, edema of gastric, intestinal lobe and liver was also seen. Conclusion. These results showed that bromadiolone causes teratogenic malformation in the ratfetus

Aim and Background. Physiological characteristics of two apple cultivars (Golab and Shafiabadi) were surveyed after harvesting and storing at the Agricultural Pardis and Natural Resources of Tehran University. Materials and Methods. Two cultivars were selected and some certain physiological characteristics were examined twice. These characters were weight, volume, density, extracted volume, PH, amount of solved and unsolved material, dry matter and ethylene hormone of the fruit. Results. The result showed that there were significant differences among characters between two examined cultivars and also the differences were significant between two times of sampling among fruit weight, PH and ethylene amounts.Conclusion. There were significant differences between two apple cultivars corresponding to ethylene amount, Golab cultivar produces much more amount of ethylene compared with Shafiabadi cultivar.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a system within living cells that helps to control which genes are active and how active they are. Two types of small RNA molecules-microRNA (miRNA) and small RNA interference (siRNA) - are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to specific other RNAs and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing a messenger RNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic genes – viruse and transpose – but also in directing development as well as gene expiration in general. RNA interference is now a widely used biology research technique that can be applied to both cultured cells and whole animals. RNA interference can be used to selectively reduce the level of expression of a specific protein. Clues to the function of the protein can be obtained by observing changes in cell or organism behavior after knockdown of expression in general.