فصلنامه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار 1389)

In the other to Study of zeolit amounts and drought stress effects on and seed yield and yield components of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Shahr-e-Rey region, an experiment carried out in Split Plots design in the basis of randomized complete blocks with 4 replications during 2007 in Shahr-e-Rey Region. Irrigation interval in 3 levels: Irrigation after 80, 130 and 180 mm evaporated water from class A evaporation pan as main factor and zeolit application in 3 levels 0, 6 and 12 ton /ha as sub factor, Okapi cultivar considered for this research. The results showed that the simple effect of irrigation, zeolit and interaction effect of them on seed yield and yield components had significant difference. Mean comparison interaction effect of Irrigation intervals and zeolit showed that irrigation after 80 mm evaporated water from class A evaporation pan and 6 ton/ha zeolit application gained to maximum amount of seed yield (3743.2 kg/ha),biological yield (13426.7 Kg/ha) and harvest index (0.28). In maximum drought stress condition or irrigation after 180 mm evaporated water from class a evaporation pan, increase in zeolit application to 6 ton/ha was effective on yield and yield components. In this condition highest amounts of seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were 1967.5 Kg/ha, 9746.2 Kg/ha and 0.20 alternatively.

Dry matter accumulation by winter wheat (Tritcium aestivum L.) plant until anthesis and after that is importance because yield greatly depends on translocation of dry matter at pre and post-anthesis to grain especially under drought stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between drought stress and remobilization in four irrigated winter wheat cultivars. Two semi-dwarfs (Alvand, Shahryar), dwarf (MV17) and tall Tos cultivars were grown in loamy soil type in 2008 in Sanandaj Agricultural Research Station. Experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Drought stress treatment include: A) Eliminate an irrigation turn at pre-anthesis (35-50 zadoks), B) Cut off irrigation period from 10 days after anhesis to maturity (after 70 scales of zadoks) and control treatment. Preanthesis drought stress treatment with 63.3 g/m2 has been most remobilization. post-anthesis and control treatments had been non-signification difference. High amount of remobilization was in Shahryar at pre-anhesis drought stress treatment (80 g/m2). Shahryar cultivar had been by 52.6% remobilization efficiency (RE). But most RE after anthesis drought stress was in Tos (34.3%). High of culms at pre-anthesis drought stress had been significantly difference with post-anthesis and control. The result showed that, remobilization of dry matter at pre-anthesis drought stress treatment (35-50 zadoks) was more than post-anthesis drought stress and control treatment. Pre-anthesis drought stress in semi-dwarf and post-anthesis drought stress in tall cultivars probably increase remobilization of dry matter and its efficiency.

Wheat as the most important crop to man, has experienced spectacular improvements in its yield, quality and architecture during the last few decade(Feil 1992, Slafer and PeltonenSainio 2001, Heisey et al. 2002). In order to assess the effects of plant breeding on the yield and other characteristics of the wheat cultivars released by the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Iran during 1942 and 2007, 21 spring wheat varieties recommended for temperate regions were selected and sown for two successive years. Twenty genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Physiological and morphological characteristics and protein content were assessed in every years. Results revealed that plant breeding has increased the grain yield through the decrease of plant height and the increase of harvest index. Number of grains per spike was higher in modern varieties that older ones. On contrary to grain yield and its components, protein content decreased significantly during the breeding process. Cluster analysis divided the cultivars into three main groups of old, medium and modern varieties. Among the traits potentially related to wheat grain yield, many didn’t show any trends in the Iranian wheat breeding history.

In 2005, 7 inbred lines of corn were crossed in a full diallel scheme. The 7 parents and 42 hybrids were planted in field based on RCBD design with three replications. Results of ANOVA showed significant differences between genotypes. Griffing’s method 1 showed significant GCA and SCA effects for all evaluated traits. Variance of reciprocal effects also was significant for some of the traits that indicate presence of maternal inheritance. Based on Baker coefficient, additive gene effects were predominant to control of majority of traits. Results of genotype and phenotype correlations between studied traits and grain yield showed that increasing number of kernels per row, plant height, ear height, grain depth number of rows per ear and decreasing days to silking and days to physiologic maturity seems to be suitable for grain yield improvement. The range of broadsense heritabilities were between 16% and 93% for grain depth and number of rows per ear and narrowsense heritabilities were between 1% and 85% for grain yield and number of rows per ear respectively. Based on mean comparisons, high parent heterosis, general and specific combining abilities of parents and hybrids, 3 inbred line for increasing number of kernels per row and grain yield, 1 inbred line for increasing ear length, 2 inbred line for decreasing grain depth and 3, 7 and 6 inbred lines for increasing number of rows per ear were suitable resources for increasing grain yield.

Aegilops tauschii is a goatgrass, diploid and autogame species that is origion of D genome in Triticum aestivum. In this research, we studied high molecular weight of glutenins (HMW-GS) in 28 populations of Aegilops tauschii that collected from different provinces of Iran and a cultivar of bread wheat (Chinese spring) as control. Laemeli et al (1970) method was used for extraction of storage protein, then SDS-PAGE was used for separation of subunits of glutenins. After coomasssie blue and silver staining methods, we scored and analyzed the migration of bands.We calculated similarity matrix using jaccard coefficient and used cluster analysis based on UPGMA algorithm. In coomasssie blue method, similarity coefficients varied from 0.42 to 1; these populations were clustered and Chinese spring located in a single group. In silver staining method similarity coefficients varied from 0.57 to 0.95. We evaluated quality of protein bands in bread making quality based on Yan et al (2003) method. The accessions were not consistent with their geographical regions. Also,we suggested coomasssie blue method for staining of protein gels in order to detection of genetic diversity.

In order to evaluate the effects of seed dual inoculation by Azotobacter Chorococum and fungi Glomus Intraradices Mycorrhiza and various Nitrogen and Phosphorus use levels on oil percentage and oil yield spring safflower, this study was carried out in field of farahan university in Markazi province in year 2006. A factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used inoculation of Azotobacter (with inoculation and without inoculation) and Mycorrhiza (with inoculation and without inoculation) with Nitrogen and Phosphorus levels (F0= N0+ P0, F1= N50+ P25, F2= N100+ P50, F3= N150+ P75) on spring safflower (IL-111 cultivar). Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long with 50cm between rows and 5cm between plants on the rows. In this study characteristics such as: plant height, Height First branch, Stem Diameter, Growth Period, Oil Percentage and Oil yield were assessed. Results indicated that A0M1F3 treatment with oil yield (426/8 kg/ha) and A0M1F0 treatment with oil yield (295/1kg/ ha) were significantly superior to the other treatments and according to calculated, inoculation seed with Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza to cause increase grain yield about 9/20 percentage. Therfore we can inoculation safflower seed with Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza too much easily at the time sowing date. The purpose of this research,study the role of biological fixation N and P, to provide for feeds plants.

In order to evaluate the effects of methanol on sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) quantitative traits and yield, a study was conducted in 2008 in maahdasht (Karaj,Iran). Aqueous solutions 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, 28, 35% (V/V) methanol and each solution contained 0.2%. These solutions were sprayed over head 3 times in two week intervals on foliage parts of sugar beet. First foliar application was done in 80 Days after planting. In this study parameters such as root yield (ton/h),leaf yield(ton/h),sugar content(%), molasses(%),white sugar content(%),white sugar yield(%),white sugar(%), Na(mmol/100g root), K (mmol/100g root), N(mmol/100g root) were evaluated. Results of this experiment indicated that there was significant difference (1%) between levels of solutions and control on root yield, leaf yield, white sugar yield and sugar yield. Foliar applied of 21% methanol increased root yield, leaf yield and sugar yield with 92.3, 53.03 and 13.72 (ton/h), respectively. Whereas the maximum white sugar yield (9.28 ton/h) was observed at foliar applied of 14% (V/V). In this study was not observed significant difference between levels of solutions and control on other measured parameters.

This study was conducted to evaluate of water stress and different nitrogen usage effects on yield and yield components of castor bean, as a factorial experiment based on Random Complete Block (RCB) Design. In this study irrigation and nitrogen factors were evaluated in four levels with three replications which irrigation levels were normal irrigation, water holding in stemming, flowering and seed filling stages and also nitrogen usage levels were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha, respectively. The studied characters were plant height, leaf number, main stem length, stem diameter, node number in main stem, seed yield, seed oil percentage and seed oil yield.The results indicated that different water stress treatments of had significant effect and nitrogen usage on all of studied traits (P=0.01).The interaction of water stress and nitrogen usage factors was significant in all of traits (P=0.01). According to the results, the highest seed yield and seed oil yield were in normal irrigation level (1.992 and 1.035 ton/ha, respectively) and the level of 180 kg/ha nitrogen usage (2.566 and 1.292 ton/ha, respectively). Also the least amount of seed yield and seed oil yield was in water holding level in the stemming stage and no usage of nitrogen. Totally between experimental treatments, the highest seed yield and seed oil yield were in 180 kg/ha nitrogen usage and normal irrigation levels.